Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att utifrån tidigare forskning beskriva personers upplevelse av att leva med myelom under olika perioder i sjukdomsförloppet. Artikelsökningen genomfördes via databaserna PubMed och Cinahl och resulterade i 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. I resultatet framkom att myelom för många var en okänd sjukdom vilket gjorde att god individanpassad information ansågs vara betydelsefull. Egenskaper hos vårdpersonalen som exempelvis förmåga att ingjuta hopp, vara empatisk samt ha goda kunskaper om sjukdomen sågs som särskilt önskvärda. Synliga tecken på cancersjukdom som exempelvis håravfall och viktnedgång upplevdes besvärande då känslan av att vara annorlunda i vissa fall bidrog till att personen undvek sociala sammanhang.

Den multivariata variabeln trädslagsfördelning beskriver volymsförhållandet mellan tall, gran och löv i ett skogsbestånd. Ofta är variabeln skattad med subjektiva metoder vilket resulterar i två typer av fel, systematiska och slumpmässiga. Subjektivt värde = Sant värde + systematiskt fel + slumpmässigt fel De slumpmässiga felen är omöjliga att justera, men de systematiska går att åtgärda genom kalibrering. Målet med arbetet har varit att finna lämpliga metoder att kalibrera trädslags­ fördelningen i subjektivt skattade register för att eliminera det systematiska felet. Kalibreringar har gjorts med fyra olika regressionsmodeller och ett neuralt nätverk.

Women?s strive to reach higher leading positions and build a career that's combinable with child birth and private life, is an on-going debate among academics in the fields of leadership, management and organization. This bachelor level thesis is written at the section of Management & Organization at School of Business, Economics and Law in Gothenburg, Sweden, spring semester 2015. In our research methodwe have used source triangulation with a qualitative approach to the subject of egg-freezing in favour forcareer with a focus on Swedish workplaces. The purpose has been to illuminate, map out and further problematize how the introduction of the employee benefit in November 2014 can be seen to relate to social sustainability.A lot of the management research that discusses social sustainability tends to focus on how women (and men!) try to balance family life and career and how to combine (or to not combine) them.

Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att undersöka om kommunala chefstjänstemän som delar politisk åsikt med kommunens styrande politiker i högre utsträckning än andra chefer också ?gör det lilla extra? på arbetet. Syftet är även att se om det är tillit till de styrande politikerna snarare än politiska åsikter som är viktigast för att förklara benägenheten att göra det lilla extra på arbetet. Detta undersöks genom att studera beteenden, prestation och engagemang på arbetet. Urvalet bestod av chefen för utbildningsförvaltningen (eller motsvarande) i Sveriges samtliga kommuner och undersökningen baserades på data insamlat med hjälp av webenkäter under hösten 2014.

Internetbedrägerier är ett växande problem som kan leda till negativakonsekvenser för offren och den kommersiella infrastrukturen. Attkartlägga fenomenet och identifiera de egenskaper som kan bidra tillökad risk för utsatthet är därför viktigt. Syftet med denna studie var attundersöka utsattheten och oron för att utsättas för internetbaseradebedrägerier bland studenter vid Mittuniversitetet. En webbaseradenkät distribuerades till 600 slumpmässigt utvalda studenter ochdatamaterialet (17%, N = 102) analyserades genom ?², Mann-WhitneyU och Kruskal-Wallis-test samt logistisk regression.

This study aims to analyze the effects of the proposal regarding mandatory reporting for undocumented individuals within the Swedish public sector and how this potentially affects leaders in their efforts to motivate their employees to comply with this requirement, which is considered ethically charged. The primary focus is to understand how these leaders can motivate their employees considering legal requirements that are both legally binding and ethically sensitive. By interviewing leaders from various sectors within the public domain in multiple Swedish municipalities, this case study seeks to highlight the challenges arising from the amalgamation of legal mandates and ethical dilemmas. Its goal is to provide insights that can support these leaders in their complex decision-making regarding such issues. The study addresses theoretical aspects such as change management and critical organizational theory. The study's findings indicate that political decisions play a pivotal role in the processes of change within public operations. Resistance to change varies and takes various forms.

Titel: Thinking outside the box: Goals and Salary boxes as motivational factorsAuthors: Anna Ceder and  Karin Barwinger PlogareSeat of Learning: Uppsala UniversityPurpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate if the imposition of salary boxes in Uppsala municipality has had any influence on the organisation?s employees? to improve their work motivation. The reason for the study was to look deeper into employees? motivational factors, this with a focus on salary as motivational factor in structures of salary boxes where it is possible for the employee to work towards goals which affect their salary. The primary purpose of the study was to look into if employees? ability to advance their performance had any connection to the impostion of salary boxes.Methodology: In order to collect as much data as possible for the measurements one of the largest occupational groups in Uppsala municipality was chosen, which represents the group of pre-school teachers.

Investment in hedge funds is a relatively new phenomenon for investors compared with other forms of savings. In recent years, the interest has increased among investors in investing their money in hedge funds, given the protection against declines in the market they are aiming for. Their main purpose is to generate a high return at a low risk regardless of market trends. This they can achieve by having fewer restrictions that offer more flexible investment strategies and freer investment opportunities.The purpose of this paper is to identify how the selected hedge fund strategies have performed during the recent economic downturn. We also want to clarify the claim that hedge funds exhibit a positive absolute return regardless of what the market is performing.In order to answer the purpose of the essay and its problems, we have used a quantitative method with a deductive approach in the processing of data.

