Transfetter från idisslare - och dess inverkan på blodlipidprofilen hos friska män och kvinnor
Sahlgrenska Academyat University of GothenburgDepartment of Internal Medicine and Clinical NutritionAbstractTitle: Trans fatty acids from ruminants - and its effect on blood lipidprofile in healthy men and womenAuthor: Sophie Berg and Sara KarlssonSupervisor: Henriette PhilipsonExaminer: Anna WinkvistProgramme: Dietician study programme, 180/240 ECTSType of paper: Examination paper, 15 hpDate: May 23, 2012BackgroundCardiovascular disease is the most common cause of death in Sweden. It is well known that thereis a link between high consumption of industrial trans fatty acids and cardiovascular disease, buthow natural trans fatty acids affect us remains uncertain.ObjectiveThe purpose of this article is to, based on the currently available scientific evidence, concludewhether an intake of trans fatty acids from ruminants generates an effect on the bloodlipid profile of healthy men and women.Search strategyRCT articles were obtained through searches in databases such as PubMed, The CochraneLibrary, and Scopus. Keywords used were "ruminants" AND "Cholesterol" AND "Trans FattyAcids" and "ruminants" AND "Blood Lipids" AND "Trans Fatty Acids".Selection criteriaInclusion criteria were RCT studies conducted on healthy people who did not receive medicationfor hyperlipidemia. Moreover, the results were to be based on fasting blood samples, where atleast ten hours of fasting preceded the analysis of the blood lipids.Data collection and analysisThe search generated eight studies. These were graded according to SBU:s Granskningsmall förrandomiserad kontrollerad prövning, after which four studies were selected. The results of thechosen studies were then put together and evaluated according to GRADES sammanfattandeevidensformulär.Main resultsAccordning to SBU:s granskningsmall för randomiserad kontrollerad prövning three of fourstudies were considered to have medium study quality, whereas the fourth hadhigh study quality. The overall security of the evidence for selected outcome measures wasevaluated to have moderate (+++) evidence strength according to GRADE. Three studies founda significant elevation of LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol after consumption of rTFA. Threeof the studies showed a significant lowering of HDL cholesterol. One study observed significantdifferences in the blood lipid profile between men and women. Another study noticed significantdifferences in blood lipid levels between normal weight and overweight women. The amountsof trans fat used in the different studies were crucial to the outcome.ConclusionsA consumption that exceeds the recommended intake of rTFA can affect blood lipids sincesignificant effects on several markers of the blood lipid profile have been observed(moderate evidence strength +++). The scientific data has howeverdisplayed significantly different results, hence impeding any general scientific conclusion.