This report was undertaken at the request of the Management and maintenance department of Swedish National Road Authority (Vägverket Region Sydöst) in Jönköping.In 1992, the management and maintenance of Swedish roads were laid out on external constructors. When putting out a tender for the work, the foundation is from a national set of rules which are in constant change. This report is limited to winter road upkeep.The trend in the invitation for tenders is that it is moving from the more conventional executional demands towards the less controlling demands. The downside of functional, less controlling demands is that it is difficult to articulate how to measure them. The order authority therefore has to find ways to make sure to get what has been paid for.In connection to the invitation for tender of winter road upkeep for 2005, the new set of rules, ATB Vinter 2003 was deployed.The main purpose of this thesis is to see which the big changes in the set of rules are and how these changes affect the organisation and activities of the constructor.It is also studied how the changes in execution is perceived by road users and how it affects the possibilities of the constructor to come as a newcomer to a new area of administration.Interviews and examination of sets of rules has led to a list of a number of changes that the constructors feel affect their work in any sense.Views from road users that have come in to the order authority have been scrutinized to see how they have experienced the change.

During the 8th and 9th of January 2005 a devastating storm named Gudrun entered the south of Sweden and a big part of the forest owners got their forests damaged. The study objective was to investigate on which basis and how the affected forest owners made their managment decisions immediately after the storm and if there are any differences between different categories of forest owners. - Members ? non members in a forest owner association (FOA) - Resident owners ? non resident owners - Female and male forest owner The study is based on a questionnaire survey with the purpose to examine the most important counsellor and information channels of the forest owners. A total of 450 forest owners participated in the survey. Results show that all categories of forest owners prefer professional counselling rather than personal counselling.

In this textual analysis I have examined the book Att följa Jesus by Ulf Ekman and information from Word of Life's official website. The aim of this study is to see how a religious leader is shaping the identity of the groups members after a certain pattern that differs from the surrounding, secular society. The research focus  of this essay includes several aspects:  how a culture is formed in a religious minority in contrast to the prevailing cultural context; how the material can be explained by Paul Pruyser?s theory on the psychological worlds; how what Ulf Ekman writes about distinguishing themselves from the environment differs from how other religious minority groups distinguish their identity;  and,  how the psychological world, expected behavior, and context of Word of Life can be structured by Valerie DeMarinis? model of assessment. I have placed Word of Life in a realistic illusionistic world developed from Paul Pruyser?s theory of psychological worlds.

Begravningsplatser är områden som upptar stora ytor av stadens rum men som kansägas vara något förbisedda i samhällsplaneringen. Det finns få studier, speciellt i ensvensk kontext, som har studerat begravningsplatsens rumsliga praktik. Studiensövergripande syfte har varit att undersöka begravningsplatsen roll i staden med Norrabegravningsplatsen i Solna kommun som utgångspunkt. För att göra detta på ettmeningsfullt sätt inspirerades analysen av Henri Lefebvres rumsskapande teori som serrummet som en helhet där det uppfattade, tänkta och det levda samspelar för att skapaplatsen. Teorin influerade i sin tur de använda metoderna som bestod av djupintervjueroch intervjuer med besökare, ostrukturerade och strukturerade observationer samtdokumentanalys.

SammanfattningUppsatsen beskriver konflikten mellan elefanter och människor kring Tarangire nationalpark. Som är en park som är mycket känd för mängden elefanter som de har, så det är ett växande problem. Själva fokusen ligger på hur elefanterna förstör för de lokala befolkningen och vad som kommer hända om elefanterna får fortsätta att öka i antal som de gör nu. Uppsatsen ska undersöka vad man kan göra för att bevara det vilda djurlivet i synnerhet elefanterna, men samtidigt skydda jordbrukare mot elefanter som äter upp och förstör deras grödor.Men genom att befolkningen i Tanzania ökar gör det att människor flyttar allt närmare Tarangire nationalpark och dom korridorer som djuren använder för deras traditionella vandringar. Allt detta skapar stora problem genom att djurens habitat minskar, vilket resulterar i att bland annat elefanterna orsakar stora skador på jordbrukarnas fält, genom att de äter upp grödor eller trampar sönder grödorna.Alla jordbrukare kring Tarangire nationalpark hade detta problem och många kände en uppgivenhet eftersom ingen hjälpte dem, verken nationalparkerna eller regeringen.

To achieve the requirements to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases by 20 % by 2020, Swedenneeds to increase its use of bioenergy. In doing so it seems natural that those who already haveaccess to large amounts of biofuels in the form of by-products such as straw, wood chips anddigestible materials take advantage of these assets locally. By combining production of heat withpower production at the farm it may be possible to not only reduce the direct use of fossil fuel forheating but also reduce energy costs.The purpose was to simulate different cases of using a small scale biofueled combined heat andpower plant for farm-based systems. A MatLab-model was developed and used to draw conclusionsabout the costs for production of heat and electricity with different conversion technologies.The model uses climate data to simulate the variations in heat energy demand on a day-to-day basis.The given heat demand is the base of the simulation and from this the possible electric output iscalculated. This study has focused on the impact of the following properties: electric-, heat- andtotal efficiency, fuel, fuel price and specific fuel requirements.

