The aim of this political scientist paper is to describe and analyze the quasi state Iraqi Kurdistan 1992-2006 using the theory of Kolstö about how and why quasi States develops and the theory of Pegg regarding how the international society deal with quasi States. A qualitative case method is used. In the study the two theories are combined. Iraqi Kurdistan is used as a case to study to confirm Kolstö?s and Pegg?s theories.

AbstractIII-essay in political science by Christoffer Harnell, autumn -08. Supervisor: Malin Stegman-McCallion. ?Nuclear Disarmament - USA and the Soviet Union 1960-2002? This essay is about USA and the former Soviet Union and their nuclear disarmament. The purpose is to explain why and when the two States begun their nuclear disarmament, as well as what caused the start of the process.

When are aerial bombing strategies effective in coercing target States? According to the recent research debate there is a consensus that denial strategies may be an effective instrument for coercing States to change their politics. This study is based on Belkin?s theory which argues that the effectiveness of denial strategies may depend in part on the domestic legitimacy of the target States? regimes. From a political standpoint, aerial denial effectiveness can be considered more likely to coerce when political leaders of target States lack domestic legitimacy rather than when they are legitimate.   The purpose of this study is to contribute an explanation of a condition where denial strategies are more likely to succeed.

Since the war ended in Bosnia and Herzegovina in1995 the country's economic and political crisies has grown dramatically. As in so many other Post-communist States the corruption has become a large problem for the whole society. The ethnic entities in which Bosnia is divided makes it possible for the national parties to operate and rule the same political propaganda that was the result of the war in the first place. However the international forces like the EU and the USA have made this kind of no non-centralised governmentship possible through the Dayton peace agreement, according to many experts this has to change in the constitution by any means possible if Bosnia will have a future. By the thesis of Professor Susan Rose-Ackerman the theoretical analysing tool should be followed for the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Turkish accession to the European Union has been the most extended one that the Unionhas been dealing with so far. Turkey is now accepted as a candidate country but it is still in aproblematic situation. Most of the EU?s member States do not share the Union?s belief thatTurkey should become a full member of the Union, if they should even become a member atall. Europeanization constitutes a ground in this essay, and the ?top-down? perspective withinthis process can give an explanation to why most EU member States have such a hesitanceagainst Turkey..

The purpose of this essay was to research the level of condition and requirements of democracy which faces States applying for a membership in the European Union. The focal point was to research the levels of democracy requirements on two set enlargements which are the cases of the 1981 and 1986 enlargements together with the 2004 and 2007. The States that did reach the goal of becoming member States had similar political backgrounds that made them suitable for a most- similar system study. By using my theoretical framework which consists of democracy theories, together with the chosen method was I able to find answers to my research questions when examining the material. The result of the study is that even though the condition might have been quite similar but the reality of them was different.

States have sovereignty in deciding how to tax business profits. If two States wish to tax the same profit that belongs to the same taxpayer, double taxation will arise. The increasing number of multinational companies gives rise to double taxation problems and the States have to co-operate to find out how to avoid such problems. The OECD Model Tax Convention includes an article in how to determine the rights to tax business profits. This article has been a subject of discussion and a committee of the OECD has been working to develop a new article 7.The work in proposing this new article has had as its aim to reassure that the interpretations of this regulation is made in the same way.

Many theories describe failed States as potential threats to international security due to the breeding ground they constitute for transnational terrorism. Ken Menkhaus believes however that transnational terrorists are dependent on a state for their own protection in order to be able to operate.This essay seeks out the relevance in Ken Menkhaus? theory which States that transnational terrorists rather exploit corrupted States than operate in countries where there is a state collapse. His theory will be applied on a case study on post-Libya after Gadhafi?s fall.

In September of year 2006, a young boy was brutally killed by a girl, age sixteen, in Örebro, Sweden. Girlgangs became a frequent subject in media. Professionals? working with adolescents claims that girlgangs notis an existing phenomena in Sweden as it is in for example in the United States. The aim of this thesis was to investigate if teenage girls in Sweden have a tendency to join gangs as they do in the United States.

The aim ofthis study was to examine how economic growth affects the level of democracy inauthoritarian States. Some of these States have experienced high economicgrowth. However, one can discuss how it affects the country?s democratization-process.For that reason this study was needed to contribute to a clarification of howeconomic growth can affect authoritarian rule and democratization. This wasdone through an examination of the development in China.

This paper develops a theory for understanding negotiation situations involving States and indigenous peoples. Using relevant constructivist theory as a starting point, the paper develops a theory about understanding the relationship between power and culture implicit in the concept of the state. This relationship is examined in negotiations situations involving States and indigenous peoples. States are constituted by social structure and are representatives of the national culture. At the same time States are actors within the international system and a part of the culture of Westphalia.

The aim of the following paper has been to test the democratic peace theory through applying it on the conflict between Russia and Georgia in 2008.  This to either falsify the theory or come to the conclusion that the States? democracy was not satisfactory in regards to the definition of liberal democracy. The questions asked are: Was Russia and Georgia democratic States? Is democracy a protection from war? And which aspects of the liberal democratic theory, if any, were not satisfactory in either of the countries? The results show that the democratic peace theory is valid in this case and that neither one of the States were democratic.

The terror attack in New York year 2001 was a turning point in international politics. New policies were reformed in both USA and EU to secure their citizens from terrorism. The power of the institutions has developed and the question is; how does the new security policy affect people?s freedom? Is it the agencies new policies that are restricting the freedom or the actions of a terrorist? The purpose of this study is to examine if the security policies in USA and EU are protecting their citizen?s freedom. Many individuals are not aware of how much the security policies are affecting their lives.

AbstractSyftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur bilden av ?moderskapet? gestaltas i den amerikanska TV-serien ?United States of Tara?. De frågor som ligger till grund för undersökningen är: hur skapas och definieras identiteten av modern i serien ?United States of Tara?? Hur konstrueras relationen mellan modern och de andra familjemedlemmarna i serien? Hur förändras framställningen av den kvinnliga huvudpersonen Tara från det första till det sista avsnittet?Analysen utgår från en metod för analys av TV-program som presenteras i boken ?How to Study Television? (1995) av Keith Selby & Ron Cowdery, med fokus på begreppen narrativ och konstruktion.Materialet består av första säsongens första avsnitt och sista säsongens sista avsnitt av serien ?United States of Tara?.De teoretiska utgångspunkterna som ligger till grund för undersökningen är en teoriblandning av begrepp som: representation, performativitet, identitet, identitetsordningar samt Rosalind Gills teorier kring den postfeministiska kvinnan.Resultatet visar på att i serien ?United States of Tara? presenteras en ovanlig bild av modern, en outsider-moder som, i enlighet med den postfeministiska synen på kvinnan, genomgår en tydlig förändring under seriens gång från en svag och förvirrad kvinna till en självsäker person. .

The following thesis is examining compliance with EU-law from a member state perspective. The variation in the compliance level between the member States from 1995 to 2005 is analyzed to prove the fact that the Nordic member countries during the measured time period experienced a low number of infringements. The infringements that did occur were resolved faster and more efficient in the Nordic countries then in the other member States. The theory used to explain the Nordic compliance rate is divided between external and internal pressure in a pull and push model. The external pressure is illustrated with argumentative persuasion from the EU-commission to the individual member States; how the state responds to the persuasion in order to act compliant.