The Arctic region has not been a topic of discussion or a reason for a conflict in the past, but with the development of environmental issues which has resulted in melting of the ice, so has the interest for the region developed. This has resulted in a conflict over the area, with five countries as main actors. This paper investigates the five main actors? goals with increased influence in the area, using the thoughts of Rational Actor Model, with states as utility-maximizing actors and foreign policy as the expression of national interest. Furthermore the paper investigates the means of getting to the goal, what kind of tools they use.The paper shows that all of the countries are interested in the economically benefits that are buried under the melting ice and the short cuts in sea routes that will be a possibility to use ones the ice melt more.

Syftet med studien är att undersöka hur en skola för alla framställs i 2011-års skollag jämfört med 1985-års skollag samt i 2011-års läroplan, Lgr11, jämfört med 1994-års läroplan, Lpo94. Empirin har begränsats till de avsnitt som berör grundskolan ur perspektivet en skola för alla och elever i behov av särskilt stöd, i de båda skollagarna och läroplanerna (endast kapitel 1). Analysen gjordes utifrån två av Faircloughs tre diskursdimensio­ner: text och diskursordning. I diskussionen anknyts till den tredje dimensionen: den sociala praktiken. Analysverktyget för diskursordningen var dels inspirerat av Asp-Onsjös (2006) aspekter av inkludering (rumslig, socialt och didaktiskt) dels av Perssons (2010) modell för analys av grundläggande demokrativärden.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how the crisis communication was perceived between SAS, massmedia and citizens during the volcano crisis in 2010. The questions posed are: - How did the communication between SAS, media and citizens function during the crisis? - How did senders, intermediaries and beneficiaries experience the information and communication during the crisis? - How important was the internet communication for SAS, media and citizens during the crisis?The collected material consists of interviews and desktop research of material from Internet.The study shows that the communication between SAS, the media and citizens worked well on the social medias but was weaker in all other mediachannels. SAS was also weak in following up information received by media and travelers, and they therefore they had a different picture of the situation during the crisis. SAS thought that the communication worked fine between the parties involved.

AbstractThe employer is obliged to initiate negotiations with the union organization to which the employer is bound by a collective agreement. This applies both to decisions which imply a substantial change in workplace operations or employment conditions of the individual employee. In case law this obligation has been very extensive through all cases that have been up in the Swedish Labor court. Due to this fact the employer?s duty to negotiate has been interpreted very broadly.

Detta examensarbete syftar till att beskriva 1985 samt 2010 års skollag och vadkommunala rektorer anser om den nya skollagen. Utgångspunkten har var varit att utifrånen kvalitativ textanalys redogöra för de båda lagtexternas explicita rektorsregleringar samt,utifrån en enkätstudie, undersöka rektorernas uppfattningar om hur den nya lagensregleringar kan komma att påverka deras uppdrag.Lagtexterna skiljer sig åt beaktansvärt. Från att endast benämna rektor som skolansledare och som ansvarig för skolverksamhetens utveckling, till ramar där rektors ansvaroch befogenheter i detalj tydligt framhävs. Utifrån en läroplansteoretisk ansats analyserasförändringarna i den nya lagen. Resultaten visar att staten detaljstyr rektor i större mån iden nya skollagen.

Tanken med arbetet väcktes då vi som föräldrar och studenter inte sett något samband mellan likabehandlingsplanen och det praktiska värdegrundsarbetet i förskolan. Syftet med detta arbete är att beskriva, analysera och vidga förståelsen för hur utvalda förskolor integrerar planen för likabehandling och mot kränkande behandling till det praktiska arbetet med värdegrunden. Det som i förskolan benämns som likabehandlingsplan består av två olika planer. Den ena heter likabehandlingsplan och regleras av Diskrimineringslagen (SFS 2008:567). Den andra heter plan mot kränkande behandling och regleras av Skollagen (SFS 2010:800).

Syftet med denna studie är att beskriva och analysera sju kommuners soliditetsutveckling under 2006 till 2010 samt analysera om ett samband finns mellan låg soliditet och genuin sårbarhet. I uppsatsen används en blandning av kvantitativ och kvalitativ metod för att få en djupare förståelse kring kommuners soliditet och dess soliditetsutveckling. Insamlad sekundärdata kommer från böcker, artiklar, uppsatser och lagar. Primärdata samlades in vid en intervju samt genom sju kommuners årsredovisningar.Ett lågt antal invånare i en kommun behöver inte resultera i en låg soliditet. En befolkningsminskning behöver inte leda till en minskad soliditet.

The amounts of theories that deal with naval warfare are many. Several of those are developed under the previous century when tactics and technology were in the eve of development. Many of modern thinkers within science of war often refer to older but recognized theories. The purpose of this essay is to examine if the old but recognized theories are of current interest in modern naval warfare. The questions that are used in this essay are, what is the characteristics of the war of Yom Kippur with Mahan?s offensive and Corbett?s defensive as a starting-point and are there any of the theories that are prominent.

