This thesis comprises a translation from English to Swedish followed by a commentary. The source text (ST) of the translation consists of the second chapter of Made in America (1998), a popularised language history by Bill Bryson. The commentary includes an analysis of the ST and the target text (TT), as well as a discussion of the translation process as a whole, and of the translation strategies applied in order to solve the translation problems of the ST. The theoretical framework of the thesis is based on Toury?s notion of norms (1995), from which the following principle for translating is conceived: to transfer the ST information as faithfully as possible but with the modifications necessary to accommodate the source language competence level of the TT readers, which is estimated to be relatively low.

Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur kvinnor och män skildras i text. Genom att analysera ord som följer efter hans och hennes i en mängd texter bestående av nyhetsartiklar, insändare och skönlitterär text undersöks om och i så fall vilka skillnader som finns mellan hur kvinnor och män skildras i text. Genom att dela in orden i kategorier har det varit möjligt att studera och synliggöra mönster för hur de båda könen framställs. Uppsatsen har den kritiska diskursanalysen som teoretisk ram vilket möjliggör tolkning utifrån en större samhällelig nivå. Resultatet visar att kvinnor och män i jämförelse med tidigare forskning framställs som mer jämställda, men att påtagliga skillnader trots allt finns.

Urban densification as a planning strategy is of interest in the planning context of today. It is also seen as a part of the sustainable development. Urban densification as a concept is commonly used in the discussion of a sustainable development. Thus, the question about urban densification is an important challenge in the current planning context. A deeper understanding of the process which urban densification has developed from is necessary, since planners then will be more able to manage this challenge.

I mitt examensarbete har jag studerat hur klarspråk samt text och bild i samverkan kan öka läsbarhet, läslighet och läsvärdet i myndighetstexter. I denna studie har jag avgränsat mig till att analysera Valmyndighetens broschyr Valet i fickformat, som är den enda informationen som från myndigheten som förklarar hur valet går till. Syftet med studien är att skapa förbättrad information till förstagångsväljare, som också hade lägst valdeltagande i Sverige under riksdagsvalet 2010. I studien har jag genomfört två olika metoder; en textanalys och en semistrukturerad fokusgrupp. Syftet med textanalysen var att få en helhetsbild kring hur Valmyndigheten utformat tidigare material vad gäller målgrupp, kontext, språkligt bruk, text och bild i samverkan samt den grafiska formen. Detta för att ta reda på vad som har fungerat bra/mindre bra med Valmyndighetens befintliga information, för att i sin tur skapa förbättrad information som ökar läsbarhet, läslighet och läsvärde hos målgruppen förstagångsväljare.

In this paper we have chosen to work with both the background to the Library Act § 7a and followed the process of creating the library plan of Helsingborg City Library. We have tried to follow the process through the public Text documents that are available. We start by giving a background to the library act and its additional § 7a. Then we give a recap of the emergence of the modern public libraries in Sweden during the last century until today. When the working group at the City Library in Helsingborg was working with the library plan, they had to take in count the strategic goals set up by Region Skåne, since Helsingborg is place in that area.

Quality is a vague concept, it seems to be about a ?gut feeling? but is used as if it were a concrete property. This paper examines the defenition of the concept of quality, the relation between quality and gender equality and also what the representation between the genders in exhibitions, purchases and donations looks like in this day. As method for this paper text analysis, with searchlight on the two parameters of quality and equality, have been used on documents that provide a historical and a cultural policy perspective. The main part of the paper is an analysis of the visual arts on Värmlands museum, Kristinehamns konstmuseum and Rackstadmuseet.In the discussion of the paper, chapter 5, the result of the research is presented.

Developing good reading skills is crucial for all pupils in school, and the reading bookis a tool for achieving that. Pupils are entitled to good reading instruction, regardless ofwhich reading level they are at, and regardless of the level of the reader they have beengiven. The aim of the study is to examine a particular teaching material and describe thedifferences that exist between a simpler and a more difficult variant of the same reader.The study is a textual analysis focused on the two readers for grade 2 from the materialDiamantjakten (The Diamond Hunt). The study shows that the two books display greatdifferences. Reading the simpler book involves a smaller amount of text, fewerdescriptive expressions, and a smaller number of words, but it does make demands onthe reader?s ability to read between the lines.

Background                      European football has during the past decades seen a fast development towards a more professionalized and commercialized climate. This had led to the fact that a lot of clubs are run like any other company, and the focus on marketing and market shares has increased. To be able to create a strong brand clubs have to put a lot of work into marketing, not only of their own brand, but of their sponsors and partners as well.Purpose                              The purpose of this study is to (in step 1) analyze how two smaller Swedish football clubs build their brand and work with their marketing communication. In step 2, the purpose is to create a model of how these clubs may work to develop their brand and marketing communication.Method                              With a qualitative approach, the authors of this paper have analyzed text and documents as well as performed two in-depth interviews.Findings                             Both clubs lack a well-developed strategy regarding their work with their brand and marketing communication. However, there are in both cases factors that, if developed correctly, could help build a stronger brand and better the marketing communication.

