AbstractMotor sports have been around as long as motor vehicles have been. Sports are often seen as costly polluter but in the same time the motor sports have encourages a large part of development, both for vehicles and other industries. Inventions like rear mirror and ABS brakes come from motor sports. One way to once again drive development forward while making motor sports carbon-neutral is to run the race cars on hydrogen. In this thesis, the goal is to convert a spark ignition engine for hydrogen operation.

The escalating usage of pyrethroids has resulted in an increased awareness about resistance towards pyrethroids in insects. Pyrethroids inhibit voltage-sensitive sodium channels (VSSC) in nerve cell membranes and are composed of synthetic molecules based on pyrethrins present in pyrethrum extracts from Chrysanthemum species. VSSC are transmembrane proteins that are important for electric signalling over the membrane in insects. Mutations in the gene encoding the sodium channel have proved to be a common reason for resistance against pyrethroids. Pyrethroid resistance among pollen beetles is spread all over Sweden and also abroad and is increasing.

Due to increasing regulations regarding new diesel vehicles particulate matteremissions the new Scania truck, Scania Euro 6, has been equipped with a particulatefilter. This component effectively stores the particles in the exhaust gas but must becleaned in order to prevent itself from clogging. The filter is cleaned through aprocess named regeneration which is a thermodynamic process in which thetemperature of the filter is raised through fuel supplied to the exhaust gas.The purpose of this thesis is to contribute to the development of improved controlstrategies of the temperature during the regeneration process through thedevelopment of model-based controllers. These controllers are designed in order tohave good performance in stationary as well as automatic regeneration.In order to develop these model-based controllers a model of the system isconstructed. The model is described as a linear thermodynamic grey-box model withflow varying parameters, showing good results in validation.The model provides a simulation environment during the controller design, which isfocused around the development of linear regulators with the exhaust gas mass flowas a scheduling variable whose size determines controllers? mode of operation.

AbstractConsequence analysis ?worst case scenario? at Mälarhamnar AB VästeråsDavid DotzskyMälarhamnar AB is a company that handle large amounts of oil, diesel, biofuel and petrol. That result in a lot of work to prevent accidents. The risks with modern technology is very small but it can?t be eliminated.

Through extensive research it has shown that today?s sail boat owners are very frustrated concerning the limited choice of engine alternatives offered by today?s market. Besides rising fuel-costs, environmental awareness is very important in today?s society. Hence it is vital to find alternative environmental-friendly motors and replace combustion-engines. Zilent Ocean is an extensive project within Development engineering program at Halmstad University.

Native spider silk is an attractive lightweight natural polymeric material with a unique combination of strength, extendibility and flexibility. Synthetic, recombinant spider silk is an attractive biomaterial with several possible fields of application. When a foreign material is introduced to blood, this can for example cause unwanted coagulation and complement activation. The aim of this study was to investigate if coatings of heparin or albumin could improve the blood compatibility of films of recombinant spider silk and to develop an initial method to do so. Hypothetically, objects like pacemakers, stents and dental implants could be covered with spider silk films of high blood compatibility to reduce potentially harmful foreign body reactions caused by the immune defense. Increased blood compatibility would likely lead to improvements for both the individual patients and the society thanks to reduced load on healthcare institutions. Our objective was to assess the blood compatibility of both functionalized and non-functionalized recombinant spider silk by evaluating coagulation and activation of the complement system of the immune defense. Coagulation was evaluated visually on glass slides and complement activation was analyzed by measuring the concentration of the complement system mediator C3a in blood samples that had been exposed to the different materials. This study introduces a non-toxic and easy performed method of improving the blood compatibility of recombinant spider silk films by adding a heparin coating. Heparin coated surfaces had statistically significantly higher blood compatibility than uncoated surfaces. The effects of albumin coating of films were less clear compared to the results of heparin coated films. Complement activation could not be evaluated because of high activation in all samples prior contact with the materials that were included in the study..

Idag domineras bränsleanvändningen av bensin och diesel i fordon. Användningen av bensin minskar till förmån för nya energibärare. De nya energibärare som tas upp i rapporten är batterier, etanol, E85, metanol, biodiesel, biogas, vätgas, naturgas, LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) och DME (Dimetyleter). Av de nya energibärarna är det idag E85 som är mest använt i Sverige, följt av batterier inom hybridteknologin och metangas. De nya energibärarna har egenskaper som skiljer sig från de vanliga bränslena, bensin och diesel.

Changes in the environment are affecting the world market, and pressures from several stakeholders? are forcing different enterprises to adjust to the current situation. Farmers? difficult working conditions and environmental impacts of the conventional cotton production in India have been highlighted. The small-scale production that is characterising India?s cotton farmers implies an insufficient competition power.

