Introduction: A big part of the patients that recently has gone through operation at surgical units experiences pain in different scales after their operation. Untreated postoperative pain has been proved in different studies to increase to risk medical complications, longer rehabilitation, more days at the hospital and higher expenses for the hospital. One of the nurses? main tasks is to notice and relieve the pain of the patients. To engage the patients more in the medical process and make the nurses´ work more person-centered could make an impact on the postoperative pain and contribute to a better pain relief.

Surgical site infections are a recurrent problem in veterinary medicine. A 2-5 % infection rate in clean surgery has been reported. During the last years the increase in methicillin resistant staphylococci has also taken its toll on veterinary medicine, demanding a stricter hygiene and antibiotic regime. The 2008 outbreak of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at the University animal hospital, Swedish University of Agriculture indicated that that the MRSA problem was now a real, possibly zoonotic problem.Since the first dog, in Sweden, was diagnosed as a carrier of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) in a study in 2006, the infection rate by this bacterium has increased. In 2009 (January 1st - December 2nd) the National Veterinary Institute (SVA) has identified 58 samples as MRSP positive.

Som operationssjuksköterskor med lång erfarenhet av operationssjukvård har diskussioner kring munskyddets vara eller icke vara funnits, huruvida munskyddet verkligen skyddar patienten mot postoperativ infektion, eller varför munskydd egentligen behövs. I rollen som operationssjuksköterska ingår ett ansvar för patientens säkerhet, däribland ingår att se till att hygienrutiner följs.Om en patient får en postoperativ infektion orsakar det ett extra stort lidande för patienten, vilket även kan innebära att vårdtiden blir längre. Om operationssjuksköterskor kan undvika detta lidande för patienten genom att använda och hantera skyddsutrustningen i form av munskydd på rätt sätt uppnås ett av målen på operationssalen. Problemformuleringen är: på vilka vetenskapliga grunder rekommenderas användandet av munskydd? Syftet med studien är att beskriva på vilka grunder munskydd bör användas på operation.Metoden är litteraturstudie som är en litteraturöversikt.

Elective joint surgery increases for every year and the operations are associated with postoperative pain. Postoperative pain is a well known phenomenon and pain physiology and analgesics are well known by caregivers, but the significance of the interaction between patient and caregiver is not illuminated. There are still patients experiencing unnecessary postoperative pain. Among patients in elective surgery, 25% runs a risk for underestimated pain. The aim of the study was to describe patient?s experiences of nursing interaction in the context of postoperative pain during hospitalisation after going through knee- or hiparthropasty.

Elective joint surgery increases for every year and the operations are associated with postoperative pain. Postoperative pain is a well known phenomenon and pain physiology and analgesics are well known by caregivers, but the significance of the interaction between patient and caregiver is not illuminated. There are still patients experiencing unnecessary postoperative pain. Among patients in elective surgery, 25% runs a risk for underestimated pain. The aim of the study was to describe patient?s experiences of nursing interaction in the context of postoperative pain during hospitalisation after going through knee- or hiparthropasty.

The aim of this study was to investigate the leaving care services provided to youth leaving residential care in Sweden. Through the use of qualitative research interviews residential care workers perception of what practical and emotional needs youth leaving care have, and whether current aftercare services meet these needs, were examined. The study further sought to compare the swedish and english leaving care services. The main findings of the study were that the residential care workers interviewed expressed that they had a good working relationship with the local social services and that they through the residential care services were able to provide some degree of aftercare. They further identified loneliness as the most prominent emotional need of youth had after leaving care.

Septic tenosynovitis involving the digital sheath is a relatively common problem in the horse and the prognosis has been considered as poor. However, there are only few studies confirming this. The purpose of this study is to increase the knowledge about the prognosis for septic tenosynovitis in the digital sheath. The literature indicates that half or a bit more than half of the treated horses will return to previous use. The recommended treatment is debridement of the wound, lavage and sometimes application of drains and broadspectrum antibiotics. The prognosis is considered as worse when the infection is established.

Introduction: Urinary retention is a common postoperative complication associated with bladder distension. Permanent damage to the bladder affects the patient?s quality of life and may lead to a lifelong inability to empty the bladder and needs of self-catheterization with the risk of urinary tract infection. Bladder distension was classified as the fourth largest health care related injury in Sweden in 2013. Bladder distension may occur before the operation starts and is more common among orthopedic patients.

The study aimed to evaluate picture communication during clinical as-sessment and intervention procedures in paediatric care. As part of the project KomHIT (Augmentative communication in paediatric health care settings) care professionals at different care units were provided with education and designed pictorial supports. These consisted of appointment letters with pictorial support, visual schedules and communication boards with both general and specific vocabulary. Care professionals and parents to children with and without communication disabilities participated. Survey data from care professionals and parents at five care units was supplemented with qualitative data from an interview with a multiprofessional group at one of the care units.

