A growing number of cities and municipalities in Sweden begin to work with city models in 3D. For the most part the models are used for visualizations of ongoing planning processes, but also for the analysis of noise, shadow studies and environmental disaster simulations.Gothenburg continues to develop the use of 3D maps in municipal operations and is demanding a way to create building elements (walls), which generates in 3D buildings, from roof constructions that are mapped from the primary map. A method has been investigated in the present study. The results are then presented as a 3D model of buildings, along with a terrain map that will facilitate the localization of the area. The created 3D buildings are then compared with roof-data from the primary map to see how well they harmonize with each other.

En enskild persons eller ett lags prestationer inom idrotten har alltid fascinerat mänskligheten.Det har genom tiderna alltid funnits individer som har urskiljt sig från mängden genom sin personlighet och förmåga att bättre utöva en idrott. Dessa individer blir ofta populära och en förebild för många. Det kommer hela tiden fram nya aktörer som lyfter idrotten till nya nivåer men samtidigt blir konkurrensen allt hårdare. Idag räcker det inte alltid med att enbart vara en talang.Det är mycket som har förändrats de senaste decennierna. Tidigare var det enklare att urskilja sig från mängden.

The measuring of logs is important in the sawmills process to the sawn products. The technology of automatic wood measurement is continuance developing. This study has the purpose to see how the different techniques and the routines works of measure frames for determining of wood value and sorting in sawmills. The study is performed as a literature study and a survey. The survey includes some of the Swedish sawmills that produce more than 10 000 cubic meters sawed products per year.

The purpose of this thesis is to collect knowledge of techniques and materials for planning roofgardens. Gardens built on top of buildings is not a new phenomenon, already in the beginning of the century architects were experimenting with roofgardens. During the Modern Era roofgardens appeared as a part of the design and worked well together with flat roofs and the ideas of light, air and greenery. Today the most common kind of roofgarden is on a ground-level joist that hides parking or other underground functions. The most important difference between planning a roofgarden and a garden on the ground is the limitation of the load of the roofgarden. Plants, paving-material and equipment must be chosen with this in mind. A light and thin layer of soil demands plants with small needs for water and nutrition.

Den här uppsatsen är en fallstudie inom ämnet inkongruent marknadsföring, där ett reklambyråperspektiv har antagits. Begreppet inkongruent marknadsföring är en term som brukar användas för att beskriva oväntade former av marknadsföring som även kan uppfattas som annorlunda, något som inte överensstämmer med konsumenters förväntningar. Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur inkongruent marknadsföring, med oväntade ?kändisar? i tv-reklam som fokus, kan stärka ett företags varumärke.Det som studien ämnar svara på är vad reklambyråer anser om inkongruent marknadsföring med oväntade kändisar i tv-reklamer, hur samarbetet mellan dess kunder går till gällande hur de ska utforma tv-reklamen, hur de förhåller sig till konsumenters förväntningar/associationer om ett varumärke och passform mellan kändis och produkt, samt reklambyråers uppfattning om hur ett varumärke kan stärkas med hjälp av inkongruent tv-reklam. Baserat på våra forskningsfrågor och uppsatsens syfte har undersökningsmetoden för detta arbete varit av kvalitativ karaktär.

The socialdemokrats? long possession of government power from the 1930?s to 1976 gave them the opportunity to put their stamp on Swedish domestic and foreign affairs in the shadow of the cold war. The government policy in security and foreign affairs, therefore, was that of the socialdemokratic party. The stance of the government has been researched, but it lacks focus on the opposition. The purpose of this paper is to analyse Folkpartiet´s view of security and foreign affairs in comparison with government policy.

Iraq has in recent decades been with internal conflicts between ethnic groups. Despite the enormous wealth of natural resources, more than half of the population remains poor. War and corruption has led to lack of resources and worsening quality of the health sector leading to deteriorating health situation among the population. Womens role and experiences of health and health promotion is important in conflict affected countries to create health and well-being within the family. Objective: the objective of this study was to investigate the maternal experiece of promoting the health of children in an Iraqi context.Method:Aqualitative research methodology with semi-structured interviews was chosen.Six mothers from diffrent neighborhods in the city of kirkuk were interviewed.

