Thymidine kinase 1 (TK1) is an intracellular enzyme involved in ?the salvage pathway? where the uncomplete parts of DNA are transformed into DNA precursors. The expression of TK1 is cell cykle specific, with the highest level during S-phase when DNA-synthesis is most active. One kind of TK1 is present in serum and an increase in TK1 activity in serum is due to either the level of DNA synthesis in the body or the number of cells dying in a state of replication. This can be used and is used as a marker for prognosis and evaluation of treatment in human patients with leukemia and lymphoma.

Studiens fokus är sovjetkommunismen och elevers kunskaper i detta ämnesområde i förhållande till styrdokumenten för gymnasiekursen historia A. I studien utreds genom granskning av relevanta styrdokument kunskapsområdets betydelse, samhällets krav, skolsystemets krav samt gymnasieelevers kunskapsläge. Detta kunskapsläge har testats genom ett diagnostiskt test på en gymnasieskola i Skåne under våren 2006, vilken valts ut som ett least likely case på grund av skolans i övrigt goda resultat. Resultaten av testet visade på en låg kunskapsnivå om sovjetkommunismen och delvis om 1900-talets historia i allmänhet hos eleverna, i förhållande till kursmålen och betygskriteriet för betyget Godkänd i historia A. Vidare diskuteras eventuella implikationer av detta resultat och förslag ges till vidare studier..

Word-of-mouth marketing (WOM) has been considered as one of the most effective marketing tools, yet the least understood. While its lucrative effects have been well proven in academic studies worldwide, little is yet known of why consumers engage in WOM, and what factors actually drive this sought-after behavior, particularly in an online context. While today's research lacks holistic views on the simultaneous effects of multiple WOM-drivers, this paper takes on a meta-analytic approach by building on the pertinent literature to construct an aggregated model, including several previously acknowledged drivers divided into two categories: (1) Brand related drivers and (2) Personal and situational drivers. The authors then empirically examine what drivers are the most influential on WOM in an online social media context. By doing so, this thesis does not only contribute to marketing managers' better understanding of online communications management, it also sheds light on the theoretical knowledge of the behavioral drivers of WOM.

Inledning: Surdeg är idag en trend som fångats av många och de flesta bagerier ochdagligvarubutiker säljer bröd som kallas för surdegsbröd. Ett traditionellt surdegsbröd är ettbröd där surdegen används som enda hävningsmedel i brödet.Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka skillnader i sensoriska egenskaper, utifrån ettkonsumentperspektiv, samt GI-värde mellan surdegsbröd, jästbröd och bröd bakat på bådesurdeg och jäst.Material och metod: Metoderna som användes var två olika konsumenttester för att bestämmaskillnader mellan de tre bröden, och en in vitro-metod för att bestämma GI-värde.Resultat: Resultatet visade att konsumenter känner skillnad mellan surdegsbröd och jästbrödoch mellan surdegsbröd och bröd bakat på både surdeg och jäst men däremot inte mellanjästbröd och bröd bakat på både surdeg och jäst. Den syrliga smaken i surdegsbröd minskar ombrödet bakas på både surdeg och jäst. GI-mätningen genom in vitro-metoden visade att brödetbakat på både surdeg och jäst hade lägst GI medan surdegsbrödet hade högst.Slutsats: Ett bröd bakat på både surdeg och jäst är mer likt ett jästbröd än ett surdegsbröd. In vitro-metoden är inte den mest tillförlitliga för att undersöka skillnader i GI för justsurdegsbröd samtidigt som surdegsbrödets pH-värde kan ha varit för högt för att kunna sänkabrödets GI-värde.

Background: Examinations with the intent to assess neurological functions and level of conciousness are common in neurocritical care, but the effect on the patient is not entirely researched.Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the patient?s situation at the neurological wake-up test concerning the environment, nursing interventions and the possibility given the patient to become awake, and if these conditions affect the outcome of the wake-up test.Methods: A quantitative observational study took place at a neurocritical care unit, where 20 patients were observed from interruption of sedation to the neurological assessment, which was performed by a neurosurgeon or a specialized critical care registered nurse. Nursing interventions, environmental factors and physiological parameters were documented.Result: Twelve intervention varieties to control patients? physiological parameters were used. CPP > 80 mmHg was found in 90 % of observations.

Introduction: Balance is a complicated term which includes a static, dynamic and functional part. These parts have, during a long period of time, been included into the existing training programs through several different balance exercises, which aim to prevent sports injuries mostly focused on the knee and ankle. In floorball these injuries are common and a sports injury prevention program is required.Purpose: The purpose is to explain the balance term and relate it to injury prevention training and the existing theories. A second purpose is to see whether five weeks of balance training increases the balance ability in female floorball players and thereby increase the test values in the two tests.Method: Twenty female floorball players participated in the study and were divided into a training group and a control group. They performed a Star excursion balance test (SEBT) and a Multiple single leg hop stabilization test (MSLHST) before and after a five week training period, containing exercises of balance.Results: The training group showed improvement after the training period, however only one significant result was found.

