Finnish student have for several years proved to be successful in reading in international studies. This interview based study aims to describe how teachers in Finnish schools for Swedish speaking children are relating to reading and reading education during the first two years of schooling. The result shows that reading, reading training and reading comprehension are natural elements in all teaching during the first two years in school and that teaching is based on students? ability and interest. The teachers claim that they provide the students with varying opportunities to practice different kinds of reading.

In this work, I have studied whether if one can detect AD / HD in preschool. I have read some literature and searched on the Internet. I have also tried to get to interview people who are familiar with this topic, which has not been easy. I have questioned 13 persons if they would participate in an interview, but most have refused because they do not have time. I succeeded anyhow to get three persons, two special educators and a nurse on the BVC.

ABSTRACTThe aim of this study was to describe various methods of treatment and effects of treatment of ADHD, and to investigate wheater there is an association between adults with ADHD and obesity. Method:  Literature review. Twelve quantitative scientific articles were found in the data bases PubMed, Cinahl and MedLine.  Result: ADHD is a cognitive impairment that can lead to serious complications such as obesity. Studies show that drug treatments of adults with ADHD have positive effects in terms of reduced symptoms, increased efficiency and improved quality of life, but drugs can also cause side effects in form of loss of appetite and insomnia. For adults with ADHD and obesity drugs that affect metabolism have a significant impact on patients ability to lose weight.

The Swedish population is getting older and more elderly will continue to be in need ofsupport from the community to meet their everyday lives. As the population gets olderdementia also increases the spread in the country. Because of this more people withdementia will be in need of help in their everyday lives. This will increase the demandson elderly care in the municipalities where they have to offer good care. As moreindividuals suffering from dementia will be in need of help in their daily lives aid officers'encounters with people suffering from dementia and their relatives or any representativesbecome more common.The study had as objective to study aid officer's reasoning on the treatment of dementedindividuals in need of help.

This study aimed to investigate whether lambs show anticipatory behaviours in a holding pen prior to entering a known arena, whether the holding pen experience prior to the arena exposure affects their play expression in the arena and whether their behaviour (in home pen) is affected if arena access is denied. Twenty pair-housed male lambs (average 14 weeks old), were exposed, in chronological order, to five treatments. Holding pen treat-ment (HP-control): Each pair was led into a holding pen (2.7 m2) and remained there for 5 minutes before returning to their home pen (6 m2). Holding pen ? arena treatment (HP-A): Each pair was led into a holding pen for 5 min and then was allowed access into the arena (22 m2, containing two hanging chains, one ball and one platform) for 15 min before re-turning to their home pen.

This study aims to increase the understanding of how some teachers and special education teachers work and relate to pupils with difficulties, and in which way they use guiding documents in their daily work. Over the last four decades the curricula in Sweden have aimed at creating a school for everybody though, without any significant success. Today, many students leave the comprehensive school without grades in the subjects Swedish, Maths, and English. Since the obligatory school was introduced, pupils that have been considered un-normal have been sorted out to other groups and classes, where teachers with special competence have been working.The designation ?a school for everybody? is described in perspective from four different definitions.

The automotive industry is a highly competitive market characterised by low profit margins or huge losses. Cost reductions have been of top priority for all OEM?s (Original Equipment Manufacturer) and will continue to be so for many years to come. Beside cost reductions, reducing the time-to-market is of greatest importance to stay in the competition. OEM?s that are slow to market with products that neither matches customer expectations nor the products of their competitors, will soon loose market shares and see their economical performance falter.

Stone walls in agricultural land are incorporated in the general protection of biotopes. They are protected because they provide a habitat for endangered species. Therefore it is illegal to carry out proceedings in an area that is included in the protection of biotopes. In order to do that, exemption is needed which can only be granted if there are special reasons. The essay stipulates what these special reasons are.In an exemption errand the interest for nature conservation must be weighed against a public or a private interest.

