Inledning Postoperativt illamående och kräkning är ett välkänt problem efter sövning medgenerell anestesi och drabbar mellan 20 % och 30 % av alla patienter som blir sövda. För attminska de obehag och lidande som illamående och kräkning kan ge den postoperativapatienten vore det optimala att profylaktiskt behandla de patienter som löper en stor risk attdrabbas av postoperativt illamående och kräkning. För att avgöra hur hög risk patienten har attdrabbas av postoperativt illamående och kräkning beskrivs i litteraturen ett flertalriskbedömningsmodeller som sjuksköterskan kan använda sig av. Syfte att granska omanvändandet av en riskbedömningsmodell kan minska frekvensen av postoperativt illamåendeoch kräkning hos patienter som erhållit generell anestesi. Metod Litteraturstudie.

Background: Postoperative infections are a serious patient safety problem and affects about 3 % of all patients undergoing surgery. The consequences are prolonged hospital stays, high social costs, increased use of antibiotics and impaired quality of life for the patient. It has been shown that postoperative infections may be caused by contamination already in the operating room. Today we know that there is growth of microorganisms on the instrument table´s top, but there is a research gap about the instrument table's edges.Aim: To examine if the sterile drape on the instrument table´s edges are sterile after finished surgery.Method: Contact plates are printed on strategically selected areas on the sterile drapes top and edges. In the pilot study, a total of 51 cultures were taken at the end of three operations which lasted over three hours.Results: Growth on the top surface and the edges of the sterile drape were detected.

My essey concern the non-profitable organization Ung företagsamhet and their extenal communication with collaborators. I have done three intervjues with three of Ung företagsamhets 24 district in Sweden, and these are Kalmar, Jönköping and Skåne. My qustions conserns their rethoric and strategic communications channales, and the focus lies in their external communications with collaborators. I have also made a secondary data analysis about their media coverage and seen how they consciously works with it.Ung Företagsamhet is a non-profit organization that need good partnerships in order to survive financially. My analysis shows that the three different regions works variously with their external communication.

Since 1983 Sweden has a general audit obligation for joint-stock companies. At this moment the Government has issued an investigation concerning the subject. The purpose of this paper is to examine what effects an abolition of the audit obligation for small joint-stock companies can have on the Swedish tax department regarding economic crime. An angel on the report is to examine how the tax department uses adverse auditor?s reports.

The purpose of this Masters thesis has been to examine the importance of libraries for girls leisure time in secondary school. Focus has been on the use of the library as a leisure activity. Interviews were carried out with six girls of the ages 13 to 16. The conclusion of the study is that the library is of importance for the girls mostly through its books. Reading turned out to be an important leisure activity for the girls and the books provided by the library were of significance for their identity development.

The aim of this study was to describe the mental and social causes to obesity among children and adolescents, their consequences and what preventive interventions that are used. The method used by the authors was to search for scientific articles in the database Medline, using the keywords: obesity, overweight, child, body image, social, family, school, depression, nursing, quality of life, social support, prevention and support. The study was performed as a literature review, with a descriptive design, and the result contained 22 scientific articles. The main result of this study showed that obesity among children and adolescents is not only an individual problem, it affects the whole family. The main causes to obesity among children and adolescents are the socioeconomic status of the family, their lifestyle, and even gender to a certain degree.

Kometprogrammet började utvecklas 2001 och är en svensk variant av nordamerikanska manualbaserade föräldraträningsprogram. Varianten Komet 12-18 år riktar sig till föräldrar med utagerande ungdomar med syftet att bryta negativa beteendemönster genom att ändra föräldrarnas förhållningssätt till sina barn. Grundtankarna är hämtade från inlärningsteori, beteendeanalys, prevention och kognitiv beteendeterapi och bygger på evidensbaserad forskning. Syftet med studien är att bidra till utvecklingen av Komet 12-18 år och tillgodose ungdomsperspektivet med resultat från ungdomsintervjuer och ?enkäter.

