Surrogacy is an arrangement in which a woman carries, delivers, and then relinquishes a baby to commissioning parents. The arrangement challenges traditional norms and definitions of reproduction, pregnancy and motherhood, and at the same time raises difficult ethical, philosophical and social questions. There is currently an ongoing debate in Sweden, where all forms of surrogacy is illegal. The debate is polemical and harsh, with advocates arguing that surrogacy is defensible on the basis of individual rights and women's right to choose over their own bodies, and those in opposition are convinced on an intersectional basis that women are being used and exposed on the market of surrogacy.The purpose of this study is to investigate the debate on surrogacy in the Swedish context. Using qualitative text analysis, the study aims to increase understanding about the debate over surrogacy by analyzing texts published in Swedish press during 2010-2013.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrund: Enligt WHO begås årligen cirka 800 000 självmord av människor världen över. I Sverige år 2012 begick 1151 personer suicid. Att förlora ett barn kan medföra en försämrad psykisk hälsa som följd. Studien har vårdvetenskapen som teoretisk referensram med fokus på hälsa, lidande och människan både som individ och del av en helhet.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva upplevelsen av psykisk hälsa hos föräldrar vars barn genomfört suicid.Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudium med latent innehållsanalys av sex kvalitativa och två kvantitativa artiklar.Resultat: Resultatet presenteras i tre teman: Den utlämnade människan, den lidande människan och den förnyande människan. Frekvent förekom känslor av skuld, maktlöshet, utanförskap och svårigheter att gå vidare i livet, självdestruktiva tankar och handlingar, ångest, depression och sorg.

I den här studien undersöker vi hur några amerikanska situationskomedier (komediserie med fokus på roliga situationer) uppfattas av en ung svensk publik. Vi har fokuserat på kortare klipp från fyra olika serier (ett klipp från varje), då det är lättare för publiken att koncentrera sig på ett tema men ändå för oss att se en skillnad mellan olika serier. Serierna vi har använt oss av är Two and a half men, The Fresh prince of Bel Air, How I met your mother och Friends (Vänner). Vårt material består av klipp från fyra amerikanska sitcoms (situationskomedi). Metoden består dels av en webbenkät för vanliga tittare och analyser av svaren och klippen (delar av avsnitten).

The purpose of this study is to examine how the work with young people at home to care and accommodation (HVB) are organized in a municipality outside Karlstad and how the staff perceive emotions in the workplace. The issues that are discussed are based on the concepts of social ties, emotional labor, roles, shame and pride. The number of people who are fleeing in the world is today about 51 million. There has not been this high since World War II. The Swedish Migration Board calculated that about 7,000 of these people were unaccompanied children and came to Sweden in 2014.

In the beginning of this century United Nations expressed their concern about the lack of female participation in politics through a number of resolutions and conventions. To ensure sustainable development and democracy, United Nations argued the importance of women?s participation in every level of politics within a state.Burma is a country that is in the middle of an ongoing democratization process and women are not considered to participate in this process. The purpose of this thesis is therefore to analyze the experience of politically involved Burmese women in their political participation progress.This study has been realized through semi-structured interviews with nine Burmese women, in both Thailand and Burma. The questions that have been asked are about what societal and cultural barriers women meet when they are, or want to be, political involved, both from the society and within their own political organizations.

ABSTRACT. Introduction: Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retrovirus which occurs worldwide and spreads between humans mainly through sex, from mother to child, blood and blood products and between injecting drug users. After been infected with HIV for a couple of years the final stage of the infection progress into Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), and there is no cure or vaccine, only medication that delays the development of the disease. Objective: The aim of this thesis is to examine the preventive work against HIV in Sweden, the groups at risk for getting infected and to highlight sexual attitudes and behaviours among adolescents and young adults. Method: A literature based study method was used and the material is based on scientific articles and reports from active actors within the field of HIV prevention.

The radio is a medium we often listen to whilst doing something else. We wake up, do the dishes, cook or drive to work. Radio as a medium reaches many people, regardless of whether it is through conscious or unconscious listening. We thereby thought it was an important medium to scrutinize in our study. The focus of our study is on the gender representation in P3 Nyheters broadcasts.

Background: About five percent of the infants being born in Sweden are cared for in a neonatal unit because of their prematurity. Breastfeeding and breast milk is considered to be the best nutrition for infants in general and for premature infants in particular. The premature infant, depending on how premature, may not be able to breastfeed effectively due to their immaturity. Stress, anxiety and fatigue are factors that affect breast milk production in a negative direction and these feelings are common in the neonatal unit.Aim: To illuminate mothers? experiences of breastfeeding the premature infant in the neonatal unit.Method: A literature review of eight studies with a qualitative research approach, published between the year 2000 and 2012 was conducted.