Syftet med denna undersökning är att undersöka blivande idrottslärares erfarenheter av och smak för natur och friluftsliv och hur det kommer till uttryck i deras föreställningar om natur och friluftsliv i utbildningen och skolämnet idrott och hälsa.I studien, som har en kvalitativ ansats, har använts ostrukturerade intervjuer i fokusgrupper. Resultatet är analyserat med hjälp av Bourdieus teorier och begrepp om fält, kapital, habitus och smak.Resultatet visar att respondenterna i denna studie har erfarenhet av friluftsliv av det enkla slaget. När de börjar sin lärarutbildning i friluftsliv uppstår en krock i mötet mellan respondenternas habitus med enkelt friluftsliv i närmiljön och lärarutbildningens ?spelregler? där vana och erfarenheter av mer exklusivt friluftsliv erkänns värde. Smak eller avsmak för friluftsliv förstärks under utbildningen.

This project was initiated by a desire to improve our knowledge about animal welfare. It is a part of a series of projects involving the way dogs are kept in today?s society. The aim of this project was to investigate the dog?s behaviour when left alone in a parked car.

This master thesis is written at the Royal Institute of Technology during the spring and summer of 2008.The assignment was to investigate what factors on a broadband market determine how well it performsin terms of how many people have access to broadband. These are the factors that determine whetheror not a country or market will be able to achieve a high broadband penetration. The purpose of thisthesis was to establish a better understanding for what a market should look like or how a strugglingone can be complemented in order to succeed.As a foundation for this investigation, a group of benchmark countries were chosen and evaluated. Inaddition to this, a group of, developing MENA2-countries were chosen and evaluated. Finally, interviewswere performed with some of Sweden?s leading internet service providers, the regulatory agency andinfrastructure company, Skanova.Among the benchmark countries were Sweden, France, Canada, South Korea and Japan.

This essay is an analysis of the objects made of bronze found in an excavation Västergarn parish, Gotland, in 2010, conducted by the University of Gotland. The studied material presented in this essay comes from contexts inside, as well as nearby the foundation of a medieval building which purpose is still not certain. The first purpose of this study is to present the bronze-objects found inside and nearby the foundation of house 6, and to see if there are any datable objects. There is also a discussion whether there has been any bronze-crafting in the area. The second purpose is to make a contextual analysis to see if there are any differences between the material found outside and inside of the building, and what conclusions can be made regarding the function and use of the building.

As a small and land scarce country, effective waste management is ofoutmost importance in Singapore. In this study the production of biogasthrough anaerobic digestion from the organic fraction of municipal solidwaste (OFMSW) was compared to incineration of the waste. At the momentalmost all of the OFMSW in Singapore is incinerated. Three differentscenarios were compared to the reference scenario (incineration): one with alarge scale biogas plant that can treat half of all OFMSW in Singapore, onewith a medium scale biogas plant about 15 times smaller than the large oneand one with a small scale biogas plant that can treat waste from e.g. ashopping center or a food center.By using life cycle assessment (LCA) the different scenarios were comparedin terms of global warming potential (GWP), acidification, eutrophication,energy use and land use.

Research concerning movement patterns of wild animals has been advancing since GPS technology arrived. But studying the snow leopard (Panthera uncia) is still difficult because of the harsh territory it inhabits in Central Asia. This study took place in south Gobi, Mongolia, and aimed to estimate the time spent at kills and the maximum distance away from kills between visits. Snow leopards were monitored with GPS collars that took a location every five or seven hours. Potential kill sites were established by identifying clusters of GPS-locations in ArcGIS and visited in the field for confirmation.

A possible way to reduce pollution and slow down the process of global warming is to increase the usage of renewable energy sources. One of these renewable energy sources is solar power. With the aid of solar panels and solar cells the energy from the sun can be transformed into both heating and electricity. The requirement to use the sun in this fashion is a suitable surface, for example a big roof, an angle between 40-60 degrees and that the surface should be exposed to the south. Almost every farm meets these requirements.

Syftet med den här essän är att synliggöra svårigheter i förskolans värld. I förskolan är man omgiven av människor med olika bakgrunder, kunskaper och erfarenheter. Jag som pedagog, ska kunna förhålla mig professionellt till medarbetare, föräldrar och ledning. Men när man uppfattar brister i barnsäkerheten uppstår flera svårigheter. I essän undersöker jag en fråga utifrån två arbetsroller.

Examensarbetet presenterar ett förslag till stadsomvandling på Långebro, som är ett centralt beläget verksamhetsområde sydost om Kristianstad centrum. Föreslaget ska fungera som underlag och inspirationskälla för att visa hur området kan nyexploateras såvida de stora och störande anläggningarna i området flyttas ut till stadens periferi, där de en gång förlades. Nu har staden växt och området har god potential att integrerads med Kristianstads centrum. Målet för det nedgångna och lågexploaterade verksamhetsområdet har varit att skapa en måttfull, vacker och attraktiv funktionsblandad stadsdel med mark för bostäder, arbetsplatser, handel och rekreation. Områdets närhet till Kristianstads centrum har gjort att innerstadens utformning av kvarter, parker, torg och rumsbildningar har varit förebild för den nya stadsdelen. Planförslagets har däremot vägt upp centrumets nackdelar med för få grönytor och för få varierande bostadsalternativ. Resultatet blev ett planförslag innehållande ca 2.500 bostäder med varierande husutformning, två nya boulevarder dit mer kommers med liv och rörelse förläggs, kajpromenad längs med Helge å för att öka vattenkontakten, ett torg, flera parker samt ett ?park and ride? tåg.