The thesis handles the principal-agency problem between shareholders and the Chief Executive Officer. The purpose of the thesis was to examine the link between CEO compensation and corporate performance measured as a change in Market to Book ratio. Data was collected from corporate annual reports between the years 2000 ? 2008 and the study covers 39 Swedish companies from the Stockholm Stock Exchange Large Cap list. To examine whether there is a link between the CEO´s compensation and firm performance, we performed a regression analysis, and no significant relation is found.

The value investing philosophy, which can be traced at least to the teaching of Graham and Dodd in the 1930?s, entails identifying and investing in potentially under valued stocks with a potential for extraordinary returns. The focus of this thesis is to identify patterns and characteristics in financial accounting data preceding creation of shareholder value. The authors of this thesis utilize a multivariate discriminant analysis in order to identify indicators of value creation and subsequent extraordinary returns in value stocks. A discriminant function is derived which successfully identifies which value stocks will eventually become growth stocks.

In 2022 Sweden held a national election where the results forced a coalitionconsisting of four parties to be created. The parties included were reachingfrom center-liberal to the party furthest to the right in the parliament. Withpolitical differences in between each other the parties made an agreementcalled ?Tid?avtalet? to create a collective policy platform that should be livedup to in the following election term. The purpose of this paper is to observe,analyze and discover if any ideological changes occurred with theimplementation of the coalition.

One of the more hopeful signs in the Middle East-conflict during the 20th century was president Sadat´s visit to Jerusalem in November 1977. His speech in Knesset arose deep feelings, from open hostility to careful optimism and belief in the future. During nearly one and a half year Egyptian and Israeli delegations negotiated. They came to a peace-agreement, the Camp David-Accords, under the guidance of the United States. The main-actors during the peace- negotiations were President Sadat, Prime Minister Begin and President Carter.

Collaboration is a form of organization on the rise in Sweden. For health care, it is ofinterest to collaborate with industry to ensure that needs for specialist education andtraining are met and that products developed meet the relevant requirements.Conversely, industry actors have an interest to have a close collaboration with healthcare in order to gain insight into customer needs, provide information about theirproducts and to test products in development.The starting point of this study is an agreement and regulatory framework for formsof collaboration between public health care in Sweden in general and thepharmaceutical industry, the medical device industry and the laboratory technologyindustry. The research questions concerns how this agreement has evolved and theprocess surrounding its emergence may contribute to knowledge about collaborationas a form of organization and the relationship to concepts such as legitimacy,corruption and institutional theory.By tracking the emergence of the current regulatory framework genealogicalthroughout history, the study uncovers how the agreements have played a role in andcontributed to the legitimization and institutionalization of collaboration practices andhow crises have changed the shape of the practices. A theoretical treatment ofrelevant concepts such as legitimacy, institutionalization of practices, corruption andstigmatization of organizations form the basis for an interpretation and analysis of theprocess.The conclusions of the examination of the historical process that led to the currentagreements contribute to empirical knowledge of how crises and stigma affect thelegitimacy of collaboration practices and how the repair of legitimacy can be donesuccessfully after a crisis. The treatment of the empirical material is also a historicalsource for the development of ethics agreements between public health care andpharmaceutical industry and the medical industry in Sweden..

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe the perception of value and risk in CSR as well as analyzing how financial institutions influence responsible behavior in business in order to create sustainable economic growth.Methodology: The study has a qualitative research method used by an abductive process. Data has been collected through semi-structured interviews with respondents from three venture capital companies and three banks. The sample of respondents was done through a convenience sample with respect to access and expertise in the research area.Conclusion: The most important meanings of the research results have shown that CSR holds an intrinsic value concerning contributing value as its conceptual meaning in terms of sustainable development. CSR can also be regarded as a dimension of risk management to reduce the risk of negative externalities on corporate activities. Investors and financiers contribute to sustainable companies through active ownership and improvements in the CSR dimensions.

The purpose of this study has been to find out how service companies work to increase the value of their trademark. A case study with personal interviews was chosen as data collection method and as case study object a service company was chosen. The result of the study shows that service companies strategically work with increasing the value of their trademark. To achieve this, agreement between the company product and the image of the trademark is required..

I en allt mer globaliserad värld ökar betydelsen för ett lands ekonomi att stora konkurrenskraftiga bolag växer fram. First North är en handelplats som erbjuder små och medelstora företag en möjlighet att tillgå externa investerares kapital, vilket kan möjliggöra en omfattande expansion som annars ej hade varit genomförbar. För bolag listade på en handelsplats, är investerares förtroende något avgörande för att kunna växa. Något som dock skett under de senaste åren, är att ett starkt misstroende riktats mot handelsplatsen First North från affärsmedia och investerare. Kritikerna menar att bolagen på First North handlar girigt, och den svaga reglering som omfattar bolagen, inte garanterar en trovärdig förvaltning.

