When constructing a building, a number of aspects must be harmonized in order for it to fulfill requirements ? a building must fulfill requirements such a load-bearing, conservation of energy and a good indoor environment by means of, among other things, moisture proofing .Moisture problems in buildings can affect health negatively. As we are increasingly staying in indoors, demands on a good indoor environment are higher.This work starts with examining moisture problems in slab-on-ground solutions, and then links the various scenarios to moisture problems in a concrete slab of a real building. The building with moisture problems is located in Årby by in Borlänge and moisture damage was found in the slab at an apartment adjoining wall.By reviewing literature written within the field of moisture problem, making hand calculations and modeling in the program Comsol Multiphysics, judgments are made to find explanations as to why the rise of moisture occurred in the building in Årby by.Generally, the following guidelines may be used to reduce the risk of moisture problems in slab-on-ground constructions:Drying of construction moisture before laying the floor material.Using draining layer beneath the slab, to prevent capillary suction.Using insulation under the slab, partly for comfort and to establish the temperature difference between the ground and the concrete slab.Avoid direct contact between the wood and concrete, due to degradation and fouling smells that normally occurs.If necessary, use additional vapor barrier.In addition to the above, there are various methods for moisture-proof and moisture-monitoring by design or by the method ByggaF suited for the entire construction process various events..

This master?s paper first presents some of the principal theories and concepts developed by the poverty researchers Rowntree, Titmuss, Townsend, Sen and Lister. These theoretical frameworks are then related to two documents from the EU and Sweden concerning combating poverty and social exclusion, bearing on the establishment of the ?Year 2010 against Poverty?. Finally, I discuss the value in practice of these theories and policy documents, as regards reducing poverty in Europe.It has become clear in this investigation that the theories and concepts from earlier research are still relevant to the formulation of contemporary policy programmes, and that earlier research helps us to avoid old traps in fighting poverty.

Ett nytt badhus i Västertorp, beläget i den bortglömda, av E4:an dammiga, Mellanbergsparken dit folk kan gå för att bada. Det behövs inga fler simhallar i Stockholm, men ett nytt sorts badhus dit alla olika människor av alla åldrar kan komma och bada i en starkt arkitektonisk miljö - det fattas idag. Därför har jag fokuserat på att gestalta starka rumsligheter där vattnet får stå i fokus och förstärka upplevelsen av rummet. Genom badhuset finns tre olika steg på skalan i material och badupplevelser som går från asfalt till skog, från slutet till öppet. Längst ut mot skogen finns en badsal på 24 x 84 meter där en pelarskog av tegelpelare möter vattenytan.

En närvarodetektor i form av en IR-detektor uppfyllde inte de önskade kraven och Eluw Electronic AB hade planer på att utveckla produkten vidare. IR-detektorn registrerar endast rörelse på en person vilket inte alltid är tillräckligt i företagets anläggningar. En person som inte är i rörelse måste också detekteras för att upprätthålla säkerheten runt en specifik anläggning. Företaget efterfrågade en närvarodetektor som klarade båda dessa detekteringar. Ett examensarbete på Luleå tekniska universitet löste uppgiften och en väl fungerande närvarodetektor med IR och ultraljud har utvecklats.

When constructing a building, a number of aspects must be harmonized in order for it to fulfill requirements ? a building must fulfill requirements such a load-bearing, conservation of energy and a good indoor environment by means of, among other things, moisture proofing .Moisture problems in buildings can affect health negatively. As we are increasingly staying in indoors, demands on a good indoor environment are higher.This work starts with examining moisture problems in slab-on-ground solutions, and then links the various scenarios to moisture problems in a concrete slab of a real building. The building with moisture problems is located in Årby by in Borlänge and moisture damage was found in the slab at an apartment adjoining wall.By reviewing literature written within the field of moisture problem, making hand calculations and modeling in the program Comsol Multiphysics, judgments are made to find explanations as to why the rise of moisture occurred in the building in Årby by.Generally, the following guidelines may be used to reduce the risk of moisture problems in slab-on-ground constructions:Drying of construction moisture before laying the floor material.Using draining layer beneath the slab, to prevent capillary suction.Using insulation under the slab, partly for comfort and to establish the temperature difference between the ground and the concrete slab.Avoid direct contact between the wood and concrete, due to degradation and fouling smells that normally occurs.If necessary, use additional vapor barrier.In addition to the above, there are various methods for moisture-proof and moisture-monitoring by design or by the method ByggaF suited for the entire construction process various events..

