Spasticitet, kontrakturer och muskelstelhet kan orsaka nedsatt rörlighet i leder. Ett stort antal behandlingsmetoder för att förbättra rörligheten i leder och muskler används. Resultaten av dessa behandlingsmetoder har visat skiftande verkningsgrad, vilket ökar intresset för att ta fram mer avancerade mätmetoder med ökad tillförlitlighet. Syftet med studien var att reliabilitetstesta en Biodex multijoint system III för mätning av passiv muskelstelhet i vadmuskulaturen. Åtta män (29±5) år och tolv kvinnor (24±3) år, deltog i studien.

Posttraumatiskt stressyndrom (PTSD) kännetecknas av tre huvudsymptom: undvikande, förnekande och hyperspändhet. Även koncentrationssvårigheter, ångest, depression, flashbacks och mardrömmar är vanligt förekommande hos individer med PTSD. Flyktingar i Sverige som har varit med om krig kan uppvisa dessa symptom. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka terapeuters upplevelser av arbete med patienter med krigsrelaterat PTSD. Intervjuer med åtta terapeuter utfördes.

Hyperthyroidism has become the most commonly diagnosed endocrine disorder in cats. The recommended treatment of choice in the literature is administration of radioactive iodine. This treatment has been available at a few veterinary clinics in Sweden since 1999. Forty-six cats treated with a standard dose (80 MBq) of radioactive iodine (131I) at the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences in the period 2000-2004 were followed for a median of 13 months (range 3-42 months) by means of a retrospective cohort study design. Tables predicting time of survival after treatment were made. At final follow-up thirty-nine cats (85%) were euthyroid, six cats (13%) remained hyperthyroid and one cat (2%) was hypothyroid.

Swedish Armed Forces are according to their development planning process taking actions to establish a new joint unit (SWEWOSE), with electronic warfare capability. SWEWOSÉ S main task will be designated to produce electronic warfare libraries for electronic warfare systems within the armed forces. The unit shall have capability to support with libraries in any state of conflict situation even if the supported unit with library needs conducting operations abroad.This essay examines the requirements that justify the establishment of a new unit in times when the armed forces conducting reorganizations and cutbacks in both economy and personnel.The possibilities to buy complete system solutions from an external supplier are examined. But also what kind of library support model that is to prefer according to the demands that the Swedish Armed Forces desired, in terms of capability in platform protection and battle space awareness.The results show that the demands that the Swedish Armed Forces has decided, best will be ful-filled and justified by a national electronic warfare unit, with library production as a main task..

Reumatoid artrit (RA) är den vanligaste inflammatoriska sjukdomen i Sverige. Artros är en icke inflammatorisk sjukdom. En del av behandlingen för reumatiker idag består av patientundervisning i grupp. Genom patientundervisning ökar patientens kunskaper och bättre förutsättning till egenvård ges. Syftet med studien var att beskriva kursdeltagares erfarenheter av patientundervisning för reumatiker fem år efter avslutad kurs.

There are many kinds of joint operations and combinations of combined arms. This thesis puts its focus on Close Air Support, CAS. Throughout history there have been several cases of success, regarding these kinds of operations, but also failure. Much can be taught from organizational behaviour studies, applied on these military organisations in their cooperation with each other. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the cooperation between the Swedish army and air force to determine the functionality of their process.

In September 2008, a proposition to limit auditors? liability for statutory audit was launched by a Swedish Government official report. Auditors? legal liability in this respect has been joint and unlimited for more than 60 years in Sweden. By using a qualitative literature study method, this paper aims at discovering how the proposed change in legal liability affects the legitimacy of auditors in Sweden.

It is a well-known fact that children with ADHD are hyperactive and have a hard time concentrating; therefore it is of interest to examine how teachers deal with this fact. This study expands the understanding of how teachers work with children who has ADHD; the main purpose of this study has been to examine how teachers view students with ADHD and how they work to include these students in the classroom environment.  special pedagogy has been used to analyze the results. The results are based on four interviews in two schools in south of Stockholm with teachers who work in classes that contain children in the third grade, some of the children have been diagnosed with ADHD and some only have strong characteristics for the functional limitation. Findings suggest that teachers? use structure, planning and the modification of students? individual needs to make them included in the classroom education.