Uppsatsen behandlar Economic Value Added som ett värderingsverktyg för företag. EVA är först och främst ett internt styrmedel och prestationsmått, framtagen av konsultfirman Stern & Stewart. Modellen har dock börjat nämnas mer och mer i värderingssammanhang. Enkelt uttryckt bygger EVA på att ge aktieägare och långivare en skälig avkastning på deras satsade kapital. Räcker inte företagets avkastning till detta ändamål har ej en acceptabel prestationsnivå uppnåtts.

Bakgrund: Alla företag utsätts för risk och en bransch med mycket stor riskexponering är flygbolagsbranschen. Hur risken än hanteras innebär den alltid en kostnad och för att aktieägarvärdet ska bli så högt som möjligt gäller det att minimera denna kostnad. Vilka huvudsakliga risker försäkrar sig passagerarflygbolagen mot? Vilka är motiven till att de försäkrar sig? Är hanteringen av försäkringsbara risker i överensstämmelse med ett aktieägarperspektiv?Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att utifrån finansiell teori analysera passagerarflygbolagens användning av försäkring som riskhanteringsmetod. Analysen sker utifrån ett aktieägarperspektiv.Genomförande: Studien bygger på intervjuer genomförda med försäkringsansvarige på fem olika flygbolag.

Syften med denna uppsats är att studera vilka normer och värderingar som ligger till grund för rekonstruktionen av Afghanistans regeringsinstitutioner, samt vilka strukturer som gör att dessa normer är de hegemoniska globalt. I mitt analysarbete har jag framförallt använt mig av Norman Faircloughs textnära kritiska diskursanalys och ?Världssamhällemodellen?, där begrepp såsom legitimitet och hegemoni står i fokus. Som analysunderlag ligger ?Afghan Bonn Agreement? samt tre resolutioner från Förenta Nationernas (FN) Generalförsamling.Det finns idag tydliga normer som styr vad som anses vara ett legitimt styrelseskick.

After the last European Union expansion the east European countries became members of the European Union. This meant that they would become apart of the Schengen agreement and that they would be able to travel, live and work anywhere in Europe. This came as a shock tothe Scandinavian trade unions that were worried that work migration would escalate, and that it would lead to social dumping, which would make the working conditions worse for the native workers. .The Swedish labour market is build up by the principal of negotiations. The evolution of the labour laws comes from the rules and regulations of collective agreements.The Lex Britannia principal was made to regulate the working conditions for guest workers in Sweden, by making it possible for trade unions to take industrial action against foreign companies to make them sign a Swedish collective agreement.Even though Swedish labour law includes an obligation to maintain industrial peace it is not valid for foreign companies.

Sammanfattning Selektiva distributionsavtal används inom många branscher som ett sätt att reglera handeln med produkter och som ett verktyg för att selektera återförsäljarna. Det senaste året har dessa avtal kommit att nyttjas även inom klockbranschen. Det är en speciell bransch där varumärkena får allt större betydelse och det bidrar till en starkare position för de företag som äger och levererar produkter av de specifika varumärkena. Syftet med detta arbete är att utreda huruvida de selektiva distributionsavtalen medför en begränsning av konkurrensen och om så sker, vilka faktorer det är som skapar begränsningarna. Vidare har en diskussion förts om de villkor som nyttjas verkligen är förenliga med lagstiftningen.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and clarify the facts surrounding one of Vattenfall's district heating plants; The "solar field" and associated rock cavern in Lyckebo, Storvreta. The plant was built in the '80s by the formerly municipal utility,Uppsalakraftvärme AB, as an experimental building. A ground water filled cavern would serve as seasonal storage of solar heat from an adjacent solar field. Since both the energy company and the facility itself has undergone major changes over the past 30 years, there was a great need to gather facts in order to provide a picture of its current condition and potential for continued use. The thesis investigates the plant's history and problems with the rock cavern losses, and how the operation developed. It also presents the calculations regarding the possibilities of again supplementing the facility with solar energy - which is not the case today - as well as the economic conditions for it. Regarding a re-launch of solar energy, primarily a concentrating solar collector has been studied, as it has the advantages of an integrated control system.

A substantial part of the Swedish outdoor education is being practiced in so called ?school forests?. The concept school forest was first introduced in the 1980?s by the organization Skogen i Skolan. The definition of a school forest is an area that is being used for educational purposes, over which the school and the land owner has reached an agreement of how the school may utilize it.