The use of bio energy in Sweden has increased during the last few years and with every passing year, bio energy produces 3-4 TWh´s more energy than the previous year. The increase in the use of bio energy makes it an interesting prospect for forest companies to produce bio energy from the forest. Sveaskog has a fairly extensive bio energy programme, mainly in southern and middle Sweden. Their activity regarding bio energy in northern Sweden has been very restrictive or even non-existent. Because of this, during the winter of 2003-2004, Sveaskog initiated a number of degree projects with the purpose of looking at the use of bio energy in northern Sweden.

On the night of the 26th December 2011, large parts of southern Norrland were struck by the storm ?Dagmar? that caused serious damage to the forests. In the past 10 years wind damage has become a hot topic after several major storms. Forest companies own 25% of the Swedish forest and thus influenced largely by wind damage. The main purpose of this study was to examine whether forest companies attitude towards preventive wind damage actions were changed after the storm ?Dagmar?. The result was developed by doing interviews with two forestry companies.

Background: Companies often invest in foreign subsidiaries and that gives rise to translation exposure. Translation exposure arises with the consolidation of the foreign subsidiary and depends on the rate of exchange that are used for translation of the foreign subsidiary. In time several different methods of translation and recommendations has been developed. Companies listed on OM Stockholmsbörsen shall follow RR8. According to RR8 a classification of foreign subsidiaries as indipendent or integral to the parent company determines which method of translation that should be used.

Bakgrund:Den dominerande cancerformen hos män över 75 år är prostatacancer. Kosten har en påverkan på många sjukdomstillstånd och på senare tid har man undersökt misstankarna kring om höga nivåer av IGF-1 kan öka risken för att utveckla prostatacancer. IGF-1 finns naturligt i kroppen men hormonet finns bland annat också i vissa livsmedel så som mejeriprodukter. Syfte:Att granska tillgänglig evidens gällande samband mellan höga nivåer av IGF-1 och prostatacancer, samt att om ett samband går att finna, undersöka om en kostrekommendation kan göras för att sänka nivåerna av detta hormon i kroppen och på så vis minska risken för utveckling av prostatacancer. Metod:Systematisk litteraturstudie.

Bakgrund: Banker har alltid varit utsatta för operativ risk, men det är först på senare tid denna risk börjat uppmärksammas på allvar. Detta beror dels på att den operativa risken har ökat, dels på en rad uppmärksammade händelser där förluster orsakade av exponeringar mot operativ risk fått förödande konsekvenser. Som en följd av detta implementerades Basel II-regelverket år 2007 i Sverige. I och med detta behövde bankerna för första gången sätta av kapital för operativa risker. Syftet med regelverket var att upprätthålla en stabil finansmarknad.

The Swedish Government has set a target to reduce energy consumption through energy efficiency within the construction and real estate sector. The purpose of the study is to examine how energy efficiency within this sector could affect the district heating volume in the future, on basis of Vattenfalls district heating system in Uppsala.An Excel model has been created to study how energy effficiency measures affects district heating demand in buildings by 2045, based on technical and economicalconditions. Furthermore, an interview study has been conducted to examine incentives for district heating customers to invest in energy efficiency measures.Result of the Excel model shows that the district heating volume of Vattenfall in 2045 is expected to 931 GWh, which corresponds to a volume decrease of 10,6 %. Based on the study?s theoretical framework only 15 %, 1 024 GWh, of the technical-economical potential is assumed to be implemented.

SammanfattningSyfte och frågeställningarSyftet med den här studien är att, genom att lyfta ut en definierad träningsgrupp, spinningtränande, från gymtränande undersöka om skillnader föreligger kring risk- och missbruk av AAS, narkotika och alkohol. Frågeställningarna som ska svara på syftet fokuseras kring hur gruppen spinningtränande förhåller sig till missbruk av AAS och narkotika jämfört med gruppen gymtränande i STAD undersökningen. Alkohol parametern jämförs mellan spinningtränande och befolkningen i övrigt efter en rapport av Källmén m.fl.MetodFör att nå fram till mina resultat har jag valt att arbeta med kvantitativ metod. Studiens avgränsningar består i spinningtränande på gym, ålderskategori arton till sextio år. De tre gym som är med i studien skiljer sig åt geografiskt i Stockholms inner- och ytterstad samt har olika ägandeformer.ResultatResultatet visar att spinningtränande inte skiljer sig från gymtränande med avseende på missbruk av AAS och narkotika.

