Voice over IP (VoIP) is a relatively new technology that enables voice calls over data networks.With VoIP it is possible to lower expenses, and increase functionality and flexibility. FromSwedish Armed Forces point of view, the security issue is of great importance, why the focus inthis report is on the security aspect of the two most common open-source VoIP-protocols H.323and SIP, some of the most common attacks, and counter-measures for those attacks.Because of the level of complexity with a network running H.323 or SIP, and the fact that it hasyet to stand the same level of trial as of traditional telephony, a VoIP-system includes manyknown security-issues, and probably at present many unknown security flaws.The conclusion is that it takes great knowledge and insight about a VoIP-network based onH.323 or SIP to make the network satisfyingly safe as it is today, and is therefore perhaps not asuitable solution for the Swedish Armed Forces today for their more sensitive communications..

The purpose of this essay is to study the film culture in South Africa in a national cinema-context, focusing on the relationship between anti-apartheid film from 1974-1994 and the film in South Africa today. By pitching the South Africa-specific works of Lucia Saks and Jacqueline Maingard against the over-arching debate on national cinema as formulated by, amongst others, Stephen Crofts and Andrew Higson, this study aims to find whether or not a specific South African national cinema have existed, and exists today, or not. The study finds that an underground culture of documentaries and short films made by and for the black population has been in place since the apartheid, and the distribution method on video and television is still being used to reach the black population today. By re-examining the concepts of both the national, and of national cinema to also include film on video and television, the study shows that South Africa has indeed a film culture that can be called a national cinema..

Healthcare in Sweden are in need of a drastic change to meet the requirements of highly developed societies, and information technology is seen as an essential part to get there. However, the Swedish healthcare have to challenge their traditional innovation approaches as well. For example, it has become more common to engage patients in the innovation process through web-based platforms. We have been focusing on an approach called co-creation by studying a workshop, in which potential users and other stakeholders are cooperating creatively to come up with innovative solutions in order to improve healthcare practice. Our findings suggests that co-creation may increase the mutual understanding between different stakeholders, for example healthcare professionals and IT developers, enable horizontal learning through and outside the organization and also to raise concepts and actions that are responding to healthcare needs.

This degree projects made on behalf of AB Karl Hedin to find out what private forest estate owners would like to have on a forestry-related website. The reason for finding out what estate owners think of the forest websites is to meet needs of the forest owners who are customers of AB Karl Hedin. Marketing and use of the Internet for information search for products and services are two key concepts in this study. To be able to perform the study, a telephone survey was made to find out what estate owners want and what they are missing on a forest site. The survey can be summarized at following conclusion: The marketing of AB Karl Hedin website must be stronger The forest owners want more information on forest business, prices and forestry services.

This report deal with grades and evaluation in intermediary school, which grading systemshas been and is used in intermediary school and their benefits and disadvantages. The purposewith this report is to find out how the different grading systems has functioned since thebeginning of the Swedish intermediary school to present day and speculate what the futurewill show considering the changes the Swedish school in general is facing. My main result isthat the literature and the teachers, both retired and active, share the same view regarding thepros and cons with grading. When it comes to the matter of in which class should initiate, allthe approached teachers has different opinions. The procedure which I used to get my resultsincludes a literature analysis about grading and evaluation, covering both printed andelectronic sources, where I have compared the views of the different scholars.

In Nuclear family as status Dennis Wijk examines if and how the nuclear family ideals and norms permeates family law secretaries work with families. The aim of the study is to investigate if the nuclear family has the status of ideals and norms in the family law secretaries practice. In order to achieve the aim of conducted four interviews with family law secretaries in Stockholm city. The interviews have been the main data collection. Theoretical concepts which are central in the study are: the nuclear family, institution, ideals, standards, and established and outsiders.

Purpose: The aim of the thesis is to identify principles of valuation and to reach a solution for how Statens järnvägar can present their leased railroad vehicles in the future.Methodology: The authors have done a case study through a qualitative approach. Interviews have been done with Statens järnvägar, Näringsdepartementet and Riksrevisionen. Annual reports from Banverket and Luftfartsverket have been studied.Theoretical perspectives: The regulations that rule the authorities are a base for the study.Earlier researches done within the subject are presented in this section.Empirical foundation: The empirical foundation of this study consists of primary- and secondary data. The primary data is collected from the interviews that have been done, whilst the secondary data is composed of annual reports, regulations and various other documents.Conclusions: The authors have come to the conclusion that the method of valuation that Statens järnvägar choose, depends a lot on the vehicles hypothetical future. It is difficult to say that only one of the methods would be the correct one..

