Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) är en routingteknik som blir allt vanligare i dagens nätverk. Vid implementation av MPLS i nätverk är det grundläggande att hårdvaran har tillräckligt hög prestanda för att hantera tekniken. Om så inte är fallet kan det leda till negativa konsekvenser såsom paketförluster eller i värsta fall att routern havererar. Syftet med arbetet var att ta reda på hur processorbelastningen på en router skiljer sig när MPLS var implementerat jämfört med traditionell IP-routing. Routingprotokollen BGP, OSPF och RIP användes tillsammans med de olika routingteknikerna för att se vilket av dessa som krävde minst processorkraft.För att ta reda på hur processorbelastningen påverkades skapades en experimentmiljö.

Global warming is a huge issue that humans have contributed to through over-exploitation of natural resources and extensive usage of fossil fuels. Now more than ever, we need to embrace a recycle thinking and reuse our waste, for example through producing biogas from our food waste. The purpose of this report was therefore to identify the energy usage and emissions resulting from the biogas chain which spans from Solna Stad to Uppsala Vatten. Furthermore, potential efficiency improvements were to be identified and proposed. This report focused mainly on the first part of the biogas chain that includes the collection of the food waste and the reloading process.

When different type of programs are developed one wants to make these adjustable to future changes and requirements. It must be done a good design of the program from the beginning to make it possible to continue development of it without having to redo big parts of it to high costs. In the area of object orientation there are design pattern, which can be used to design systems that can be adjusted to new changes in an easier way. I have in this thesis chosen to take a closer look at how to design a program that sends SMS to cell phones through a system of an operator. One requirement on the program is that it has to be possible to change what operator to send though in an easy way.

Detta examensarbete belyser fenomenet kodväxling som kommunikativ strategi hos en grupp gymnasieelever med svenska som modersmål och svenska som andraspråk, vid samtal på engelska. Med en sociokulturell syn på kunskap och lärande och med språkanvändning som förargument, antogs en samtalsanalytisk inriktning med avsikt att studera form och funktioner för kodväxling. För att belysa det som sker i ett samtal mellan dessa elever och konkret ge exempel på olika former och funktioner för kodväxling genomfördes både en ljud-och videoinspelning med eleverna i två omgångar följt av en transkribering av det inspelade materialet. Det centrala materialet i studien har därför sin grund i transkriberingen och bygger ur metodologisk synpunkt på samtalsanalytiska aspekter som på kommunikativa strategier. Studien visar att deltagarna använde kodväxling för en mängd olika funktioner där målet var att få fram sitt budskap.

A power system will inevitably be subjected to transient overvoltages, most often produced by Switching operations and lightning strikes. These transient overvoltages may harm sensitive equipment without sufficient protection, but it is not an easy task to predict what transients may occur or how they affect the system. A fault occurred in a low voltage system at Forsmark 2012 and overvoltages from lightning were concluded as the probable cause. The three aims with this thesis are to develop and test a model of the power system at Forsmark 3, analyse the transient behaviour of the system when subjected to lightning surges and identify critical parameters, and lastly to provide a tool for investigating the protection of the system. The modelling and simulations were performed in the freely available simulation program LT Spice.

 This thesis is based upon the assumption that in Swedish school today it is a wide gap regarding the information flow when pupils are Switching school. This was one of the reasons Skolverket published a report clearly stating that this is the case. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and describe how teachers are working in a teacher team at transitions to see and understand what their work may mean individually, in a group and to the school as an organisation. The questions at issue is to see how the teachers cooperate during transitions and how they notice students in need of extra support and students level of knowledge during transitions. The two last questions at issue is first to see how teachers approach parent?s expectations on the school and the teachers, secondly it is to examine what implications their work will have on the school.

 With the increases in fuel costs due to the depletion of the world oil reserves and the increase of greenhouse gasses as a consequence to using oil as a fuel many companies are looking to new and innovative ways to power their aircraft. One of these new ways to power an aircraft is using fuel cells powered using hydrogen and oxygen, thus producing nothing but water vapour and small amounts of nitrogen dioxide as well as trace amounts of other emissions. Both Boeing (1) and Politecnico di Torino (2) have shown that it is possible to build an all-electric aircraft powered by fuel cells. Both flights used small, two-seater aircraft and a constant between them was the loss of the co-pilot seat due to weight and lack of space. As this paper will deal with a commercial aircraft a primary concern is the cargo and passenger capacity and whatever impact Switching propulsion system has on these.