AbstractThis essay discusses the negotiation of the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT) and the process that led up to a signed agreement. The CTBT forbids all nuclear weapon test explosions and all other types of nuclear explosions. The purpose of the study was to distinguish the critical steps of the negotiations that resulted in the success of the CTBT. Based on these insights, my intention was to identify relevant events and actors in the process around the Fissile Material Cut-off Treaty (FMCT), which has been on the nuclear disarmament agenda for over a decade. Furthermore, my ambition was that the examination of the CTBT negotiation would give me some clarity in what the next step would be to get the FMCT back on track.

This paper was part of the ongoing cooperation between the Swedish Civil Aviation Authority and the Department of Psychology at Lund University. The purpose of this study was to develop a self-report measure regarding human factors, for the air traffic controllers to fill out before they start their working shift. This in order to aid the team leaders in their judgment regarding the air traffic controller's ability to perform at the right safety level. The self-report measure would also serve as an aid for the air traffic controllers who have a responsibility regarding their own performance. If successful this self-report measure would make it easier for the air traffic controllers to be alert regarding certain factors that can have a large impact on their performance.

BAKGRUND. 60-90 % av den europeiska befolkningen drabbas någon gång av ländryggsproblem och på grund av den bristande kunskapen att kunna specificera problemen betecknas 95 % som ospecifika. SYFTE. Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att sammanställa validiteten och reliabiliteten för sjukgymnastiska diagnostiska tester som används vid undersökning av besvär från ländryggen. METOD.

Arbetet är en studie som syftar till att ta reda på om det finns skillnader i lärares definitioner på vad ett laborativt arbetssätt är samt hur elevers förmågor och attityder påverkas av det arbetssätt de undervisas med. Undersökningen utfördes i två klasser, den ena klassen arbetade mer traditionellt med problemlösning medan den andra klassen arbetade med nästan samma innehåll laborativt. Arbetet inleddes med en test för att ta reda på elevernas kunskaper i problemlösning. Efter den första testen fortsatte de båda grupperna med att arbeta i fyra veckor på vart sitt sätt med problemlösning. Under tiden genomfördes ett antal intervjuer med både lärare och elever.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate distillers? dried grains with solubles (DDGS) as a protein source to rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), by studying digestibility and growth measurements. One control diet, totally lacking DDGS, and three test diets were made containing 10 % (low), 31% (medium) and 51 % (high) DDGS respectively on dry matter (DM) basis. The control diet and the test diets were made to be as nutritionally equal as possible. Wheat bran was used to balance the fiber content of the diets.

Problem: Använder sig fondförvaltare av ett markant ökat risktagande för att försöka återta förlorad avkastning relativt konkurrenter? Vilka incitament kan leda till en förändring i riskjusteringen? Finns det några faktorer som har samband med riskjusteringen eller är fondförvaltarens riskbeteende slumpartat? Hur väl överensstämmer våra resultat med tidigare studier inom området för vår undersökning? Syfte: Vårt huvudsyfte är att undersöka om det föreligger någon skillnad i förändring av risknivå mellan de fonder som har lägre avkastning än medianen och de fonder som har högre avkastning än medianen. Vårt delsyfte är att försöka förklara medelriskjusteringen under andra halvan av året för de fonder vars avkastning hamnade under medianen för avkastningen under första halvan av året; givet att en sådan förändring föreligger. Metod: Vi utförde först en studie av befintlig teori inom området. Test av turneringshypotesen med hjälp av c2-metoden genomfördes på 41 stycken svenska aktiefonder.

The purpose of this thesis is to study how Malaysia Airlines communicated during the two largest crises of 2014. Key questions to be answered are: Did organizational hypocrisy occur? If yes, in what way? Which communication strategies were used? Did the company mediate an unequivocal message and how was the information framed? Did any aggravating factors, which worsened the organization?s reputation, appear? How did Malaysia Airlines manage possible rumours? Was the word contact used as a keyword? The method of choice is a quantitative content analysis and the material consists of 20 different analysis units. These analysis units were collected from social media and Malaysia Airlines website. The quantitative content analysis is based on the theory Situational Crisis Communication Theory, taken from PR, Strategy and Application, Managing Influence, by W.

This study sought to explore the juvenile crime prevention in Sweden which for the purpose of this report is seen as efforts towards preventing youth criminality and all forms of anti social behaviour by young people.In the study, interviews with six social workers working directly or indirectly with young offenders were conducted. The interview results were analyzed and subjected to transnational comparison with the practice in Kenya. The report explores existing literature on situational crime prevention, restorative justice, the link between drugs and crime, attachment to parents, peers and involvement in convectional activities, gender differences in criminality, partnerships in crime prevention and the juvenile justice system. It uses control, strain, feminist and social disorganization theories to explain the causes of delinquency, analyzes the perceptions of social workers and discusses what works in juvenile crime prevention. The report identifies the causes of delinquency in Kenya and in Sweden as well as the prevention programs that social workers perceive as effective in addressing youth crime.

The loss of such great wetlands, which has arose in Sweden the last decades, has created a situation that threats both the function and the biological diversity within the wetlands. Many ecological niches can be found in the wetlands and it is one of the habitats where most different species exist. In the 17th Century people started to ditch damp environments, such as bogs, to create a productive cultivated ground. Further ditches were made when the forestry gave large economical profits. The wetlands were impoverished from both groundwater and nourishment, and this led to a great loss of species.In a corporation with WWF and Skogsstyrelsen in Arvika, the University of Karlstad has participated in the Laskerudproject, a hydrological restoration-project in a forest landscape.