By using industrialized building, pre-installed modules can be delivered to the construction site where they are easily mounted. This method has many advantages compared to on-site manufacturing, for example, the precision during the production process should be much higher than building each wall and floor on site. Furthermore, the quick erection procedure when using prefabricated elements and the possibility to use weather protection has the advantage of not being dependent on weather conditions, and many other factors.Masonite Beams AB is a Swedish company (a member of the Norwegian company, Byggma ASA) with a relatively new technology using light weight beams as bearing elements in the walls and a certain stiff board lamella slap which is mounted on the top of the floor structure creating an integrated stiff beam / board floor structure. The elements are flat which make it much easier to transport the elements from the factory to the building site where the building parts are easily mounted with special mounting stud.One of the main drawbacks of lightweight structure is the sound transmission. The main topic is low frequency annoyance, however the complex structural elements and their mutual sensitive connections other acoustical problems might appear.

For several years Uppsala University together with several companies has been involved in a WISENET project aimed at improving railway transport security. By placing a sensor system near the wheels of each wagon, the temperature of the bearings can be measured and transmitted to a collector placed centrally on the wagon. This in turn transmits the collected data to RFID receivers placed intermittently along the railway.As the signals are transmitted wirelessly, problems may occur as the antennas get dirty or coated with ice and snow. To determine the effects of these coatings, several tests were performed examining the reflection coefficient S11, the impedance Z11 and the efficiency eta of an antenna, and how they varied when various coatings were placed over the antenna. Examined coatings were ice, snow and water to determine the effects of weather, and various metal-based coatings: powdered iron both pure and partially oxidized, and iron ore granules.

Due to soft grounds in combination with seasonal variation in soil humidity, there is a lack of stands that are possible to cut during spring and autumn in some geographical regions. For Holmen Skog this sometimes means that a large proportion of the contracted private forest is cut during the winter when the ground is frozen. One consequence of this is that the proportion of winter stands in the stand bank of own forest increases while spring and autumn stands becomes a scarcity. This in combination with milder winters, especially when there is a long period of reduced bearing capacity in spring or autumn, means that the situation rapidly can become critical. The overall goal with this study was to generate basic data for decision support in the work to achieve a sustainable distribution between own forest and contracted private forest in the stand bank. The study took place at Holmen Skog, district of Umeå, during autumn 2007 and was based on interviews and an analysis of harvest planning and delivery data. The study showed that there is a problem with how the cutting is distributed between own and contracted private forest during the year and that it foremost is the proportion of winter thinning of own forest that has increased in the stand bank.

The purpose of this study was to examine and try to understand the physical environment focusing on the fenomena of scribble and damage at a high school. More specifically its aim was to find out how the pupils themselves discribe their physical environment, the reasons why there are scribble and damage at their school and how they are treated by the adults at the school bearing in mind the scribble and damage that occur. The study took place at one high-school in the southern of Sweden and the methods used were six qualitative interviewes, a minor inquiry in six classes, fotographing the physical environment and putting up scribble boards on the pupils' toilets. The physcial environment was quite bare and monoton and the pupils often felt bored by it. There were few places where the pupils liked being at.

Med anledning av gremmeniellasvampens (gremmeniella abietina) utbredning i våra skogar i dag och konsekvenserna det för med sig, vill skogsvårdsorganisationen så snart som möjligt få fram en metod för att lokalisera angreppen och bedöma omfattningen av skadorna. I denna uppsats har jag därför undersökt vilka våglängdsband som är mest lämpade för att lokalisera gremmeniellan och vilka som är mest lämpade för att skilja skadorna från gallringar och utifrån det ge rekommendationer till skogsvårdsstyrelsen för deras fortsatta arbete. Resultaten blev att våglängdsband 3, 5 eller 7 från Landsat satellitens TM sensor är de band som ger bäst resultat för att skilja ut bestånd där förändring har skett från bestånd som visar sig vara oförändrade. Enforma använder skillnadsbilder från enstaka våglängdsband. En kombination av två eller flera våglängdsband, samt inkludering av data från ursprungsbilden skulle höja noggrannheten i den statistiska analysen något.

