Stump wood is a hot alternative when the heating plants demands more and more forest fuel. The aim with the study has bean to calculate the costs in four different systems for transportations of stump wood, examine if there are any differences in fuel quality for the stump wood in the different systems, analyse if the fuel quality in stump wood is affected with the time it lays by the road side and how much space the stump wood demands on the road side. To calculate the costs for the different systems a system analysis was carried out, where some of the costs were collected through field studies on Holmen Skog stump experiment and other costs were collected from literature and contacts. Data for the fuel quality study was collected from Eons heat plant in Norrköping. Data for the study of how much space stump wood takes along a roadside was collected from field studies.

Under de senaste åren har det blivit vanligare att arbetsgivare väljer att avskeda en arbetstagare istället för att säga upp denne. En skillnad mellan dessa två åtgärder är att vid ett avsked avslutas anställningen omgående medan en uppsägning följs av en uppsägningstid. Den skillnad som är av största betydelse för arbetsgivarens val är att om arbetstagaren yrkar att uppsägningen ska ogiltigförklaras kvarstår anställningen tills tvisten är löst. Detta gäller inte vid avsked, där skiljs arbetstagaren från anställningen även om denne yrkar att avskedandet ska ogiltigförklaras. Anställningsskyddslagen tillsammans med skadeståndspraxis ger en arbetsgivare som väljer avsked istället för uppsägning möjligheten till en ekonomisk besparing..

An automatic milking (AM) system should be combined with some form of controlled cow traffic to minimize the time spend on fetching cows to milking and to increase the milking frequency. By restricting the hours spent on pasture per day you optimise the AM system use during pasture period. A reason for this is becuase cows do not return to the stable for milking during night which cause that the milking unit stands empty those hours. In organic production it is required that the cows should be able to graze a certain amount of daily dry matter (DM) intake on the pasture. In the county of Dalarna where the farm is located the yield of the pasture is about 3000 kg DM per grazing season and hectar.This means that the pasture area should be 14,25 hectare to 57 milking cows.

Abstract This paper discusses protectionism of intellectual property rights in general and the conflict between large pharmaceutical companies? rights to patent and developing countries? rights to cheap generic preparation in particular. The essay focuses above all on HIV/AIDS medicine. The description tries to give an image of the different interests that collide and why they collide. The different actors are above all the pharmaceutical branch, including researchers, inventors and salesmen with their economic interest of revenue, and the population of the development countries and their pressed situation considering the great need of medicine.

Många små- och medelstora företag har idag en hemsida. För att en hemsida skall vara ett effektivt kommunikationsmedium med kunder krävs dock att den är uppdaterad. Vi anser att många företag ej förutser vilka resurser som krävs för att hålla sidan uppdaterad. Vi vill därför kartlägga vilka problem företag i dagsläget upplever att de har med sitt uppdateringsarbete. Vi vill därefter se om det finns en möjlig lösning i verktyget Smelink WEB ifrån Smelink AB, som säger sig underlätta webbnärvaron för denna typ av företag. För att undersöka ovanstående frågeställning har vi valt att gå ut med en enkätundersökning rörande hur uppdateringsarbetet går till i två grupper av företag. Den ena företagsgruppen använder sig utav Smelinks verktyg och i den andra företagsgruppen vet vi ej hur uppdateringsarbetet går till. Då vi sammanställt resultatet kunde vi konstatera att det ej fanns några omfattande problem rörande uppdateringsarbetet hos de företag som vi undersökt.

Background: Officers in the Swedish Armed Forces educates their soldiers in various skills and arenas. The Officers get their educational training in officer training courses conducted by the Swedish Armed Forces or the Swedish national defence college. The aim of this study was to find out how the cadets, belive that they are formed into educators, their views on the literature being used in the Swedish armed Forsces, and their views on leadership and educational science.Methods: The data for analysis were collected in spring 2010, by use of a questionnaire among cadets studying the tactical/operational program Ta/Op 07/10 at the Swedish national defence college. The respons rate was 69, 6 %.Results: The majority of the cadets thought that experience was the most important factor in becoming a good educator. Most of the cadets also thought that the literature being used by the Swedish armed forces was good, however, few cadets stated that they will use the material for reflection on their own teaching when working as officers.Conclusions: The Cadets had a positive attitude towards the educational philosphy and literature being used, but few will use the literature in reflecting on themselves as teachers.

To measure losses in a transformer with today?s methods is either slow or insecure. There s a new method developed by Alstom that hasn't been actualize in to a test-system and that has been the assignment in this project. The idea is built on a switched system and a CLR- circuit in the resonant frequency. The test-system has a calculated power-loss that make the efficiency to be as high as 99,8% and in reality over 95%.