This essay analyses the act of reading August Strindberg?s novel En dåres försvarstal (A Madman?s defence). It reveals the writer?s motif and purpose with the text and it shows how a certain interpretation of the text is crucial for the writer?s intentions to become reality. But it also shows how this interpretation is threaten by several, both intertextual and extratextual, thematically and structural, factors.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur attityder till svordomar och bruket av svordomar i tal och i text ser ut bland studenter på en högskola i Mellansverige.Metoden i denna uppsats är en datainsamling som sker genom en kvalitativ enkätundersökning där studenter på en högskola i Mellansverige besvarar ett antal frågor om svordomar. Deras kön, ålder och program/kurs tas i beaktning så att det går att dela upp data och gå djupare bland annat för att undersöka skillnader mellan män och kvinnors svar. Resultatet redovisas kvantitativt.Det var 32 stycken studenter som fyllde i enkäten vid högskolan i Mellansverige. 10 stycken var män och 22 stycken var kvinnor. Resultatet visar att studenterna tycker att svordomar är okej och de använder alla svordomar i tal och många också i text.

AbstractThe ideas of adulthood, adolescence and childhood in Swedish law have a tendency to not be expressed or discussed. This thesis has focused on the preparatory work of the sexual offence-law to see whether it defines adulthood. This has been achieved by analyzing the documents related to this preparatory work. The thesis focused on two central questions: 1) Was the idea of adulthood an integral part of the discussions in the preparatory work 2) If so, then how was it defined and are there any contradictions in the definition. In addition, this work also evaluated the impact of this law and investigated whether the absolute protection intended by the government and the committee of sexual crime seek actually exists.The study shows that the concept of adulthood was not defined specifically in the preparatory work.

The aim of this essay is, firstly, to ? through a text analysis ? compare the curriculum of Waldorf education in Sweden (in the essay referred to as ?WL?) to the Swedish national curriculum ?Lpo 94?, to uncover possible differences and similarities between these documents, and, secondly, to present the roots and educational philosophies that these two curricula, respectively, are based upon. The purpose hereby is to be able to trace, describe and explain the differences between the pedagogical practices of Waldorf education and that of conventional Swedish schools.In the essay, a historical investigation of the main traditions of ideas behind the Swedish national curriculum is briefly carried out, where I swiftly present the educational philosophies of John Dewey (1859-1952) and Lev S. Vygotsky (1896-1934). Next, an investigation of the worldview and philosophy of Rudolf Steiner (1861-1925) is effectuated, where I attempt to bring to light Steiner?s anthroposophical and holistic worldview ? a worldview that throughout the 20th century has developed into an international and wide-ranging anthroposophical movement ? as well as his concepts of knowledge, science and educational philosophy.

Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med en klasslärare, en speciallärare samt fyra elever har syftet med denna studie varit att undersöka på vilket sätt skapande i bild och illustration till text kan verka som stöd och motivation i språkliga lärprocesser samt om elevernas uppfattningar skiljer sig åt på grund av deras olika språkförmågor. Ambitionen har också varit att synliggöra goda inlärningsstrategier med skapande i bild och illustration som verktyg samt på vilket sätt dessa strategier kan utveckla den språkliga förmågan hos eleven med dyslexi. Elever med dyslexi är i behov av multisensoriska lärprocesser för gynnsam språkutveckling. Det framkommer i studien att pedagogerna tycker det är betydelsefullt att eleverna använder sig av skapande i bild och illustration för att komma åt sin metakognition. Även eleverna upplever detta viktigt, särskilt eleven med dyslexi.

The purpose of this essay is to explore how I can meet children with different kinds of attention deficit disorders. What can I do when the child kicks me and makes me cry? How can I handle it right so that the child and I can feel good? In my text I am writing about how I can prioritize my way when I am angry. I wonder how to prioritize my feelings and feel safe with the other person. I am developing these questions in my text.

This paper presents a study of educational materials used in Swedish language education. The aim of the study is to understand in which way multimodal resources can be used in texts, to benefit in the process of meaning making among pupils in the nine-year compulsory school. The theoretical framework used as a basis for understanding and analysing these educational materials is the social semiotic multimodal perspective and the design theoretical multimodal perspective. The study is a multimodal text analysis but it also involves analyses of the syllabi connected to the subject of Swedish language education. The extended concept of text was introduced in the year of 2000 in the syllabus and today multimodal texts are supposed to be part of the Swedish language education.