Due to the forest industry downsizing, many communities in rural forest regions in Canada and Sweden are facing problems to survive. In order to create community sustainability, resilience and well-being in remote forest regions, the view on the forest resources has shifted towards multiple use, through the concept of sustainable forest management (SFM). Beside the economic and ecological elements of sustainability, the social forest values are needed, contributing to the human well-being, local participation, stakeholder collaboration, human rights and cultural connection. In this thesis the embodiment of the social component of SFM within Prince Albert Model Forest (Canada), and Vilhelmina Model Forest (Sweden) will be examined. Being partners and facing similar challenges as rural boreal forest regions, the two model forests are compared through analysis of projects and activities, conducted interviews and organization documents. Looking at projects mentioned as successful by the interviewees, they all have elements from the social values of SFM. The direction can be explained by the introduction of the Forest Communities Program in Canada, demanding the Model Forests to work towards community stability and resilience, the Model Forest organization concept itself and the way global focus are increasing around social forest values. In the future, it may be important that the role of the MFs enable some kind of political authorization and legitimacy in order to improve conflict solving and indigenous rights equality.

This essay examines if formative assessment causes any impact on upper secondary school students results in social science. Other questions asked are which group of students benefits most from formative assessment and if any connections can be found between the students result and their cognitive approach to learning, problem solving capability and attitude to school.Two classes from a school in Stockholm were chosen to participate in the study. The theoretical framework is mostly based on former research performed by Black and William (1998, 2003). Multiple methods were used, including an experiment with a parallel-group design with two groups, a survey and a problem solving test. Statistics is used to describe and analyze collected data.Both groups were taught during five lessons in the same field of knowledge with the same kind of teaching, apart from formative assessment.

The purpose of this thesis is to understand the ways in which rumors affect the everyday lives of a few young women. The questions are: What kinds of rumors do the young women find are the most common? How do they respond to these rumors? Do the rumors affect their everyday lives and if so, how do they react to them? Do they resist them? Do they feel limited by them?The empirical data was collected through unstructured interviews (focus groups) with three groups. The groups discussed different themes without prompting questions by the interviewer and it was clear that rumors played an important role, in multiple ways, in the lives of the young women. The most common rumors were sexualized and were mostly concerned with the view that the young women should not engage in ?too many? heterosexual relations ? preferably none.

The aim of this study has been to examine, describe and analyze how masculinities can be represented and understood among boys in a Swedish primary school context. The study was conducted within a school located in a small community on the country side. Through the use of a qualitative research design we interviewed 13 boys from the fifth grade of this school, who all got to express and reason their perspectives of what it meant to them to be a boy in primary school and how that could impact their social life. For a wider understanding of the different dimensions of masculinity we used R.W. Connell's (2008) theoretical framework, hegemonic masculinity, which implies that there are multiple definitions of masculinities that are constructed in relation to each other in a hierarchical order.

Bakgrund: Att vårdas i en flerbäddssal med andra medpatienter kan medföra både positiva och negativa erfarenheter för patienter. När en människa intar rollen som patient hamnar hen i en situation där patientens avskildhet kan bli svår att bevara och värdigheten kan bli hotad.Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva patienters erfarenheter av att vårdas i en flerbäddssal med andra medpatienter. Metod: En litteraturöversikt baserad på tio vetenskapliga studier, varav nio var kvalitativa och en var både kvalitativ och kvantitativ. Studierna som erhölls ifrån databaserna CINAHL och PUBMED analyserades och sammanställdes.Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i fyra huvudteman och sju subteman. Det första huvudtemat benämns som Att vårdas i en flerbäddssal med tre subteman; Betydelsen av att ha sällskap av medpatienter, Stödjande samtal av medpatienter och Bevara självständighet och värdighet genom ett oberoende. Det andra huvudtemat benämns som Patienternas upplevelse av att vistas i en flerbäddssal med andra medpatienter med ett subtema; Att vårdas i en könsblandad flerbäddsal som ett hot mot värdigheten.

Syftet med vår studie var att undersöka hur faktorerna tillgångsstruktur, lönsamhet, företagsstorlek och tillväxt kan förklara variationer i svenska företags skuldsättning. Studien syftade också till att undersöka skillnader i faktorernas förklaringskapacitet mellan olika sektorer. Utifrån tidigare studier och teorier om faktorernas förväntade relation till företags skuldsättning utarbetade vi egna arbetshypoteser över våra förväntade samband. För att analysera hur våra valda faktorer kan förklara variationen i företags skuldsättning utförde vi regressionsanalyser med två definitioner av skuldsättning som beroende variabel. Sammanlagt samlades data från 59 företag in för en tidsperiod på fem år som legat till grund för de utförda regressionsanalyserna.

A survey was undertaken to understand sheep management, breeding practices and selection criteria for Red Maasai sheep in Maasai pastoralist communities in Kajiado District, Kenya. Differences between North and South Kajiado District were investigated to gain knowledge about farmers having different prerequisites and how it can affect the sheep production. The reason for keeping sheep and the specific breeds show the multiple objectives of the Maasai farmers. Adaptive traits, such as resistance to diseases and droughts, and productive traits, such as increased growth and carcass weight, were both ranked highly. In addition to this, the sheep has a social and traditional value in Maasai culture.