To be able to hinder the global warming the emissions of greenhouse gases, carbon dioxide foremost, must decrease. By Switching to green electricity, it is possible to reduce the emissions from electricity producing sources.In 1999, Swedenergy conducted a study about whether or not Swedish households would consider buying green electricity. According to the study, about 75 percent were willing to buy green electricity. 40 percent of these were prepared to pay a premium for green electricity. However, according to the results from the study, only one percent actually bought green electricity, and since 1999, this proportion has merely increased slightly.

I have chosen to write this essay on language development in a preparatory class due to the fact that I live in a city where diversity is big and newly arrived students from different countries are constantly increasing in schools. My study has been made in a preparatory class in Södertälje. The National Agency for Education highlights the deficiencies in preparatory classes and believes that education is not adapted to each student's knowledge and maturity and it is therefore difficult for students to reach the goals in school. According to studies by the National Agency for Education, it appears that many newly arrived students do not recieve study guide in their native language, a resource that they are entitled to. Teachers and principals do not take charge of  students knowledge from previous school attendance in their home countries such as mathematics, history and other subjects.

Denna uppsats försöker besvara frågeställningen varför en del studenter vid Karlstads universitet väljer att ta ut sin examen vid något annat lärosäte. Vi belyser bytesprocessen som leder respondenterna i undersökningen fram till ett faktiskt byte, från det att tanken föds, till att studenten etablerar sig vid ett nytt lärosäte. Med hjälp av djupintervjuer hittar vi anledningar till varför byten sker, antingen av praktiska skäl eller så är det tron att en examen från ett äldre lärosäte, med högre status, ger ett försprång in i karriären.Utifrån teorier som valts inom exempelvis relationsmarknadsföring, image, kundnöjdhet och bytesbeteende- framför allt SPAT (Switching Path Analysis Technique) analyserar vi informationen och underbygger resultaten. Längs undersökningens gång har vi modifierat SPAT-modellen och lagt till flera variabler. Detta för att den ska passa in på just bytesprocessen hos högskolestuderande, vilket har givit oss en tydligare bild över processen.Det framkommer tydligt under studiens gång att flera av studenterna väljer att byta universitet för att ta ut sin examen vid ett universitet med i deras ögon högre status.

One of ABB Power Systems´s business areas is HVDC (High Voltage Direct Current) technology. HVDC is used for transmissions for both short and long distances. One of Power Systems?s products is called HVDC Light. HVDC Light is a relatively new technology for power transmission, but have before only been used for motor drives applications.

This thesis describes how a cost reduction project was done on the Packsize ondemand packing machine EM7. The cost reduction was achieved by making minorredesigns of the EM7.The project began by studying the EM7´s structure and function by working on itsassembly line. A short literature study on the subject Design for Manufacturing wasalso done.By working on the assembly line and by speaking with staff from production anddevelopment departments, a number of ideas for reducing manufacturing costs arose.Estimations of the potential cost reduction size for each proposal were done incollaboration with vendors and the purchasing department. Based on the size of the cost reduction, technical risk, impact on the assembly lineand the development time the various proposals were ranked. The two highestranked proposals were selected for further development towards finished solutions.One of the ideas that were selected to develop in to a finished solution meant thatsome of the pneumatic valves were replaced with others.

This research overview examines what research says about upper secondary school students' difficulties with complex numbers. The three main areas covered are general difficulties with complex numbers, how to teach the subject, and whether the history of complex numbers can be beneficial in this teaching. A historical deep dive into the history of complex numbers is also included to further investigate this idea. The results show that upper secondary school students struggle with complex numbers in various ways. The name of the subject creates a negative connotation, as it is initially perceived by students as fictional and complicated. Furthermore, a consequence of the inherently abstract nature of complex numbers is that gaining a comprehensive understanding of them is challenging.

The purpose of my study is using a narrative approach from a student perspective through the feelings that show the cultural encounters of immigrant students with the Swedish school. I want through my study have an understanding of how students are affected in their interaction with the Swedish culture. I also want to analyze and understand their feelings and experiences. Are emotions negative or positive? My theoretical framework includes the following concepts: Emotions, treatment, ethnicity, identity and code-Switching.An important element of my study is to understand students' emotional experiences.

The environmental work in Sweden has developed a lot over the past fifty years. Today, most companies have some kind of environmental work. Environmental activities are regulated by the Environmental Code, which applies in parallel with other laws. This report is an environmental review for Bräcke Diakoni. The report aims to find out how much environmental impact Bräcke Diakoni has.