The aim of this study was to describe non-surgical treatment options for the diseases mucositis and peri-implantitis found in present literature. The literature review also illustrates the effect of the treatment opptions on soft tissue with mucositis and peri-implantitis surrounding dental implants. The study reviews twelve scientific articles that have been processed from the aim of the study. The result shows six therapy options, Er:YAG laser, air abrasive, ultrasonic device, hand instruments, hand instruments in combination with antibiotics and hand instruments in combination with clorhexidin. The following methods are described according to how they are used and how they affect the soft tissue surrounding dental implants.

As the ability to computerize processes and tasks increase, the proliferation of complex systems in our society continues. How these systems are deployed in the organizations where they are meant to be utilized has been shown to have a large impact on how well they function.In January of 2011 the Enköping hospital initiated the deployment of an IT-support for drug management, a module in the general health care system Cambio COSMIC. Other health care providers in the county, and in the rest of Sweden, have had mixed feelings toward the module. Some have outright refused the module, claiming that it is detrimental to patient safety. One of the arguments for deploying the module in Enköping, however, was that it was needed to improve patient safety.The Enköping hospital is considered to be a well organized institution with good leadership and earlier good experiences regarding IT-systems.

SAMMANFATTNING Detta examensarbete syftar till att kvalitetssäkra omvårdnaden av hästar med medicinsk kolik på djursjukhusens stationärvårdsavdelning. Genom att bidra med ett förslag till standardvårdplan för hästar med medicinsk kolik vill vi optimera hästens vård och omvårdnad under sjukhusvistelsen. Syftet med att arbeta med standardvårdplaner (SVP) är att skapa högkvalitativ omvårdnad, underlätta dokumentationsarbetet och i förlängningen kunna få mer tid till att se och vårda den enskilde patienten. Kolik är en åkomma med många olika samverkande faktorer, både miljöbetingade och eventuellt ärftliga Kolik i matsmältningskanalen delas ofta in i medicinsk- och kirurgisk kolik och i detta arbete läggs vikten på medicinsk kolik. Huvuddelen (~90 %) av all kolik kräver ingen kirurgi och tillhör därmed gruppen medicinsk kolik. Kolikavsnittet i arbetet är tänkt som en kunskapsöversikt över sjukdomstillståndet och ska användas som ett styrdokument för att trygga en kvalitativ basnivå på omvårdnaden. I standardvårdplanen har ett antal riskområden identifierats och därefter har riskdiagnoser, mål och åtgärder för att uppnå huvudmålet - en kolikfri patient, utarbetats. Därpå utvecklades kryssprotokoll för parametrar vid observation av kolikhäst och för smärtbedömning vid medicinsk kolik. Nyckelord: dokumentation, medicinsk kolik, omvårdnad, standardvårdplan SUMMARY This diploma work aims to assure the quality care of horses with medical colic on the veterinary hospital's stationary ward.

The purpose of this study was to look into the work of care organizers for elderly care, in three municipalities in southern Sweden, and how they use the law and local guidelines to evaluate the need for home care. The intention was to determine if presence of relatives makes a difference in the needs assessment and if the care organizers practice harmonize with the guidelines. To do this, we did a qualitative study alongside with analyzing each of the local guidelines. By interviewing five care organizers, we were able to see their side of elderly care and how they combine the law and local guidelines in their daily work with elderly care. Our main themes are, in short, the law and local guidelines, the view of care organizing and needs and also closeness to relatives.

Background:The adult inpatient psychiatric care is regulated by law and allows certain amount of coercion, most commonly restraint, forced medication and seclusion. To be treated according to this law you need to suffer from a serious mental disorder, oppose to the care and have an indispensable need of care. Many studies describe patients experiences to be treated with coercion but few about health care workers experiences.Aim:To describe health care workers experiences of performing coercion in psychiatric compulsory care.Method:A literature review was made and eight articles is the basis for the result.Results:From the articles used inthis study four themes were created. These are coercions impact on relations, health care workers feelings during coercion, coercion as a necessary evil and health care workers need for reflection. The themes are presented as headlines in the result.Conclusion:To use coercive measures brings out many different feelings among health care workers.

Palliative care is founded on a holistic attitude, with the goal to alleviate suffering when a cure is no longer possible. Palliative care affirms life and regards dying as a normal process, providing possibilities of a quality time for the patient and family. Studies show that an increasing number of people choose to live the final phase of their life in their own home. A requirement for end of life care is an effective team work, where the nurse is responsible for more advanced care, and the caregiver?s provides the immediate care.