This master thesis has been performed at the department of Machine Design at KTH, The Royal Institute of Technology. The thesis has been a part of a global development project in collaboration with Luleå University of Technology, Lund Faculty of Engineering and Stanford University. Corporate liaison and sponsor has been Immerse Global Inc. The project was also performed on sponsorship from the Product Innovation Engineering Program, PIEp. The thesis is a representation of some of the contributions made by the authors.The lack of clean drinking water is one of the key issues facing the world today.

Dagens moderna e-samhälle har inneburit stora förändringar för den vanliga individen. En av de största vardagsförändringarna är digitaliseringen av kommunikation. Analoga brev ersätts i allt större mån av digitala e-mail och analoga tidningar samt flygblad digitaliseras eller förmedlas genom hemsidor. Många är nog ense om att detta är något positivt. Att den tekniska utvecklingen bör främjas snarare än att motverkas.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: BCAA supplementation in patients undergoing resection for liver cancerAuthor: Mikael Semaan and Viktor SjölingSupervisor: Fredrik BertzExaminer: Frode SlindeProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: April 10, 2013BackgroundLiver cancer is the fifth most common cancer worldwide and the third largest to cause death. Protein-energy malnutrition is common in patients with liver disease and they often suffer from changes in the hepatic metabolism of nutrients and other substances. There is a basis for recommending BCAA supplementation in other certain liver diseases. Given the similar clinical picture of liver cancer surgery, it is possible that supplementation of BCAA can be beneficial for these patients as well.ObjectiveThe aim was to study the scientific basis for the effect of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) supplementation in liver cancer patients. Can it improve their recovery in terms of nutritional status and albumin levels, and does it changes the duration of hospital stay, after surgery?Search strategyFive extensive searches were performed on PubMed and Cochrane after appropriate study material.

Bakgrund   Sedan mitten av 1990-talet har dödligheten av hjärtinfarkt halverats tack vare forskning kring hjärt- och kärlsjukdomar. Då flera studier visar att många patienter som överlever en hjärtinfarkt upplever lågt välbefinnande behöver dessa stöd i sin återhämtningsprocess.Syfte Syftet var att belysa betydelsefulla faktorer vid bemötandet av patienter under återhämtningsprocessen efter hjärtinfarkt, detta ur ett patientperspektiv.Metod   En litteraturstudie har gjorts utifrån tio kvalitativt vetenskapliga artiklar  hämtade från databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Efter att kritiskt ha granskat artiklarnas resultat sammanfördes dessa i en översiktstabell. Utifrån detta identifierades återkommande nyckelord, vilka alla svarade på syftet, för att därefter sammanställas under fem kategorier.                              Resultat  De fem kategorier som framkom är: Kunskap och information, Acceptans och hanteringsstrategier, Den upplevda kroppen, Goda sociala relationer och Existentiell mening. Resultatet visar att patienter som överlevt en hjärtinfarkt är i stort behov av relevant kunskap och information, såväl verbal som skriftlig sådan.

In metabolism Mg plays an important role because it affects many cellular enzymes in the body. The energy metabolism and protein synthesis are dependent on Mg as an enzyme activator, Mg is also involved in the synthesis of RNA and DNA. Absorption of Mg primarily takes place over the ruminal epithelium in ruminants. The main storage of Mg is in the bones but that can only be reached if the cow is in great need of calcium or phosphorus, it's a hormonal regulated process that induces catabolism of bones. Free and available sources of Mg are found in soft tissues and in the extra cellular fluids that includes cerebrospinal fluids and blood.

The aim of this Master thesis was to examine news journalism covering expressions of mourning related to violent or unexpected deaths. What rituals for mourning are brought out in media and do media present guidance to how mourners should behave? The questions examined were: What characterised news events that leaded to texts on expressions of mourning? How was grief framed? Which narrative patterns were there in the texts? How was the deceased represented? How were the mourners represented? 165 texts, from Swedish daily newspapers, covering 93 different news events were analysed. The methods were mainly discourse analysis with focus on identities and relations, but also semiotic analysis with focus on staging and symbols and narrative analysis with focus on patterns for storytelling. The result showed that a news story about ordinary people expressing their feelings of grief has elements of melodrama. The news story is based on the myth of the victim, and formed as a typical story where equilibrium is disturbed when the inconceivable happens and the mourners can by their actions restore equilibrium.

Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr) is just like Norway spruce (Picea abies) a species in thegenus picea. The natural range of Sitka spruce is a narrow strip along the west coast of North America. Itis the most coastal of all picea species, and very dependent on the mild and humid climate along thepacific coast.Sitka spruce has been grown a long time in the countries around the North Sea, particularly in GreatBritain where it currently is the most important species in British forestry. Sitka spruce has not beenplanted in Swedish forests to any large extent before the storm Gudrun in 2005. Several studies indicatethat the production of wood biomass is higher for Sitka spruce compared to Norway spruce.

Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Trans fatty acids from ruminants - and its effect on blood lipidprofile in healthy men and womenAuthor: Sophie Berg and Sara KarlssonSupervisor: Henriette PhilipsonExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 23, 2012BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in Sweden. It is well known that thereis a link between high consumption of industrial trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease, buthow natural trans fatty acids affect us remains uncertain.ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to, based on the currently available scientific evidence, concludewhether an intake of trans fatty acids from ruminants generates an effect on the bloodlipid profile of healthy men and women.Search strategyRCT articles were obtained through searches in databases such as PubMed, The CochraneLibrary, and Scopus. Keywords used were "ruminants" AND "Cholesterol" AND "Trans FattyAcids" and "ruminants" AND "Blood Lipids" AND "Trans Fatty Acids".Selection criteriaInclusion criteria were RCT studies conducted on healthy people who did not receive medicationfor hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the results were to be based on fasting blood samples, where atleast ten hours of fasting preceded the analysis of the blood lipids.Data collection and analysisThe search generated eight studies. These were graded according to SBU:s Granskningsmall förrandomiserad kontrollerad prövning, after which four studies were selected.