This study is based on qualitative and hermeneutic methods. The investigation summarises how four textbooks present Buddhism in (school) subject Religion, such as texts and images. Two of them are used in Religious studies A, the rest is used in Religious studies 1. The study rests on the theories of orientalism and christocentrism, where both can be related to the concept of making secondary. In the research background there are descriptions of how the western world looks upon Buddhism in a historical perspective, but also how Buddhism in a modern age is represented.

Jerlemar, M & Nordström, J., Patienters upplevelser av att leva med trycksår. En litteraturstudie. Examensarbete i omvårdnad, 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och samhälle, Utbildningsområde omvårdnad 2011. Bakgrund: Trycksår är ett vanligt förekommande sjukdomstillstånd som drabbar framförallt äldre och rörelsehindrade. Trycksår kan medföra fysiska och psykiska komplikationer hos den drabbade.

This study aims to highlight and analyze eight secondary teachers' views and thoughts on mathematics. Hopefully this study will provide a deeper understanding of how teachers think and reason about their subject and how this affects their teaching. The study was conducted using a qualitative interview method, based on interviews with eight middle school teachers who teach in school mathematics for grades 6 - 9. The interviews were recorded and then transcribed and analyzed. After the interview analysis one can conclude that the teachers? thoughts concern three main themes: the importance of mathematics, children?s lack of basic knowledge and the teachers? lack of time.In discussion and analysis the teachers conceptions of the own subject is being analyzed, and that is the foundation of this study.

 Granatäpple är en frukt med flera olika antioxidativa grupper såsom tanniner, anthocyaniner och flavonoider. Frukten påstås kunna påverka prostatacancer.Syftet med detta arbete var att studera en ren naturprodukts direkta effekt på prostatacancer. Arbetet är en litteraturstudie och studiematerial som använts har hämtats i databasen PUBMED.I studierna visades hur granatäpple påverkade flera typer av prostatacancercellinjer. Cellinjerna var modifierade och hade olika egenskaper såsom hormonkänslighet eller förmåga att frisätta prostataspecifikt antigen (PSA). I en del studier implanterades prostatacancercellinjer i möss och tumörtillväxten studerades.

AbstractThe purpose of this paper is to compare existing theories and policies on CALL (Computer Assisted Language Learning) with the actual situation among practising teachers of ESL (English as a Second Language) of secondary schools in Sweden. The evaluation focuses on the differences between theories and reality, and discusses why, if any, the differences exist. Some background information on second language acquisition is provided, and recent theories and standpoints within the field of CALL are mentioned to highlight the differences between theory and reality. The evaluation was made by handing out a survey to 33 teachers of ESL, asking questions about their use of computers in their everyday teaching. The survey shows that the gap between the theories and standpoints within the field of CALL, and the reality of teachers in schools often is huge.

The present study aims to examine how teachers write polemical articles. This genre often occurs in national standardized tests in Swedish schools. The study seeks to analyze argumentative structures in the articles. It also categorizes assessment notes written by the teachers in response to each others? articles, by interpreting response texts.    The examination shows that there is uncertainty among the teachers about how to create structures in argumentative text types.

This study revolves around the NATO-led Operation Unified Protector in Libya 2011. The military campaign was executed under a UN mandate to protect the Libyan civilian population. Despite the mandate civilians died because of NATO bombings. The purpose of this study is to identify inadequate measures in avoiding civilian casualties during the operation and to continue to work towards minimizing civilian casualties caused by military organizations in international interventions.Early in the operation, NATO?s objective altered from protecting the civilians to over­throwing the Libyan regime. At the same time NATO changed its military targeting.

In the nurse's profession ulcer care is a common nursing intervention. Being inserted in methods of treatment and updated with evidence-based knowledge is therefore an important part of the nurse's work. Chronic ulcers are expensive for health care and occupy a lot of time. Knowledge is therefore important for ulcer healing, for the patient comfort and to reduce costs. The aim of the study was to illustrate the nurse's knowledge of nursing interventions of chronic ulcer.