SAMMANFATTNINGSjukhusinfektioner förlänger vårdtiden och fördyrar vården samt innebär ett ökat lidande för patienten. Urinvägsinfektion (UVI) är den vanligaste vårdrelaterade infektionen. Behandling med kateter à démeur (KAD) är omfattande inom akutsjukvården. KAD anses vara den främsta orsaken till vårdrelaterad UVI.Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva faktorer i sjuksköterskans arbete som påverkar incidensen för utvecklandet av kateterassocierad UVI.Underlaget för resultatet utgörs av 24 vetenskapliga artiklar som på manuell och systematisk väg söktes i databaser. Analysen av artiklarna resulterade i sju ämnesområden som utgör delarna i resultatet.

ABSTRACTAbout 17% of all deliveries in Akademiska Sjukhuset end with caesarean section. The purpose of the survey was to study parental pairs experience to undergo a caesarean section and experience of information about surgery. The aim was also to see if there were differences between those undergoing a planned or an emergency caesarean section, as well as differences between the birthing women and their partners. 100 couples participated in the study and answered a questionnaire 1-3 days after they had undergone surgery. The result showed that the vast majority of parental pairs were satisfied with the information they received before the caesarean section.

The aim of this literature review was to investigate whether the modern dairy cow has the time she needs to lie down and to sleep and what deprivation of these behaviors could lead to. Current research seems to agree on the fact that sleep is essential but there is no uniform explanation of the function of sleep, even though there are many theories. It is known that sleep has an important impact on the immune system and that sleep is increased in case of an infection. Sleep deprivation causes many negative effects including reduced function off the immune defense, increased metabolic activity, malnutrition and increased heart rate. It has also been found that deprivation of sleep could cause increased mortality.

The harbour in Arvika is closed down and the industry that has been established in the area is now beeing wound up. A deepened comprehensive plan for the area is under progress in the municipality. The intentions are for instance that the harbour should be integrated with the city and that Arvika is facing a lake should be more apparent from the city center. The harbour should also contribute to a more attractive city. These intentions have hence been the starting point of my undergraduate theses, which has resulted in a proposal on how to develop the harbour. During the process I have analysed the city image, how the area is used today and the public places in the city centre.

Foot rot is a severe claw disease which occurs among sheep and goats in most parts of the world, with outbreaks in hot and humid weather. It is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Dichelobacter nodosus in association with Fusobacterium necrophorum. Foot rot has a negative impact on both animal welfare and economy.This thesis presents how Australia, Nepal, Norway, Switzerland, Great Britain, Sweden and Uruguay handle foot rot. In the selection of countries the focus was on countries that have control- or eradication programs against foot rot. There are differences in the climate, animal husbandry practices, animal welfare and economic resources in the countries that are presented.

Background: Abortion implies that the pregnancy is interrupted. According to the World Health Organization approximately 46 million induced abortions are carried out each year. Different methods of abortion can be used such as medical and surgical methods. The medical method especially affects a nurse?s experience of the procedure.

Lilja, C & Svensson, K. Omvårdnad vid neutropeni orsakat av cytostatika. En litteraturstudie. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö Högskola: Hälsa och samhälle, Utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2008. Neutropeni är en allvarlig komplikation hos patienter som behandlas med cytostatika och är förenat med risk för vårdrelaterade infektioner och sepsis som kan vara livshotande.

The Lodgepole pines susceptibility to Heterobasidion spp. was investigated in three parts ofthis study. In the first part, discs from freshly cut stumps were collected and analyzed to seeif the fungi can spread and grow naturally in Lodgepole pine stands. In the second part, rootsamples were collected from Lodgepole pines planted in former infected Norway sprucestands to see if the fungi can spread through root contacts. For the third part, new stumpswas created and artificially infected with spores of both the S?type (H.

Milk yield levels in dairy cows are influenced by many factors such as nutrition, breed, health status, management and environment. This study was conducted among small scale farmers in Zambia, where the climate can be dry for up to six months per year and cause a lack of green pasture for livestock and on-farm produced feed. The purpose of this study was to identify management factors that can influence milk yield at small scale dairy farms in Zambia, and present advice that could improve productivity, without the need of expensive investments. The study included semi-structured questionnaires presented to the farmers (n=29) including questions about cattle management and milk production. Testing of somatic cell count (SCC) with DCC (DeLaval Cell Counter) from herd milk samples (n=56) and observation of housing and animal body condition on-farm was also made.