According to the Employment Protection Act, the permanent employment is the main condition of employment in Sweden. Nevertheless, nowadays a large number of employers choose to apply other conditions of employment than the permanent employment in their businesses. The rapid technical development and the demands for shorter perspective investment in companies on the Swedish labour market have started the requirement for a more flexible workforce. On-call employment is one of the conditions of employment that is increasing the most. This condition of employment is adjusted by the parties on the labour market.

AimThe aim of this study was to map the injury panorama of traumatic injuries related to ice hockey in Sweden 2006-2011. In addition to that the aim was to compare whether there were any gender differences regarding traumatic ice hockey injuries. MethodThe present study was based on data from the Folksam insurance company between 2006 and 2011. The population consisted of ice hockey players in a club affiliated to the Swedish Ice Hockey Federation and that had sustained a traumatic injury related to ice hockey that resulted in medical care and then was reported to Folksam. The results are presented with descriptive statistics such as mean and standard deviation, median range and frequencies. ResultsThe head was the most common injury localization followed by the upper extremity where the shoulder accounted for a high number of injuries. Fracture was the most common type of injury for both male and female players.

This essay is about the origin, planning and establishment of the European Space Research Organisation's (ESRO) sounding rocket base Esrange outside Kiruna in Northern Sweden. Three main questions are examined. First I show there were not just scientific and technical but also political, economical as well as military reasons to build a European rocket base. Second, I scrutinize the reasons to choose Northern Sweden as the location for the rocket base. As it turns out, the main reasons were the favourable location of Northern Sweden within the aurora oval zone, the proximity of the Kiruna Geophysical Observatory, and the possibility to use a large, although not quite uninhabited, area where the launched rockets could crash.

This paper is about the extent to which simplified penetration calculations ofsmall-caliber projectiles is a useful tool for assessing the physical protectioncapability. The work should be seen as an attempt to create an accessible tool inthe form of a simplified equation that allows for a better and safer use of thenaval vessels. The tool will also be used at different levels so that decisions andinstructions could be clearer.Performed calculations show a very limited capacity of a ship's basic design interms of physical protection against the use of small-caliber projectiles.How do we know that the calculations correct? By verifying the calculations withpractical shooting tests, a substantial condition to answer the question will becreated. To shoot against a material with two different thicknesses estimated toproduce perforation and non-perforation is a good approximation of the equationusability in the context..

Det här examensarbetet har haft som avsikt att försöka förstå det vidgade textbegreppet genom att synliggöra begreppets innebörd i kursplanen och läromedel för engelska årskurs nio. Vidare har arbetet syftat till att ta reda på huruvida läroböcker för engelska årskurs nio är anpassad till att undervisa utifrån det vidgade textbegreppet. Kvantitativ och kvalitativ textanalys har används som metod för att undersöka tre valda läromedelspaket: Spotlight 9 (Randall et al, 2010), Good Stuff D (Coombs et al, 2004) och PrimeTime Main 3 (Bermheden & Winblad, 2010). Dessa har jämförts och analyserats ur två huvudaspekter; nämligen vilka texttyper förekommer i samtliga läroböcker och hur är det tänkt att samtliga texter ska bearbetas. Resultatet har lett till två viktiga slutsatser: Den första slutsatsen är att det förekommer en hel del vidgade texter i samtliga läroböcker. Däremot används dessa texter huvudsakligen i syfte för att bearbeta traditionella texter. Vilket innebär att vidgade texter inte har ett eget värde och har en underordnad position i jämförelse med traditionella texter.

The purpose of this thesis is, through both a quantitative and qualitative study, to map out how the interaction appears between the established parties and the radical right-wing party, the Sweden Democrat?s (SD) and their core issue ? immigration in the Swedish parliament. By applying analytical dimensions on the parliamentary protocols regarding the immigration issue between the years of 2010-2012 this study will get an insight on how the argumentation concerning immigration has developed since their entrance into the Swedish parliament in 2010. The result shows that SD, through the rejection treatment of the established parties, fulfilled the three conditions which accordingly to the study's theoretical framework are crucial for the party's future success. In the established parties? reception of SD regarding immigration, SD is, to a large extent, left unchallenged as the established parties rather focus on integration instead of challenge SD in the immigration issue.

AimThe purpose with this study is to evaluate the selectationprocess and what happened with Swedish basketball players born 1986-89, that were selected to participate in Miki Herkel Cup (MHC), which is a camp for the 60 most talented players in Sweden.Metod  Together with the Swedish basketball federation, we decided to survey those who attended MHC as well as the players playing in the senior national team 2009.  The data collection has been made through a survey, with multiple choice questions in order to get as good as possible view of what factors that had influenced their development as basketball players. The survey was sent out to all players born 1986-89 that attended MHC and the senior national team of 2009. We used an electronic survey tool called questback which is an internetsurvey and sent out the survey to 320 players. To collect information we´ve searched within literature and databases.Result  18 % of the players answered the survey, which decreases the research validity.