Idag ses ett ökat intresse för användandet av rörelseanalys inom olika sammanhang t.ex. övervakning, dataspel och diagnostisk undersökning av personers rörelsemönster med mera. Optisk rörelseanalys är den teknik som finns mest idag, men de systemen är dyra och saknar lämplig mjukvara för klinisk användning.En forskargrupp vid centrum för medicinsk teknik och strålningsfysik (CMTS) forskning och utvecklings avdelning (MT-FoU) vid Norrlands universitetssjukhus har sedan 2007 jobbat med en produktidé som bygger på att skapa ett nytt mobilt system för rörelseanalys som kan användas i medicinska undersökningar. Ett Arduino pro mini kort samt ett 9-axligt prototypkort som består av MPU-6000 och en magnetometer HMC5883L är anskaffat för att tillverka ett system i detta syfte.Syftet med projektet har varit att skapa ett verktyg som kan samla in rörelsemönster för att sedan presentera resultatet i ett diagram. Systemet skulle kunna samla in data från en sensor som inkluderar en 3D-accelerometer ett 3D-gyroskop och en 3D magnetometer för att därefter skicka det vidare till en dator där mätdata presenteras visuellt och sparas undan i en textfil.En viktig detalj att ta hänsyn till vid konstruktionen av det nya systemet var att konstruktionen gjordes med hjälp av billiga standardkomponenter och kretskort.

This thesis is the result of the investigation and solution of a mechanicalproblem regarding flywheel malfunctions. A flywheel is, in short, a devicethat relies on a rotating object?s moment of inertia to store energy overshort time spans. This project is part of the development of a fourthflywheel prototype at the division for electricity at Uppsala university,which uses magnetic levitation to keep a hollow cylinder rotating at veryhigh speeds inside a vacuum chamber. Should the magnets fail however, orsome other error occur that leads to an uncontrolled state of rotation, thecylinder needs to be stabilized mechanically by a device usually referredto as ?back-up bearing?.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka befintliga trähusproducenters förutsättningar och intresse att bygga flerfamiljshus med bärande trästomme med fler än två våningar. För att nå vårt syfte har vi satt oss in i marknaden för höga trähus. Detta har vi gjort genom att initialt betrakta dels marknaden ur olika intressenters perspektiv, dels genom att undersöka företagen som finns på marknaden idag och placera in deras respektive byggsystem i en produktlivscykel. Vi har därefter satt oss in i marknaden för trähus och fokuserat på tio företag som vi har djupintervjuat. Vi beskriver sedan de samband vi ser mellan förutsättningarna på marknaden för höga trähus och intervjuresultaten.

The specific task of this thesis is to illustrate the complexity of a cooperation between civilian and military entities by examining Provincial Reconstruction Teams (PRTs) and their role as an actor among others in the field in a war-torn Afghanistan.By using counterinsurgency strategy as an analytical framework it has been possible to examine the civilian and military contexts closer. Underlying structures concerning the norms and interpretation of reality of the PRTs has been partly revealed. Studies of the PRTs as one significant bearers of "the comprehensive approach", which includes a holistic approach regarding the use of civilian and military capabilities, new conclusions can be drawn on whether a general civil-military approach can be a part of the solution for current and future conflicts. Based on the counterinsurgency strategy, the author has identified three themes as bearing and thus appears through the thesis as a foundation. These are Coordination, Development and Security.

The dissertation were performed on SP, Technical Institute of Sweden. The dissertation were carried out on the measurement technical department, this dissertation is a part of a bigger project, project ClampCal. One of SP?s returning assignments are flow-measurement. When flow-measurement is performed, the flow has to be stopped so that a meter can be installed in the pipes where measurement is going to take place. At every stop there is time delay in the flow which causes the customers to loose money. This is why SP wanted to find a better solution so that measurement can be done without any stops in the flow. Usage of a so-called Clamp-on meter was considered, but since the measurement uncertainty is too large it takes some investigation on the parts where the largest uncertainties occur and thus find a solution that can diminish the uncertainty as much as possible. The parts that were considered to have an opportunity to reduce measurement uncertainties were the fluid temperature, its characteristics and the pipe geometry and its characteristics. For the fluid temperature a Pt100-sensor with four different radii for various pipes was used.