Background Anesthesia-related deaths are common in dogs, especially in the postoperative period, in compare to humans. This study aims to describe and elucidate the qualities of the postoperative care for dogs in Sweden. Method To investigate the postoperative care, a qualitative study was made by interviewing personnel in the animal health care sector. The primary information from the interviews was analyzed in a qualitative manor and a few distinguished qualities came forth. Results These qualities describe the postoperative care and include preventive activities, postoperative activities, monitoring and communication. A variation in regards to the results was seen between the interviewed.

Syftet med föreliggande studie var att redogöra för hälso- och sjukvårdspersonalens följsamhet till hygienföreskrifter avseende handhygien och de faktorer som påverkar detta. Metod: Artiklar söktes via CINAHL, Pubmed och Scopus. Sökord som användes i olika kombinationer var: hand hygiene, adherence, hygiene guidelines, health care workers, compliance, hand disinfection, infection control, nursing, nurse och hand cleansing. Tretton vetenskapliga artiklar erhölls. Vidare gjordes en manuell sökning ifrån inkluderade artiklars referenslistor och genererade två artiklar som ingick i resultatet.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrundDe allt kortare vårdtiderna inom sjukvården ställer höga krav på patientinformationen som ges pre- och postoperativt. Forskning visar att patienternas informationsbehov inte alltid överensstämmer med mängden information som ges. Patienter upplever ofta att informationen som ges är otillräcklig och saknar relevans. God pre- och postoperativ information har många fördelar, då den leder till såväl ökad trygghet som bättre förutsättningar i det postoperativa förloppet. SyfteSyftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur kirurgiska patienter vid en hudmottagning och en urokirurgisk vårdavdelning uppfattade den pre- och postoperativa information de fick i samband med kirurgi. DesignStudien var en enkätstudie med kvantitativ ansats och inkluderade 30 respondenter. ResultatResultatet visade att huvuddelen av patienterna uppgav att de hade läst den skriftliga informationen de fick. De hade också uppfattat att informationen var lättillgänglig.

There are many different recommendations on how to keep pelargoniums over winter, but most of the recommendations suggest ?the higher the temperature, the more light and water the pelargonium needs?. The purpose with this paper is to try to explain the best and the worst results that are achieved with different storage alternatives of zonal pelargoniums. The results are based on an orientating investigation carried out in January-February, and a questionnaire that members of the Swedish Pelargonium Society answered to. Both the orientating investigation and the questionnaire showed that zonal pelargoniums are best stored light and cold but frost free. They should be irrigated according to their needs which is when the soil is dry, about every second to third week. Zonal pelargoniums are very resistant to drought and can survive without water for at least 44 days, both when kept under light and cold as well as under light and warm.

Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka vad som publicerats angående vilka metoder sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av för att förhindra spridning av meticillinresistenta Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) i sjukhusmiljöer. Bakgrund: Infektioner orsakade av MRSA gör MRSA till en av de största utmaningarna i modern sjukhusmiljö runt om i världen. Dominerande är att smittan sprids från patient till patient genom vårdpersonalens händer eller förorenade handskar. I enlighet med gällande riktlinjer är sjuksköterskan skyldig att förebygga smitta. Metod: Litteraturstudie med artiklar från primärkällor. Dessa granskades med Willmans granskningsmall. Resultat: Totalt identifierades och beskrevs fyra olika teman. 1.

BakgrundGod va?rdhygien kan reducera antalet va?rdrelaterade infektioner med en tredjedel och med dagens kunskaper ga?r det med enkla medel att iaktta de fo?rha?llningsregler som a?r no?dva?ndiga fo?r att sa?kersta?lla en god va?rdhygien. A?nda? fo?ljs ofta inte hygienrutiner.SyfteAtt belysa vilka faktorer som underla?ttar att va?rdpersonal pa? va?rdavdelningar pa? sjukhus fo?ljer basala hygienrutiner.MetodStudiens design a?r en deskriptiv litteraturstudie. Denna metod valdes fo?r att utforska det aktuella kunskapsla?get inom omra?det.