Most of the beef production in Sweden has been integrated with milk production. Since the 1990:s, the number of dairy cows has decreased. A specialised beef production has developed in purpose to compensate for this decrease. The consumption of beef have increased in the last decade, but the Swedish production has no followed this trend. In 2004, the percentage of beef self-sufficiency in Sweden was 60 %.

Syftet med studien har varit att undersöka varför, hur och med vilket resultat en del sörjande söker professionellt samtalsstöd efter en närståendes död. Som forskningsdesign valdes en kvalitativ deskriptiv studie omfattande halvstrukturerade intervjuer med fem sörjande. Datamaterialet analyserades enligt Tema Analys. Studiens resultat pekar på att deltagarna har upplevt att deras sorg och behov av en längre sjukskrivning i sorgearbetet inte tagits på allvar av varken läkare, försäkringskassan eller arbetsgivare, vilket har orsakat dem onödig stress som försämrat sorgearbetet. Samtalsstödet inom den offentliga vården hos sjukhus, akutmottagning och vårdcentral har upplevts som icke tillfredställande p.g.a.

Bakgrund: trauma är en svår kroppslig skada som uppkommit genom yttre våld. Eftersom sorg visar sig olika hos olika individer är det viktigt att kunna se sorgens olika uttryck. Anhörig är den person som patienten anger som sin närmaste. När någon som står en nära plötsligt avlider genom trauma, hamnar de anhöriga i en kris och reagerar och handlar utifrån den. Syfte: är att belysa akut- och intensivvårdssjuksköterskors bemötande av anhöriga vid oväntat dödsfall i ett trauma utifrån sjuksköterskors och anhörigas perspektiv.

The fungus Gremmeniella abietina causes damage to conifers that can lead to tree death. In 1999 and 2001 the pathogen caused severe attacks in Sweden, where about 500 000 ha of pine forest were affected. Trees of all ages were attacked, but mainly forests between 30-60 years that were ready for their first commercial thinning. After recommendations from the forest agency, sanitary fellings were made to trees that had more needle loss than 85%, a total of about 50 000 ha. Economic losses have been estimated to more than one billion SEK.

Sahlgrenska Academy at University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition3AbstractTitle: How does isoflavones in combination with soy protein impact cholesterol levels in hypercholesterolemic postmenopausal women relative to milk protein?Author: Emma Edberg och Emma NilssonSupervisor: Lena HulthénExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician stydy programme,180/240 hpType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: 2014-05-26Background: Hypercholesterolemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease and the number one cause of death among women in Western countries. Declining levels of estrogen at menopause could be a contribution factor. Isoflavones is a vegetable substance, with structural and functional similarities to the human estrogen. This is a potential reason for possible cholesterol-lowering effects.

Syfte och frågeställningar: Förlusten och sörjandet av en närstående är något som de flesta upplever under livets gång. Det finns människor som redan i en ung ålder förlorar ett syskon, men ändå har få vetenskapliga studier som belyser ett syskonperspektiv på sorg blivit genomförda. Syftet med denna studie är att försöka bidra med kunskap om vad förlusten av en syster eller bror kan innebära för kvarlevande syskon. Studiens frågeställningar lyder:1. Hur upplever och beskriver kvarlevande syskon förlusten av en syster eller bror? Hur tänker dessa personer kring förlusten och vilka känslor upplever de under sorgeprocessen?2. Kan sorgen leda till förändrade förhållanden i olika sociala sammanhang och i så fall på vilka sätt? Påverkas relationerna i familjen? Påverkas relationerna till vänner och andra närstående? 3. Hur påverkas den personliga och/eller den sociala identiteten av ett syskons bortgång? Kan kvarlevande syskon uppleva sig ha förändrats som ett resultat av sorgen? På vilka sätt kan syskonförlusten påverka kvarlevande syskons sociala identiteter och tillhörigheter? Skapas en ny typ av identitet som ett resultat av sorgen, vilken inbegriper ett nytt sätt för omgivningen att bemöta den sörjande? Metod: Utifrån en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi har jag använt mig av semistrukturerade kvalitativa intervjuer för att fånga nio kvarlevande syskons upplevelser av sorg.

The senior essay examines the geographical imaginations, notions of Self and community that were mobilized in the media and by the government in conjunction with an event, namely, the space voyage of Christer Fuglesang ? the first Swedish astronaut in space on December ___ 2006. The study is a critical investigation of media discourses, representations of space, and geographical imaginations that were triggered by the event. The specific issues addressed by this study are (a) which representations of Sweden were mobilized in narrating the event? (b) In what ways has Fuglesang´s space voyage influenced the image of Sweden? (c) How was the event rallied vis-à-vis discourses of entrepreneurial culture and neoliberal growth by the government? (d) Which themes and clichés were mustered in the media dramaturgy of the event? (e) Which topics were excluded in media narratives and representation of the event? (f) Have familiar geographical imaginations, notions of Self and community been reconfigured? If so, how?The present study analyzes narratives of the event in the two largest newspapers in Sweden - Aftonbladet and Dagens Nyheter, as well the two biggest TV-channels ? Swedish Television and TV4.