The aim of this study is to investigate what kind of support unaccompanied children needs when arriving in Sweden, according to the staff that is receiving unaccompanied asylum seeking children in Sweden. The method is qualitative and is based on interviews and previous research. The result shows that the main subjects who were of interest from the interviews are elementary need, the support offered, security, ?parental gestalt?, education, leisure, obstacles in the work.All the interviewees describe young people's needs very different when it differs from person to person. The support children receive is the most important factor that unaccompanied children need to be developed and get a better and safer life.

The purpose of this study is to investigate how the authors of Matthew and Luke describe Joseph; The main aim is to see how the picture of him is drawn in the infancy narratives of their respectiveGospels; what unites, and what distinguishes the pictures of the two evangelists' account of Joseph,as a character and as a father.With the help of both textual and grammatical criticism, this study investigates - pericope bypericope - different aspects of Joseph's participation in the infancy narratives of Matthew and Luke; his relationship to the child and the mother, the terms used to describe him, and his overall modusoperandi. This essay builds its structure upon the individual study of each pericope, with the aim of painting a general and summarized picture.From the outset of already formulated uniting characteristics of the two gospels, as stated in Raymond E Brown's The Birth of the Messiah this study proposes that more can be said about the common features of Matthew and Luke, especially concerning Joseph's both character and relationto the child. First, this study suggests that both Matthew and Luke describe Joseph as the legal father of Jesus; second, both evangelists seems to describe Joseph as observant of Jewish law andcustom.The main impression of the two evangelists' birth narratives is however the differencesconcerning the description of Joseph. This study shows that there is one major common feature: the ambivalence evident in the evangelists' way of describing Joseph. On the one hand, both Matthew and Luke prescribe Joseph some importance; Matthew by describing Joseph and letting him act,Luke by calling him father and parent.

AbstraktBakgrund. Anknytning är ett viktigt band som skapas mellan mor och barn, detta är viktigt för att barnet ska utvecklas till en trygg person. För att anknytning ska uppstå krävs mycket närhet och värme. Vid brist på anknytning blir barnet passivt och apatiskt.Syfte. Syftet med denna studie var att belysa hur anknytningsprocessen mellan mor och barn kan påverkas vid olika förlossningssätt.Metod.

Karin Boyes Crisis (Kris) was published in 1934 as a contribution to the contemporary ideas of moral issues, challenging the dominating traditionalism within the literature critisism.With different kinds of stylistic procedures is Crises expressing a self which seeks to relieve itself from the repressing experience of Language. The text shows an attempt to create meaning beyond the conventional system of linguistic signs, beyond the tradition of literature.The focus in the essay is the self; the self is the basic structure and the theme of the text. Crisis shows it?s self-assuredness and points out a dialogue with the nietzschean philosophy. Nietzsche claims that the truth is a rhetorical creation, something which the language produces in the will of power.

Huvudsyftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur förskollärare arbetar med flerspråkiga barn i förskolan. Jag valde att använda mig av en kvalitativ intervjumetod, då jag ville ha pedagogernas resonemang och åsikter.Båda förskolorna som jag har varit på och gjort mina intervjuer på visar att pedagogerna visar ett stort intresse genom sin nyfikenhet av att lära sig ord och fraser på barnens olika språk. Pedagogerna tar sin hjälp genom att de använder sig av föräldrarna för att få tillgång till ord och fraser som hjälper pedagogerna i verksamheten. Det är övervägande bland pedagogerna att de uppmuntrar barnen om att prata sitt modersmål även på förskolan med varandra, pedagogerna påpekar även hur viktigt det är att föräldrarna pratar sitt modersmål hemma med barnen. Pedagogerna vill att varje barn ska känna stolthet över sitt ursprung, språk och kultur.Förskolorna använder sig av sång, musik och sagor, de delade även in barnen i smågrupper för att alla ska få komma till tals.

AbstractThis paper is a study in press reception with the intent to examine how twelve female actionheroes have been portrayed in Swedish media between 1974 ? 2006. The purpose is to discern patterns and differences in how the female movie character is received by their contemporary journalists and to relate their views to social and gender related theories. The female actionhero is an independent and brutal character, often alone and without a mother or a child. This separates her from typical female roles, which historically been characterized by passivity, fear and dependency on the male characters in the movie. The female actionhero as a character opens up for complex reception. One perspective in the research identifies the independent woman as a feministic icon.

Högskolan i Gävle    Examensarbete C Akademin för utbildning och ekonomi   15 hp Lärarprogrammet     Vårterminen 2011Titel: Språket i första eller andra hand? En uppsats om språkutveckling, modersmål och svenska som andraspråk.   Författare: Kajsa Hjelmblom Handledare: Daniel PetterssonSammanfattning Studiens syfte är att undersöka om lärare i grundskolans tidigare år känner till hela skolans språkutvecklande uppdrag och ta reda på hur klasslärare arbetar med att främja elevernas språkutveckling. Syftet är också att ta reda på om arbetet med elevernas språkutveckling skiljer sig mellan skolor med få eller många elever med invandrarbakgrund samt att undersöka om det finns något samarbete mellan klasslärare och modersmålslärare. Studien är en kvantitativ studie i liten skala.