Young stands in urban forests often lack a shrub layer, though shrubs play an important structural and biological role in forests. All layers interact with one another to form a multilayered stand, in which shrubs have a vital role.In this diploma thesis, theoretical models for forest dynamics are compared with four reference stands to detect factors, and principals for introduction of shrubs in young stands. In these stands four different ways of introduction were found. In one trees and shrubs were planted together at the same time. Shrubs spontaneous spread under a canopy of mature forest, in another.

The object of the thesis is to propose a new lighting plan for the square Fyristorg in Uppsala, and to describe the process which have led to it. It all started when I choosed the place together with the municipality of Uppsala. I have been doing research and analyzed how the place and it´s existing lighting works both during different times of the day and also in the evening. After researching the place and it´s existing lighting I´ve decided to put up the following goals fot the new lighting design. 1. The general light level of the place shall be experienced as higher than today. 2. The light level of the place shall be adapted to the light levels of surrounding places. 3. The lighting shall be free from glare. 4. The lighting shall be adapted to people passing by. 5.The lighting shall be adapted to the surrounding architecture. 6.

Nano materials can today be found in a wide range of consumer products and the number of new products on the market is expected to inrease. In the shadow of hope for nano materilas potential in various applications, low awareness of its health and environmental risks is hiding. Furthermore, the knowledge about people´s risk perception of nano materials is limited. Parallel to the situation described above, the scholls meet the challenge of incrasing the scientific literacy. To achieve this goal, skills in argumentation in science studies has been emphasized and the concept of socio-scientific issues has been emerged.

AbstractThis paper is a study in press reception with the intent to examine how twelve female actionheroes have been portrayed in Swedish media between 1974 ? 2006. The purpose is to discern patterns and differences in how the female movie character is received by their contemporary journalists and to relate their views to social and gender related theories. The female actionhero is an independent and brutal character, often alone and without a mother or a child. This separates her from typical female roles, which historically been characterized by passivity, fear and dependency on the male characters in the movie. The female actionhero as a character opens up for complex reception. One perspective in the research identifies the independent woman as a feministic icon.

Problematisering: Under 2013 ska regelverket Basel-­?III börja implementeras iEuropa. Dess huvudsyfte är att förhindra framtida finansiellakriser. Det tidigare regelverket Basel-­?II har dock haft uppenbarabrister med tanke på den senaste finanskrisens omfattning.

Arbetet syftar till att skapa en allmän förståelse för ämnet brandväggar. Rapporten skall ge läsaren en god grund för att kunna föra vidare resonemang om brandväggar.Rapporten inleds med bakgrundsinformation som skall hjälpa läsaren att lättare förstå ämnet. Här beskrivs kort vad en brandvägg är och vilka komponenter som ingår. För att sätta detta i ett vidare sammanhang så beskrivs också vilka olika typer av brandväggar som finns. En beskrivning över Internet och dess struktur hjälper också läsaren att få mer kunskap och detta krävs för att få förståelse över de sammanhang som senare tas upp.Som metoder har jag använt mig av intervjuer och litteraturgenomgång.

In the 1970´s the North American lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) was introduced to Sweden in large scale. The lodgepole pine affects its new environment different from Scots pine (P. sylvestris), leading to a change in biological diversity. Forestry today affects the ground beetle fauna (Carabidae). Habitat specialists associated with older forests are first affected. When the canopy closes again after a clear-cutting species that prefer open habitats reduces and those who prefer mature/closed forests increase. In this study we compare differences in diversity and community structure of ground beetles in stands of lodgepole pine and Scots pine.

Staden Sulaymaniyah ligger i den kurdiska delen av Irak och har på senare år utvecklats då många valt att flytta från landsbygden till den centrala delen av staden. Nybyggandet sker under tidspress och långsiktigt hållbara lösningar prioriteras inte. Målet är att ta fram ett hus som är anpassat för majoriteten av befolkningen och samtidigt få ett bra och energieffektivt inomhusklimat. En faktainsamling genomfördes för att ge bakgrundsinformation till projektet. Vidare gjordes en planlösning till huset i AutoCAD vilken har använts som grund till utformningen av huset och smarta lösningar.