The purpose of this study was, if possible, to find a housing system for growing bulls that was as optimal as possible for the animal welfare. In order to select housing systems you must take into account the size of the group, body weight and the type of floor. Seven of the international most common housing systems were compared, straw bedding, deep straw bedding, sliding straw bedding, concrete slatted floor, rubber coated slatted floor, cubicles and feeding cubicles. Studies that have examined the proportion of tail, claw and leg injuries and the presence of unnatural behavior in the different systems. In summary, all studies showed that soft underlay were beneficial for the animals in terms of the proportion of bone lesions and swellings.

Background: Energy drinks have been found in everyday-stores since 1997 and their popularity have increased over time. Consumtion of energy drinks takes place because of their ability to increase concentration and to decrease fatigue but also because of the popularity the drinks have got. Target groups for these stimulating beverages are adolescents and young adults. Energy drinks contain caffeine, taurine, glucuronolacton, carbohydrates and B-vitamins and voices have been raised about the eligibility for young people to ingest large quantities of these kinds of substances. Because of the properties of these substances it has become popular to mix energy drinks and alcoholic beverages to make up for the negative effects of alcohol and to be able to drink larger quantaties.Aim: The aim of this literature work was to investigate cognitive effects of the combination of caffeine in terms of energy drinks and alcohol and to determine if these effects could be harmful.Method: This literature work is based on five scientific articles retrieved from PubMed.

Abstract Author: Robert Andersson & Oskar KarlsjöTitle:?My first thought is a girl that cuts herself? ? A qualitative study about professionals in human service organizations description of self-injurious behavior.Supervisor: Ann OttengrimAssessor: Rickard Ulmestig The purpose of this study has been to understand how professionals in human service organizations (HSO) describe self-injuries behaviour, how they describe the individuals that self-harm and if the professionals describe any possible differences in how men and women self-harm as well as how professional?s knowledge concerning self-injurious behaviour is contructed. The study answers three questions;- What kind of actions do professionals in HSO describe as being self-injurious behaviour?- How is knowledge constructed by professionals in HSO concerning self-injurious behaviour?- How are people who engage in self-injurious behaviour being described?- How do professionals in human service organizations describe potential differences between men and women´s self-injurious behaviour? Qualitative interviews have been chosen as the method in this study to gather empirical data and the social constructionism theory has been implemented to analyse the empirical data.The result of this study shows that self-injurious behaviour is a complex and at the same time a dynamic phenomenon. There are a lot of different actions that are being describes as being self-injurious behaviour.

The essay investigates the visual element as seen by the audience and artist to be of greatest importance to a musicalperformance. The study was conducted in the form of a field work which included doing interviews with artists, surveys of the audience and interpretive observations of live performance. The fieldwork was conducted in three different environments in which I found myself on the spot and performed the various stages included in the field work. It was done to create a surface that could be used in an essay, and through that use this material to compare and analyze my results and in the end be able to answer my questions. I started from eight different factors which all could beexperienced visually on stage.

Syftet med rapporten var att undersöka hur barn i åldern fyra-fem år tänker om sin egen kropp, vilka uppfattningar om kroppen som finns. Sju barn har deltagit genom kvalitativa intervjuer och en uppföljning ca 18 månader senare visar hur uppfattningarna förändrats eller utvecklats. Barnen blev även erbjudna att måla en teckning som visade insidan på en människokropp.   Barnens svar var bundna till situationer och uppfattningarna om kroppen hade utvecklats sedan de första intervjuerna, även om en del svar var ganska lika. Barnens spontana svar om den egna kroppen var många; det finns ett hjärta, hjärna, skelett, blod för att nämna några svar. Några av barnen kände till hjärtat och hjärnans funktion.   Barnen fick också besvara frågor om vad som händer med maten vi äter, vad som händer med människokroppen när man blir gammal och om sjukdom.

Detta examensarbete är ett försök att skapa en enkel handbok, där man lätt kan slå upp fakta om olika typer av gjutlegeringar. Samtidigt är det en undersökning om hur man kan förbättra kvalitetssäkringen av gjutgods. För att uppnå det förstnämnda har grundliga litteraturstudier utförts och resultatet har blivit ett antal avsnitt som tar upp det viktigaste om gjutning och gjutgods. I dessa avsnitt kan man läsa om olika gjuttekniker, legeringars gjutegenskaper, olika typer av värmebehandlingar, gjutdefekter, vanliga metoder för kontroll etc. Undersökningen av kvalitetssäkringen, och om dess förbättring, möjliggjordes genom kontakt mellan olika företag och genom att prova tekniker, såsom finita element beräkning (FEM) och gjutsimulering, och dra slutsatser från dessa resultat.

