One of many difficult issues in veterinary medicine is the assessment of an animal's experience of pain. As a licensed veterinary nurse in Sweden you are obligated by law to work by the concept of evidence based medicine. To achieve this the author of this study sees the need for standardized methods of pain assessment. A Swedish version of Short form of the Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) has recently been translated and developed. Furthermore, a psychometric validation needs to be performed to ensure its validity and reliability.

Det svenska samhället blir alltmer ett mångkulturellt samhälle med nya krav på sjukvården och dess personal. Sjuksköterskor möter patienter med en annan kulturell bakgrund, kunskap och förståelse. Hur kulturell bakgrund påverkar förväntningar och vårdresultat blir därför viktig. Syftet med studien är att beskriva faktorer som är viktiga för att sjuksköterskor ska kunna ge en god omvårdnad till patienter som är invandrare och vårdas inom den transkulturella vården. Denna studie är en litteraturstudie baserad på 13 vetenskapligt granskade kvalitativa artiklar och en avhandling.

Every year 300 children in Sweden are diagnosed with cancer, but through research and successful clinical work 70 % of the children survive their cancer. Aim: To illuminate nursing care of children with cancer. Method: The study was carried out as a general literature study through systematic review and analyse of 18 scientific articles. Result: The analysis resulted in five themes: Support, play as a psychological assistance, alternatives to alleviation of pain, nutrition and relieving symptoms of fatigue.Conclusion: It is important that the nurse has knowledge about the children and their family?s experiences when dealing with a cancer illness to provide the children with adequate care.

Purpose and framing of questions.The objective of this study has been to problematize the concept of "health" by studying the philosopher Nietzsche's writings on the subject and by analyzing four PE teachers' thoughts on his view of health. This has been achieved by examining the following questions: What types of health does Nietzsche describe, and how are these promoted and inhibited according to him? How does a Nietzschean view of health stand visavi the one expressed by the Swedish national curriculum? What do teachers think about the Nietzschean concept of health and its potential applicability in physical education?Theory and Method.The literary study had a hermeneutic approach and was conducted according to a qualitative analytical method, in addition the so-called three-step method was used to create a definition of "health" on the basis of Nietzsche's use of the term. The source material consisted of Nietzsche's overall philosophical writings (ca 2600 pages) in order to give a complete picture of his view of health. The four interviews consisted of open enquiries, which were conducted according to a qualitative interviewing technique.

Feline asthma is a condition very similar to the respiratory disease affecting humans. It is causing, among other things, a constriction of the bronchial airways, an increase of mucus production and damage to, or erosion of, the epithelial membrane. The symptoms occur intermittently and do, in most cases, evolve during a long period of time. The aim of this essay was to investigate whether there are any nursing routines for feline patients with asthma in animal clinics and animal hospitals in Sweden, and if so, to compare similarities and differences. A literary study of research material also led to a suggestion of how to form a nursing routine for this type of patient.

AbstractTitle: Art influences in today´s advertisingimages ? A qualitative study of advertisingimages and work of artNumber of pages: 46Author: Sanna OlssonTutor: Else NygrenCourse: Media and Communication Science CPeriod: Autumn 2009University: Division of Media and Communication, Uppsala UniversityPurpose: The purpose with this composition is to analyse how art has influenced todays advertising images, to see wich influences that can be descovered.Method/Material: Since this is an imageanalys the main material has been consisted of advertising images, a total of seven. In addition, art images have been used as comparative material. The advertising images have been strategically selected, however they are modern and aestetically appealing. A number of questions have been formulated wich is the basis of the analys.Main results: Primarily the study found that art has influenced today?s advertisingimages in different ways.

Kommunikationen och därmed informationsutbytet anses utgöra en central del i vården och behövs för att upprätthålla en gynnsam vårdrelation mellan vårdpersonal och patient. Sjuksköterskan ska bedriva en vård som ska främja hälsa, lindra lidande, förebygga sjukdom och återställa hälsa enligt International Council of Nurses (ICN) etiska kod för sjuksköterskor. Sverige och flera delar av världen blir mer mångkulturellt befolkat och detta medför en förändring i vårdandet av dessa patienter, mot ett mer så kallat transkulturellt vårdande. Språkbarriärer inom vården kan försvåra informationsutbytet mellan patient och vårdgivare. Om informationsutbytet inte fungerar kan det resultera i att samspelet brister mellan patienten och sjuksköterskan.Syftet med arbetet är att belysa språkbarriärer mellan patient och sjuksköterska, vilka faktorer som påverkar dessa och vilka effekter de ger på vården.

The purpose of this study was to find knowledge about ostomy patients experience with a focus on overall life situation and the care they receive from the nurse. The method used was a systematic literature review according to Polit, Beck & Hungler. Six scientific research reports have been used as foundation of the result in this study. The articles have been reviewed according to Antonovsky's Sense of Coherence (SOC).The result shows that experiences of having ostomy are individual. Adapting to their new life situation varies depending on the reason for having an ostomy.