Regulations on the exhaust emissions of HD-diesel engines are becoming more and more stringent, and therefore, emission after-treatment systems are commonly used. These systems rely on catalytic conversion of NOx,CO , and HC emissions, and are thus dependant on temperature. At low load of the engine, exhaust temperatures are not sufficient for the after-treatment components. Therefore, means to increase the exhaust temperature while maintaining low emissions and fuel consumption are needed.The focus of this project has been to develop strategies for the lift profiles of exhaust and intake valves in the engine, with the goal to raise exhaust temperature in combination with low emissions and fuel consumption. The strategies have been tested in a single-cylinder research engine equipped with a hydraulic variable valve actuation system.

Vid konstruktion och tillverkning av motorer idag finns flera krav att tillgodose i form av lång livslängd, låga utsläpp samt liten bränsleförbrukning. Dieselmotorn har högre verkningsgrad än bensinmotorn men problemet med dieselmotorn är i form av utsläpp där lagstiftningen blir allt strängare. En del av utsläppen från dieselmotorn kan bero på smörjoljan och olika motorer och ytor uppvisar olika mängd oljeförbrukning. Denna kan även variera mellan samma modell av motor. Ett sätt att få ner oljeförbrukningen och variationen av denna är att mäta ytan och säkerställa att denna är optimal för dess funktion.

St. John?s wort extract is composed of a large number of components, about 150, but the most studied and interesting substance are hyperforin and hypericin. The herb is very popular and it is known for its pharmacological efficacy in numerous disorders. It is used for treatment of mild to moderated depression as an alternative to synthetic antidepressants.

Syftet med examensarbetet har varit den fortsatta utvecklingen mot en tvåtakts motkolvsmotorsom fungerar med hjälp av HCCI-förbränning. Arbetet har haft två övergripande mål. Det förstahar varit att ta fram en stabil testplatform för motortester genom att förbereda en motorprovcellhos avdelningen för förbränningsmotorteknik på KTH. Det andra delmålet har varit att utnyttjadenna testplatform för att utveckla en repeterbar, pålitlig och jämn tvåtaktsförbränning och sedantesta användandet av HCCI-drift.HCCI-förbränning är fördelaktigt då verkningsgraden är högre än för en ottomotor och utsläppenminskas i jämförelse med en diesel-motor. Nackdelen med användandet av HCCI är attprocessen är svårstyrd.

Transient driftförhållande blir allt mer intressant för forskare och tillverkare och de största svårigheterna är att minska emissionerna utan att påverka bränsleförbrukningen eller motorns respons vid gaspådrag negativt. Huvudmålet med det här examensarbetet var utvärdera olika metoder för att mäta NOx och antal partiklar med hög tidsupplösning för att möjliggöra studier av emissioner under transient driftförhållande.I arbetet har en Horiba MEXA 120NOx NOx-sensor studerats med avseende på linearitet, mätsäkerhet och responstid. Försök för att öka noggrannheten har också gjorts genom att kompensera för varierande skalfaktor för utsignalen och för responstiden.Ett spädsytem har arbetats fram för att ge hög tidsupplösning och god repeterbarhet. I detta ingick en Rotating Disc spädare och en två-stegs Dekati spädare. Spädsystemet var kopplat till en TSI Ultrafine Condensation Particle Counter 3025 A (CPC) och var nödvändigt för att hålla koncentrationen inom det mätbara området.

The purpose of the project has been to work out recommendations that reduce the energy-related costs and environmental impact of HPW Fresh & Dry Ltd., a fruit drying factory in Ghana. The factory produces electricity with diesel and biogas but also purchases electricity from the national electricity company. Heat for the drying process is produced from biogas, kerosene and solar panels. In the project the energy system was analyzed by measuring production and consumption of heat and electricity. The project results show that the factory can become self-sufficient on heat if the available energy is used more efficient. The production units for both electricity and heat have low efficiencies.

Arbetet är en energianalys av gravstenstillverkning där energiförbrukningen för hela livscykeln redovisas. Analysen gäller en så kallad funktionell enhet som består av gravsten och sockel av vångagranit som levereras till en kyrkogård i Malmö. Ett svenskt stenhuggeri har hjälpt till med att ta fram data för de olika tillverkningsmomenten. Förutom uppgifter om själva tillverkningen har även kompletterande uppgifter inhämtats som gäller till exempel transporter och inköpt material. Jämförelse görs mellan fyra olika bearbetningar av den funktionella enheten.