Tomo Hugglink (TOMO Skog) is an innovation for harvest and transport of biofuels. The system consists of a truck, a chipping unit and crane mounted on a link and a wood chip trailer. The system works in such a way that the chipping unit is disconnected and placed on the site and wood chips are loaded directly into the wood chip trailer.The aim of this study was:- To examine the performance of the TOMO Hugglink system under different conditions such as the size, placement and quality of the pile.- To calculate the cost per raw ton for two vehicle combinations at different transport distances and to examine the effect of a reduction in set-up time and an increase in load weight.- To identify possible improvements with the TOMO Hugglink system.A time study was conducted within the thesis work to make it possible to determine production and time consumption. In the subsequent economic analysis the cost per tone at different transport distances was calculated for two different lorry concepts. Furthermore the effect of a reduction in set-up time and an increase in load weight was calculated.Under current conditions the utilization of the chipper is low and only 29 % of the total system time is occupied by chipping.

The purpose of this essay is to investigate how employers? rights to give employees notice because of illness are regulated in Swedish working life. This essay consists of two parts. The first part is jurisprudential and based on traditional juristic method. The second part entails the discipline Sociology of Law and is based on a qualitative survey consisting of two interviews.

Arbetsmarknaden i Silicon Valley karakteriseras av faktorer som hög personalomsättning, nätverkande och risktagande. Denna arbetsmarknad har vuxit fram på en begränsad geografisk yta och består idag ca 7 500 företag. Mjärdevi Science Park är en av de snabbast växande teknikparkerna i världen, varför vi anser att en jämförelse av de båda arbetsmarknaderna är intressant. Syftet är att med utgångspunkt från de faktorer som karakteriserar arbetsmarknaden i Silicon Valley, genomföra en jämförelse med arbetsmarknaden i Mjärdevi Science Park. Denna uppsats kommer inte att behandla vad det är som gör en teknikpark ekonomiskt framgångsrik.

Den här studien beskriver en konflikt kring en bergvärmetrend för bostadsrättsföreningar som uppstått i Uppsala under hösten 2010 och våren 2011. Konfliktens parter är å ena sidan bostadsrättsföreningar som valt att satsa på bergvärme för att i första hand minska sina uppvärmningskostnader från fjärrvärmen. Å andra sidan majoriteten i Uppsala kommuns miljö- och hälsoskyddsnämnd som är oroliga för trendens miljömässiga effekter, framförallt för elförsörjningen, och förespråkar fjärrvärme. Utifrån två teoretiska perspektiv har jag satt konflikten kring bergvärmetrenden i ett större historiskt och samhälleligt sammanhang. Jag har prövat möjligheten att se konflikten som en konflikt kring fjärrvärme som ett stort tekniskt system med referens till teknikhistorikern Thomas B. Hughes.

The topic of this master thesis in legal science is state law and constitutional law, or more specific judicalization, with the division of power and thus increased individual legal rights in various forms. Sweden has traditionally had a weak constitutional protection for the individual?s legal rights. The public power has been concentrated to the government and the courts have only played a marginal role. Since the implementation of the European convention of legal rights and with the ever-increasing importance of the legal system of the European Union, the Swedish legal system gone through changes of historical dimensions.This master thesis is based on the legal dogmatic method where laws, preparatory work, case law and doctrines have been systemized.

The print- and mailroom at Gefle Dagblad (GD-tyck) is handling an increasing amount of commercial jobsalong with the newspaper production. Investments have above all been done in the mailroom to be able tooffer commercial costumers a higher degree of finishing and there are plans to expand further in the commercialmarket. GD-tryck is of the opinion that they need to secure the quality of their production to be ableto do such expansion, which is the reason why a quality system of some kind may be appropriate. Howeverthere are no plans to certify such a quality system according to ISO 9001:2000.In this exam report the present methods of working have been analysed from a quality perspective.Suggestions on how GD-tryck should be working with quality development is presented in the fields whereshortage of quality has been discovered. The suggestions taken together do not form a quality system butcan be looked at as ideas of approach to quality fields that have to be developed if a working quality systemshall be accomplished.Many of the quality fields that have been discussed do not have anything to do with technical qualitydirectly but are in some degree requirements for a working quality system.

This rapport contains an examination of the energy consumption of a kindergarten, which areas that have the largest impact on the energy consumption and what can be done to reduce those areas in ways that are relatively easy and profitable. It is also analyzed if it is possible to reduce the energy consumption from today?s consumption to a consumption that fulfils the demands placed on low energy houses by FEBY.The focus has been on reducing the energy consumption of the areas ventilation, heating system and hot water system, since those seemed to be the easiest ones to affect and since the building is quite recently built.There are different kinds of ventilation systems, at the moment the building have a CAV-system, which means that the ventilation is too high during large parts of the day. There are different ways to manage the ventilation system, for example presence detection, humidity sensors, CO2 sensors, temperature sensors and season adjustment. Many of those are in the end dependent on CO2 sensors to guarantee a good indoor climate, therefore the focus have been placed on this system.

In this report a systematic working procedure for risk classification of processing equipment from a maintenance point of view is described. How this system has been worked out is also an important part of the report. The classification system is adapted for use in complex processing plants. Preemraff Göteborg has been subject for the underlying study and application of the system.The system aims to give a good overview of the maintenance related risks at the plant. Furthermore, the analysis result is a good motivation for the suggested maintenance activities and as motivation for extended or decreased maintenance resources in total.