The establishment of loan-based structures within a group of associated enterprises with the purpose of lowering the group's taxes by using deductible interest payments to transfer money has become increasingly popular in Sweden during the past few years. The legislator has therefore implemented new laws which restrict the amount of interest payments that are deductible within a group of associated enterprises. As a consequence the definition of associated enterprises has become of high importance. The definition has been criticized and is perceived by many as vague and difficult to interpret. The purpose of this thesis is to examine the definition of associated enterprises in Swedish tax law with the aim of clarifying its scope and meaning.

The purpose has been to investigate leisure-time centers actual work on children with attention deficit disorder. In addition, the study strives to make leisure-time centers way of working, in relation to their assignments, visible. The study has also compared how the leisure-time centers work and what the research says. The survey was conducted with the help of three exploratory interviews with pedagogues and three-piece observations at the leisure-time centers. It was carried out at three different schools in two counties in Sweden.The results of the survey show that the schools are trying to create clear procedures, though the centers succeed with this in varied degrees.

I carried out six interviews in a "resource-school". The pupils were between ten and fifteen years old and they were all boys with a conduct disorder. The purpose of my study was to find out how the pupils experience school and with that starting point I wanted to contribute to the understanding and the importance of the "resource-school" for the pupils' development. My main questions have been to investigate what the pupils recall from their earlier schools, what they consider to be the difference between their current school and earlier schools, why do they attend this school, do they see it like a punishment or a possibility and how do they see their future.One conclusion I got to in my study was the pupils' relation to the staff. Here they found reliable grown ups with whom they created a positive relation to, which gave them better possiblities to develop and grow stronger.

ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) är ett neuropsykiatriskt funktionshinder som ungefär 3-5 procent av alla barn i skolålder är diagnostiserade för. Hälften av de barn som diagnostiseras har kvar symtomen i vuxen ålder. Samtidigt är ADHD en diagnos som varit omdiskuterad under många år, då somliga menar att det inte borde vara en diagnos utan kan vara ett personlighetsdrag och att en diagnostisering kan medföra negativa konsekvenser för en persons självbild. Syftet var att ta reda på hur våra fem respondenter, vuxna personer med en ADHD-diagnos, ser på sitt liv efter att de fått sin diagnos och vad diagnostiseringen har haft för betydelse för dem. Intervjuer med en narrativ ingång användes för att, utifrån den valda frågeställningen sammanfatta och strukturera upp respondenternas berättelser.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att identifiera och beskriva skyddsfaktorernas effekt för psykisk ohälsa. Teorin om skyddsfaktorer till psykisk ohälsa enligt Cullberg, 2003 användes som teoretisk referensram. Metoden var en litteraturstudie där tio granskade artiklar delades in i teman utifrån teorin om skyddsfaktorer för psykisk ohälsa enligt Cullberg, 2003. Dessa teman var social nätverk, arbete/sysselsättning och sammanhang/mening. Resultatet visade att dessa tre skyddsfaktorer utgår från fundamentala behov hos människan, om dessa inte är uppfyllda löper människan större risk att drabbas av psykisk ohälsa.

The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of self-reported visual and neck/shoulder complaints among individuals with a low vision diagnosis. The study also aimed to examine whether there was an association between the degree of self-rated visual and the neck/shoulder complaints. There was a questionnaire survey that was conducted on patients that visits an eye center in a county in central Sweden. There were a total of 18 people participated in the survey, between 17-92 years old. The questionnaire contained 22 questions and was analyzed with SPSS.

Patienter som lider av Münchhausens syndrom hittar på symtom och/eller skadar sig själva i syfte att få uppmärksamhet från sjukvårdspersonal. Det är en svårdiagnostiserad störning som är till skada för individen och hela sjukvårdssystemet. Det har gjorts få undersökningar om Münchhausens syndrom och därför intervjuades fem läkare för att öka kunskapen om Münchhausens syndrom och få svar på vilka möjligheter läkare har att kunna identifiera denna störning, samt vilka åtgärder som då kan bli aktuella. Resultatet visade att läkarna ansåg sig vara för lite insatta om Münchhausens syndrom och att de inte kunde vara helt säkra på att patienten inte hade de besvär som patienten påstod sig lida av. Det fanns heller ingen handlingsplan ifall läkarna misstänkte att en patient inte talade sanning om sitt hälsotillstånd.