SCA has today almost 300 000 hectares of their forest land planted with lodgepole pine(Pinus contorta var. latifolia). Due to initial extensive planting in the 1970ies the area oflodgepole pine forests in the thinning age has grown rapidly from the end of the 1990ies.During the years 1996-2005 first commercial thinning of lodgepole pine at SCA took place.The goal of the hereby presented study was to investigate the growth and stability in thosefirstly-thinned lodgepole pine stands a few years after thinning. Furthermore, the objectivewas to investigate the relationship between stand stability and different stand parameters.Additionally, lodgepole pine stem quality was estimated.The study is mainly based on the data collected during an inventory project carried out atSCA in 2008. Altogether 91 lodgepole pine stands in northern Sweden were measured afterthe first thinning.

Since energy simulations are used to verify that projected residential buildings will reach the current energy requirements it is important that the results are reliable.This report investigates the extent of uncertainty in energy simulations, estimates the causes of the uncertainty and its economic and environmental consequences.The method used in this report is based on three validation methods; empirical validation, analytical validation and comparative validation. The analysis was carried out for five multi-family dwellings in Uppsala with installed meters for energy measurements. One of these objects, Klockarlunden, was studied in more detail than the others.The results show that the deviations are between 10 and 29% for the studied objects, which means that the uncertainty is estimated to be at least 29%. All simulations underestimate the buildings need of energy. The simulation for Klockarlunden can predict the energy consumption to be within the range of 46-98 kWh/m2year with 90% confidence level based on the current uncertainty.

The subject of sms-loans is examined by using primary and secondary sources?. This form of credit is formally independent from other obligations with a very short credit period and the amount of the loan is low. This form of credits is applied by mobile phones and on the internet by several companies, some of them are presented in this essay. These type of creditors do not come under any sanctions from the Swedish Financial Supervisory Authority as is customary for other creditors, they only need to register.

AbstractEmbla 5 is an office building which has done a large improvement. The clients of this building has made an order of WSP and the student Anders Kempe to calculate the use of energy for the building, and after that result proposing further measures which can decrease the energy use of Embla 5.The ground for this report is when calculation of the present energy use of the building is stated. To make that information of a number of parameters such as envelope, the heating system and ventilation has been located and set in to the simulation program IDA ICE which calculate the energy use.To improve the energy use further this project has been concentrated to change the system of ventilation. Today the ventilation system is of the kind CAV (constant air volume) and the air flow is dimensioned for after recommendations from BBR and Arbetsmiljöverket in the office spaces. Consider that Embla 5  is an office building where the people only staying for 8-10 hours/day so was the ide to see how much energy saving if the air flow is reduced the time people not being in the building.

The aim of this study was from the beginning to examine why a woman who has made an abortion comes back for another one. Why does the risk taking continue, despite the fact that abortion is perceived as emotionally hard? How can this be understood? This study consists of a literature review and semi-structured interviews. I wanted to interview women who had made a decision to have a repeated abortion, but it was difficult to get that kind of interviews. I then decided to interview the staff who meets women searching for an abortion to have their attitudes and experiences of women coming back for another abortion.

Sedan introduktionen 1992 har Balanced Scorecard blivit ett alltmer använt ekonomiskt styrsystem i större vinstdrivande företag. Däremot har Balanced Scorecard mer sällan använts i icke-vinstdrivande företag. Få ideella verksamheter använder sig av detta styrmedel, trots att det skulle kunna passa deras organisation bättre, just på grund av att det fokuserar mindre på finansiella mått. När det gäller icke-vinstdrivande organisationer är budget som enda styrsystem oftast inte optimalt. Används endast budget föreligger en risk att alltför stor vikt läggs vid kortsiktiga istället för långsiktiga mål.Med detta i åtanke är det troligt att även en icke-vinstdrivande organisation kan ha nytta av ett Balanced Scorecard, men att det borde utformas på ett annat sätt..

This report discusses questions concerning wear on forest roads. The purpose of the work is to investigate if the wear on the roads will decrease when the speed limit gets lower for the trucks that transport the wood. A normal forest road, class B, was used in the study. In total 5000 m3f timber was transported on the road. Data about the road was measured with a profilograph car before and after the timber transport.

Title:   Controlling Mälarenergi by Balanced Scorecard Seminar date:  2009-01-16 Institution:   School of Sustainable Development of Society and Technology Course:   Bachelor thesis 15hp Authors:   Camilla Nilsson, Amanda Agestav Advisor:   Ulla Pettersson The main issues:                What does Mälarenergi's Balanced Scorecard look like? Which Balanced Scorecard perspectives are important to Mälarenergi? Is Balanced Scorecard a purposeful control model in order for the group management to fulfil the aims of the owners' directives? Purpose:                            The purpose is to find out how the group management at Mälarenergi works with Balanced Scorecard. Is Balanced Scorecard a purposeful tool for the group management to fulfill the aims of the owners' directives? Method:                             This study is based on a qualitative research method in the form of interviews. We have interviewed one respondent.