AbstractThe purpose of the present study was to clarify and describe what image men and women present and communicate in their profiles on an online dating site. Further has been investigated if traditional gender roles and stereotypes are as pronounced on this online platform or if it offers a space to go beyond traditional formations. The theoretical framework of this study consisted of a social psychological idea and understanding of identity as well as a gender theoretical perspective. The methodological points of departure were hermeneutic and the data consisted of ten male and ten female member profiles on match.com. The results of the study was divided into three themes, the emphasis on positive qualities, the attractive body and project manager to one?s own life.

Animal welfare is of increasing concern in present society. In commercial pig farming, animal welfare problems are common. One of the causes for these problems is the barren environment in which pigs are housed, which can cause oral manipulation of pen mates. Providing straw might be one solution to this problem. Another solution could be reached through genetic selection.

The number of new estate agent offices is increasing yearly and each year many hundred new estate agents graduate. The comparing of estate agents by sellers has perhaps been most common in larger cities, but as competition has increased even in smaller towns we experience that it has become a common phenomenon even there. We both come from a small town but are not afraid of the idea of moving to a larger city as newly qualified estate agents. We ask ourselves, which are the determining factors in the choice of a estate agent in a large city as opposed to a small town? Can we see any differences? The purpose with this essay is to give us added knowledge about which factors private persons consider to be important in their choice of an estate agent when selling a house.The body of information is based on two parallel surveys, one in Hudiksvall and one in Stockholm, together with interviews of people in this line of business.

The objective of the essay was to identify the nursing care required by a dog suffering from heat stroke and how to educate and advice the owners how to start treating their dog and prevent the condition from occurring in the first place. The essay is based on a literature study. Several databases were searched for scientific research to try find answers to the issues. Keywords concerning the subject were used and mixed in different combinations to sort out the suitable studies. The results of the study indicate that the dog should be cooled by the owner directly after detection. The most crucial issue is to reduce the body temperature as quickly as possible or the morbidity will worsen.

SammanfattningAtt undersöka en befolknings fysiska aktivitet ger beskrivande data utavdagsläget samt att resultatet fungerar som mätinstrument för hur en framtidaintervention ska utformas. Syftet med denna studie var att se om någotsamband förelåg mellan tre olika undersökningsinstrument för fysiskaktivitet, som används för med barn med övervikt. Metod: Deltagarnamättes, vägdes, skattade sin fysiska aktivitetsnivå (frågeformulär), testade sinfysiska prestationsförmåga (sex minuters gångtest) och deras fysiska aktivitetmättes (accelerometer). Resultat: Åtta flickor, 7-13 år, med ett Body MassIndex (BMI) på 26 ± 3,7 kg/m2deltog. Majoriteten skattade sig vara fysisktaktiva 30-60 min/dag under vardag och helg, men som grupp var skattningensignifikant lägre på helgen.

Bakgrund: Skolios är en ryggradskrökning och det är viktigt att hitta orsaken då behandlingen är beroende av skoliosens utseende. Röntgenundersökningar bör endast användas när behandling av skoliosen övervägs då onödiga stråldoser bör undvikas. Ju mer strålning en patient får på sig desto större risk för cellskada. Röntgensjuksköterskor bör alltid arbeta för att försöka minimera stråldosen vid röntgenundersökningar.Syfte: Syftet med aktuell studie var att jämföra olika skoliosundersökningar på två röntgenavdelningar för att fastställa om någon skillnad i stråldos uppstod mellan dem.Frågeställning: Är det någon stråldosskillnad mellan en konventionell skoliosundersökning och en skoliosundersökning med genomlysningsutrustning?Metod: I ett konventionellt undersökningsrum och i ett genomlysningsrum tillfrågades 30 patienter om längd samt vikt och undersökningens Dos Area Produkt (DAP)-värde dokumenterades.

In Italy in 1528 the famous author Baldassare Castiglione published the book Il Cortegiano. In words Castiglione portraits the ideal courtiers and provides a lot of advice on how to achieve the ultimate courtier manner. For example he introduces and explains the words sprezzatura and grazia. His advice spread from Italy and influenced the courts around Europe. My purpose with this study has been two folded. Firstly, I have analysed Castigliones Il Cortegiano in order to examine his vision of virtues and ideals.

Sports research in the field of social science has shown that regular physical activity leads to wellbeing and positively affects the quality of life. A natural part of being an athlete is learning the functions of the human body, and what?s harmful and destructive, such as drugs (RF 1995). Doping is a constant problem in professional sport. Doping and manipulation of medical preparations in order to maximise performance is one of modern sport?s major problems, according to Blom and Lindroth (1995).I thought it would be interesting to see what the next generation of athletes thinks of doping.

In today?s society, there are many people who suffer from physical pains due to their work situation. To work sitting down by a desk long hours every day is quite normal but this is a problem. People that sit down and work in the same position all day long the whole week will eventually be affected by long-term work injuries.Large multinational companies around the world offer a customer service where they serve customers who have experienced a problem with that company?s products or services.