Rooted in Industrial Ecology (IE) theory, this report evaluates how urban agricultural concepts and techniques, can contribute to improved ecological sustainability within the inner city boundaries of Stockholm. An overarching literary study as well as an interview was carried out, resulting in a qualitative analysis followed by suggestions for practical implementations. A substantial convergence was found between the eco-restructuring objectives of IE and the principal motives for urban agriculture. Consequently, eco-restructuring objectives are found in varying degrees in the presented urban agricultural techniques. Industrial symbioses, permaculture and combinations of urban agricultural techniques are tools which are capable of corresponding adequately to the diversity of urban settings.

In 2010 Swedish political parties used commercials broadcasted on TV for the first time in order to gain votes in a general election. In connection with the election the parties were criticized for not succeeding to formulate a story to the voters that conveyed how they wanted to change Sweden. In this paper I use central concepts from rhetoric, storytelling, postmodernism and psychology to formulate three demands each on the narrator, the story and its reception. Using the resulting image of what distinguishes a good narrator, a good story and a good reception as a starting point, I investigate to what extent the critique was justified. My findings indicate that the degree to which the commercials fulfill these demands vary greatly.

Possessory liens and legal liens are two securities that has been the subject of debate from legal scholars for quite some time. Possessory liens are often viewed as a weaker security compared to legal liens. However, upon closer examination it turns out that possessory liens in most cases provide the the same opportunity to sell the property withheld as security. This possibility makes possessory liens resemble, if not be identical to, legal liens. Both securities arise by operation of law and grant the right to both withhold and sell property in the event of non-payment.

Creating instructions is not just about words, but also about text structure. A company creates many instructions to document their management systems, which often are presented through an intranet. This study examines how the text can be presented to make content understandable and give employees the knowledge to take action. An interview survey was made at Skanska Sweden and their management system "Vårt sätt att arbeta". The results show that it is mainly about creating an overview of the system and creating separations between different text sections.

The purpose of this study is to describe and analyze how companies offering tailor made products on the internet, can work with their marketing and their customer relationships. The study will answer the purpose from a service management perspective and there will also be presented theories from an Electronic Commerce perspective.The starting point for this study was the qualitative method. The essay builds its empirical material from interviews with knowledgeable persons in the subject and the owner of the company whose products are tailor made and sold on the internet. It was conducted seven interviews, four of which were face-to-face, two conducted by mail and finally there was made a telephone interview.Conclusions have been drawn based on the empirical material and theory. The study has been able to identify three concepts that are central to this type of product: Site-building, customer involvement and promotion & relationship management..

SvenskaDetta är en kvalitativ studie som är baserad på semistrukturerade intervjuer. Syftet med detta arbete är att ta reda på hur två matematiklärare och en specialpedagog ser på/beskriver matematik­svårigheter och hur de arbetar med elevernas matematiksvårigheter som de upp­täcker hos sina elever. Jag är väldigt intresserad av att höra vilka matematik­svårigheter och orsaker till matematiksvårigheter lärarna ser hos sina elever samt lära mig hur skolan och lärarna jobbar med dessa svårigheter hos eleverna. Samtliga informanter hade samma svar på mina forskningsfrågor. I resultaten av hela min studie har jag kommit fram till att orsaker till elevernas matematiksvårigheter bland annat är: dåliga baskunskaper, låga baskunskaper förståelse av positionssystem samt begrepp.

Zero knowledge protocols is a lesser known type of protocol that can be used for identification. These protocols are especially designed not to reveal any information during an identification process that can be misused later on, neither by the one who should be convinced of the identity of the user, nor by anyone else that is eavesdropping. Many of these protocols are also especially designed for implementation in smart cards. The more common type of card with a magnetic stripe has during the last few years become more susceptible to attacks since they are easily copied. Smart cards combined with a secure identification protocol has been predicted to be the solution to this problem.

This project includes development of new packaging for dry spices and an investigation of how to automate the production line. The preliminary investigations show needs of an environmental friendly packaging possible to re-close. After screening for suitable materials three concepts were developed, a stand-up pouch, a plastic jar and a metal can. The pouch was excluded in a concept choosing process. In this process it was also decided to further develop the metal can concept.