Bakgrund: Kaliningrad är den mest västliga ryska regionen som ligger mellan två EU-länder. I takt med den höjda levnadsstandarden och på grund av det gynnsamma geografiska läget ökar svenska företagens intresse för regionen. För att öppna upp regionens ekonomi för direkta investeringar från utlandet introducerades Special Economic Zone. Syftet med SEZ-Kaliningrad var att kompensera regionen för det isolerade läget genom tull- och skattelättnader för varor som tillverkas där. SEZ-insatsen i Kaliningrad har attraherat en del direkta investeringar, men resultaten har hittils inte varit speciellt imponerande.Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att genomföra en studie av de skandinaviska företagens erfarenheter av SEZ-Kaliningrad.

The most common form of hair loss in young and old people is androgenic alopecia. Hereditary hair loss affects both men and women. Hereditary hair loss in some women begins at the age of 30, but as a rule hair loss begins in post-menopausal women. In women the hair thins out in an oval portion of the front part of the scalp. In men, hair loss can start as early as at the age of 20.

The aim of the study was to examine how social workers investigate and assess addiction cases whether gender matters or not. The following questions were asked in the study; ? Does the gender of the client influence whether a case is opened after the first meeting at the Addiction Unit? ? Do social workers consider there is a difference in handling an addiction treatment investigation when the client is a man or a woman? ? Do divergences exist in the assessment and the final decision process when the case concerns a man or a woman? The study is based on the qualitative method. The material is gathered from semi-structured interviews with social workers. Their job tasks include assessment and evaluation of addiction cases.

AbstractA systematic replication study was conducted at the training site at the University of Karlstad. Student therapists performed cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) as a part of their master?s degree in psychology.  The systematic replication that took place was based on the work of Hiltunen et al. (2013), who evaluated the efficacy of CBT treatment conducted at the training site previously mentioned.

Introduction: Each year 1200-1300 patients are diagnosed with head neck cancer. Treatment that involves radiotherapy can cause severe side effects for example trismus that affects quality of life.Purpose: To study health-related quality of life in patients who have undergone radiation treatment for head and neck cancer and participated in a intervention group who received training intended to prevent trismus or in a control group who received standard treatment.Method: This is a prospective study in which data is collected from 66 patients participating in a randomized study aiming to evaluate a training program to prevent trismus. Thirty three participated in the intervention group and thirty three in the control group. Both patient groups assessed health related quality of life (HRQOL) with EORTC QLQ C30 and QLQ-H&N35, at start and end of the radiation treatment, and at 3 and 6-months after completing radiation treatment.Results: There is no difference between the intervention and control groups regarding symptoms, functional status and global health, except for intake of nutritional supplements.  For both groups almost all scales measuring HRQOL deteriorated under the radiation treatment. However, 3 and 6 months after end of radiotherapy HRQOL had improved and had returned to the baseline values.

This is a qualitative study that explores the involvement of the relatives in the special housing based on the perspective of fourteen interviewees working in elderly care, at special housing.The purpose of this study is to analyze the nursing staff's view of the involvement of the relatives and the presence of care provision at special housing. The study is to find out what can constitute support or obstacles to the relatives.Three questions have been presented as the structural basis upon which the objective finds its conclusion. These questions try to explore and identify the forms of support that can help relatives in their involvement in elderly care. There are opportunities and obstacles for the involvement of the relatives in the care of the elderly as well as expectations of nursing staff on the role of the relatives in the care of the elderly which the following study focuses on.The research reflected in this study involves the care staff and their experiences and views on the relatives who have their older live permanently in residential care.In conclusion, the study identifies similar reasoning among respondents regarding to key aspects of the relatives at the special housing. They emphasizes that relatives are needed there and they are important resource for both the residents and the staff.The results indicate that there may be both opportunities and obstacles for the involvement of the relatives.

Breast cancer is the most common tumor disease among women in Sweden. About 7000persons, having a median age of 65, are diagnosed each year with this disease. Withmammography screening, breast cancer can be detected in an early stage which improves theoverall survival (OS). 20-30 % of the breast cancer tumors are overexpressing humanepidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), which is a protein that stimulates cell proliferation.Trastuzumab (Herceptin®) is a humanised monoclonal antibody that targets the HER2-proteinand prevent the signals for cell proliferation.Trastuzumab has earlier been used for treatment of metastatic breast cancer. In the year of 2007trastuzumab was approved for adjuvant treatment of patients who has been medicated withsurgery and/or radiation.The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of adjuvant treatment with trastuzumab inHER2-positive breast cancer patients.