Important issues for the local authorities are what to do with the sludge produced insewagetreatment plants. The tax for landfill leads to higher costs with 250 SEK/ton. On the 31December 2004 it will be forbidden to landfill sludge.In Sweden the yearly production of sludge is 240 000 tons, counted as DS. The phosphorouscontent is 3 % in sludge. The total yearly production of sludge gives 6000 tons of phosphorous.

Syftet med det h?r arbetet var att visa hur ett varum?rke kan byggas och att prova detta genom en kollektion m?bler och inredningsprodukter under arbetsnamnet îTextila sammanfogningar ñ Gone Bananasî. MÂlet var att p examensutst?llningen kunna presentera en kollektion m?bler. Vi skulle ocks vid examensarbetets slut ha utvecklat en grund till vÂrt varum?rke i bild och text om oss och vad vi g?r.

Vid Boliden Minerals anrikningsverk, i Boliden, planeras ett tellurlakningsverk där det är tänkt att lakningen skall ske i två steg. Varm cyanidlakning görs på flotationskoncentratet och flotationsavfallet skickas för kall cyanidlakning. Varm cyanidlakning görs satsvis och tanken har en maximal gräns för mängden ingående material som styrs av viktsutbyte sulfid hos det ingående material. Ur lakresten från den varma cyanidlakningen planeras för att utvinna tellur genom ytterligare lakningssteg. Även här är det önskvärt att hålla viktsutbytet så lågt som möjligt för att minimera anläggningens storlek.

One of the environmental problems today in seas, lakes and streams is eutrophication. This is often caused by nutrients such as phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) that leak from agricultural areas. A measure to partly prevent the nutrient discharge is to construct or restore wetlands.In order to control the efficiency of nutrient reduction of existing wetlands in the county, the administrative board in Västra Götaland wants to find different criterias for reference wetlands. These reference wetlands should represent other wetlands and be used in future evaluations of reduction of nutrients and design of constructed wetlands. According to the administrative board in Västra Götaland the reference wetlands should have a catchment area of about 50 hectare consisting of at least 70 % arable land, to represent wetlands created to remove nutrients.

The aim of this study was to in laboratory experiments investigate how addition of urea, ECOX and structural materials can optimize sanitization during composting of sewage sludge. Today we strive for a sustainable society and the importance of closing the nutrient loop increases. It has therefore become even more important to safely reuse plant nutrients from human excreta to agricultural land. Partly because it increases the sustainability of society as the world's supply of many nutrients are finite, partly because it promotes human health, both by reducing disease transmission and by increasing Agricultural production. An untapped resource such as sewage sludge that is rich in nutrients and humus-forming materials could replace parts of the commercial fertilizers used in Sweden today. owever, sewage sludge contains undesirable substances such as heavy metals and drug residues, and pathogenic microorganisms.

The standard housing of farmed mink provides little opportunities for them to behave naturally and abnormal behaviours such as stereotypic behaviour and tail biting may occur. To prevent abnormal behaviours animals in captivity are often provided with different kinds of enrichments. The aim of this study was to investigate what kind of enrichment farmed mink use when they have several kinds to choose from and to observe if abnormal behaviours can be decreased with a larger cage and a more multifaceted environment. Totally 20 silver blue, 10 months old female mink were kept in traditional cages (80x30x40 cm) for 7 days and in larger cages (195x80x40 cm) with several types of enrichments for 7 days. The enrichments were wire net- and wooden shelves, wire net- and plastic cylinders, water bath, plastic ropes, branches, straw and tennis balls. One-zero scan sampling on behaviour and choice of place were performed during 3 hours and 20 minutes prior to feeding during 7 days per treatment in April 2004.

Salmonella in cats has been documented for many years. Infection with S. Typhimurium,which is often referred to as Songbird fever, is believed to be caused by birds whoinadvertently infect cats. The disease is often seen during the springtime when songbirdsreturn from their winter habitats, while other birds who have stayed during the winter are intheir weakest condition of health. In the spring of 1999 an epidemic of S.