ABSTRACTStatistics show that breastfeeding prevalence for Sweden has fallen since the mid 90´s. Studies show that breastfeeding offers health benefits to both mother and child and that the mothers' belief and confidence in their ability to breastfeed is a key factor to having a positive breastfeeding outcome. In 2010, Amningshjälpen in collaboration with Sensus studieförbund, started a nursing course, for mothers-to-be, who wished to breastfeed their babies and its aim was to prepare them for a successful and enjoyable experience.Objective: To examine whether a preparatory breastfeeding course can affect mothers' confidence in their ability to breastfeed and if that ability can affect the breastfeeding outcome when the child reaches four months. A further aim is to investigate the experience of  perceived problems surrounding breastfeeding and what affect these might have on the mothers' confidence in breastfeeding when the child reaches four months.Design/Methods: A quantitative approach with prospective experimental design was used to evaluate the study. The questionnaire Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy Scale Short Form (BSES-SF) was used three times to measure women's trust in lactation.

Bakgrund:I takt med att antalet äldre i Sverige ökar, ökar också antalet insjuknade i demens. Nio av tio personer som drabbas av demenssjukdom kommer att uppvisa beteendemässiga eller psykiska symtom någon gång under sjukdomsförloppet. Dessa symtom har visat minska livskvalitén och utgör den vanligaste orsaken till att personer med demenssjukdom flyttar till ett särskilt boende då belastningen på anhöriga och omgivningen blir alltför stor.Syfte:Att beskriva omvårdnadsåtgärder i arbetet med patienter som uppvisarbeteendemässiga och psykiska symtom vid demenssjukdom.Metod:Studien är en litteraturstudie baserad på niovetenskapliga artiklar med både kvalitativ och kvantitativ ansats som sökts fram via databasen Cinahl. Artiklarna har analyserats med fokus på att finna likheter och skillnader i resultatet av de valda studierna.. Analysarbetet resulterade i fyra huvudkategorier som visade sig vara viktiga faktorer som påverkar omvårdnadsåtgärder för denna patientgrupp: utbildning, personcentrerad omvårdnad, musik, dans och beröring.

Ambulatory surgery is common and develops alongside surgery and anesthetic methods. Time admitted is short and aftercare takes place in the home environment.Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate which symptoms patients experience after ambulatory surgery related to anesthesia. Furthermore how strongly symptoms affect the patient. Symptoms appear as a result of anesthesia and surgery and can therefore be interpreted as nursing induced suffering.Method: Participants were recruited at ambulatory clinics at a Swedish university hospital spring, 2015.  Prior to the study permission was granted from the clinic managers. The study is a quantitative descriptive longitudinal study.  Data collection forms were administered and data collection was performed by phone.

Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Typ 2-diabetes ?r en kronisk metabol sjukdom som kan leda till allvarliga h?lsokomplikationer. D?rmed utg?r egenv?rd en fundamental och central komponent i behandlingsstrategin f?r att f?rebygga sekund?ra komplikationer och optimera patienters prognos. Egenv?rd inneb?r att individen har ett kontinuerligt ansvar f?r att vidta h?lsofr?mjande och behandlingsrelaterade ?tg?rder i syfte att hantera sin sjukdom samt uppr?tth?lla god livskvalitet.

The purpose of our study was to establish whether the knowledge about vegetarian diet was enough among nurses in order to practise professional nursing. We made an empirical study based on a questionnaire. Twenty-one registered nurses answered the questionnaire that consisted of mostly open questions. The result showed that almost everyone experienced that they gave dietcounselling and many nurses mentioned that dietcounselling was important. The majority of the nurses thought that they had enough knowledge to be able in order to deliver a fundamental dietcounselling but nobody considered that they knew much about vegetarian diet..

Maternal behaviour is crucial for the development of the rat pups? behaviour and stressresponses later in life. There are numerous studies evaluating the effects of the dams?behaviours on the pups, but not many addressing what can be made for wellbeing of the ratdams when breeding. Few studies have addressed the question of how the commonly usedrearing environment effects the dams? behaviour and in the long run how it effect the ratsreared to become our research models.

BAKGRUND: Studierna visar att våldet har ökat med åren. Riskfaktorer och riskbeteenden har identifierats och orsakerna kan vara flera till att patienten upplever ohälsa. Forskningen inom detta fält har hittills fokuserat på bakomliggande orsaker till patientens aggressiva beteende och bedrivits under många år. Ökade kunskaper om sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vårda patienter med aggressivt beteende inom psykiatrisk vård kan bidra till att utveckla omvårdnad anpassad till situationen, i syfte att främja hälsa.SYFTE: Studiens syfte är att utforska sjuksköterskans omvårdnad och upplevelse av att vårda patienter med aggressivt beteende inom psykiatrisk vård.METOD: Litteraturstudie av kvalitativa och kvantitativa studier.RESULTAT: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier och 12 underkategorier. Huvudteman som uppkom var;sjuksköterskan i interaktion med patienten, organisatoriska faktorer och personliga faktorer samt underkategorier som handlade om; avledning av hotfulla situationer, personligt utrymme, information och bedömning, gränssättning, riskfaktorer kopplade till aggression, bristande support från chefer, bemanning, personalsäkerhet, erfarenhet och kommunikationsfärdigheter, lojalitet gentemot patienten och arbetet, hopplöshet och besvikelse samt coping.SLUTSATS: Resultatet visar att sjuksköterskor upplever vårdandet av patienter med aggressivt beteende inom psykiatrisk vård på olika sätt.