I den här rapporten beskrivs utförande och resultat vid ett försök att öka automationen av flotationen i anrikningsverket i koppargruvan i Aitik utanför Gällivare. Anrikningsverkets syfte är att skilja värdemineralerna, d.v.s. främst mineraler innehållande koppar men även guld och silver, från resten av mineralerna i malmen. Flotationen kan delas in flera mindre delar. En av dessa kallas samflotationen och kan i sin tur delas in i råflotationen och scavengerflotationen.

Syftet med det h?r arbetet var att visa hur ett varum?rke kan byggas och att prova detta genom en kollektion m?bler och inredningsprodukter under arbetsnamnet îTextila sammanfogningar ñ Gone Bananasî. MÂlet var att p examensutst?llningen kunna presentera en kollektion m?bler. Vi skulle ocks vid examensarbetets slut ha utvecklat en grund till vÂrt varum?rke i bild och text om oss och vad vi g?r.

To the sewer systems households, industries and other activities are connected. The wastewater is collected at treatment plants where a nutritious sludge is produced. The sludge does not only contain nutrients, but also hazardous substances originating from different activities in society. To reduce the flow of hazardous substances to treatment plants and to create a sustainable recycling of plant nutrients the Swedish Water & Wastewater Association has developed the certificate system REVAQ. This certificate requires a good quality of the sludge but also that the treatment plants maps the origin of the unwanted substances.

Det svenska samhället och dess konkurrenslagstiftning bygger på principer om frihandel och perfekt konkurrens där monopol i princip är förbjudna. Tanken bakom detta är att konkurrens är något bra som leder till välfungerande marknader. Den rivalitet som uppstår mellan företag som konkurrerar med varandra föder ett större utbud för konsumenterna med varor och tjänster till bättre kvalité och lägre priser än om konkurrensen inte funnits. Samhällskollektivet som helhet vinner också på konkurrens då det bl a möjliggör nya innovationer, forskning och utveckling, högre sysselsättning och en starkare internationell ställning i världshandeln ? något som främjar samhällsekonomin.

Sociala medier inneba?r ba?de stora hot och mo?jligheter. Mo?jligheterna a?r sto?rre a?n na?gonsin fo?r organisationer att integrera med sina intressenter och utifra?n det bygga starka relationer. Samtidigt inneba?r den snabba spridning av information som kanalerna inneba?r ett hot fo?r organisationer.

Hallsta paper mill uses large amounts of water during the pulp and paper making processes. The wastewater is treated in two separate activated sludge processes referred to as BIO 1 and BIO 2. The main aim is to reduce the organic substance content, measured as COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) before the wastewater is released into the environment. Since the effluent produced is very rich in organic substances, the addition of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are necessary to give satisfactory treatment results. Problems with sludge bulking sometimes occur which lead to increased levels of suspended matter and nutrients in the effluent.

Africa is expected to go through a rapid urbanization over the next four decades and the demand for food is increasing in the rapidly growing urban and peri-urban (UPU) areas. Keeping livestock in urban areas is in particular associated with health hazards. This is due to close interaction between humans and animals, and it has been shown that zoonotic diseases are increasing in urban areas. The benefits of urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) are related to improved food security, in particular among low-income groups. Apart from the negative public health impact of zoonotic diseases, animal disease could have a devastating impact on the economy and food security of many households in these areas. In the present study, three important endemic diseases, including brucellosis, salmonellosis and Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), were analyzed in regard to seroprevalence and risk factors.

Weaning is one of the most critical events in the piglet production with problems such as growth check and post-weaning diarrhea as a result. The lighter the piglets are when the growth check occurs, the harder they have to get back to normal growth rate. Creep feeding of piglets is used to reduce the problems by increasing the weaning weight and adapting the digestive tract to a starter diet. Hodge (1974) showed that the sow?s milk can not provide enough nutrients for maximal growth rate.