Traditionally risk-based measures have been used to assess animal welfare in legislation and certification schemes. With increased knowledge and research, debate today tends to focus on and advocate the use of animal-based measures. However this is not a panacea for welfare and the most sound conclusion should be that assessment of animal welfare needs both. The aim of this thesis is to identify the points that need to be taken into consideration to find the optimal balance in the use of input and outcome measures according to the aim of the assessment and how these should be applied when designing a certification scheme? To answer this, a comparison of the use of resource-based, management-based and animal-based measures in two certification schemes for dairy cow welfare, Freedom Food (UK) and Svenskt Sigill (SWE), was made.

Speaking of budget and budgeting is almost as adding fuel to the fire. The subject evokes a lot of emotions, both positive and negative. Some might consider budgets as a bureaucratic process that won?t lead to any good. Others might find budgets as extremely helpful and necessary in a company?s planning process.

Denna c-uppsats är skriven 2010 då vi befinner oss i en lågkonjunktur. Vid genomgång av tidigare forskning om Human Resource funktionen fann vi att det inte har gjorts någon forskning om HR-funktionen i en lågkonjunktur. Vi fann även att relativt lite forskning har gjorts om HR-funktionens framtida roll vilket är de två utgångspunkterna i denna uppsats. Utifrån dessa utgångspunkter blev det av vikt att undersöka HR-personalens syn gällande HR-funktionens roll och arbetssätt. Den här uppsatsen är av kvalitativ art med en kvalitativ innehållsanalys.

Most of the sea areas within the European Union are overfished and the catches are estimated to be up to five times lager then the amount to achieve a sustainable fishery. In doing so, the management of EU's marine resources comes to be questioned. The purpose of this study was to analyze EU's administration of marine fisheries and to explore which steps that can be undertaken to counteract the negative trend. The questions of the study were: How does the EU administrate today?s marine fishery recourses? And: How can the problem whit overfishing be discouraged? To answer these questions a comparative analyses were used to compare and evaluate administrative systems.

Genom att undersöka vad som motiverar projektledare och vilken syn de har på sin framtida karriär, syftar studien till att bidra med kunskap som kan hjälpa HR-funktioners arbete med att utveckla strategier för att behålla denna värdefulla kompetens.Studien genomfördes med en deduktiv forskningsansats och kvalitativ strategi med semistrukturerade intervjuer som datainsamlingsverktyg. Totalt genomfördes tio intervjuer med projektledare och ytterligare fyra med informanter.För att analysera det empiriska materialet användes litteratur kring projektledarrollen, karriärsutveckling, motivation och Human Resource Management.Studiens resultat visade att projektledare har olika uppfattningar kring karriär. Dock ansåg de flesta att karriär innebär utveckling med fokus på lärande och att de själva bär ansvar för sin karriärutveckling med stöd från ansvarig chef. Projektledares syn på framtida karriärmål skiftade mellan att vilja fortsätta inom projektledning till att vilja byta inriktning till linjechefsyrket. De projektledare som ville fortsätta inom projektledning ville antingen bygga en karriär genom utmanande och intressanta projekt eller avancera genom att driva större komplexa projekt.

Many design agencies and designers like to see design as a longtime strategic investment for any company. However, knowledge of design as a strategic resource depends on ones professional background and ones knowledge of design as such. It is common today that clients meet design agencies and therefore design with a certain skepticism concerning its role in the company. Within the prodctdevelopment-process the company?s different functions meet.

This is a bachelor thesis, written at the business studies institute, Uppsala Unviersity, exploring how digitalization has affected the Swedish book industry. This is done by studying how the introduction of the e-book has changed the way the publishers work and what problems and opportunities arise with the new way to publish and consume books. The technology optimists, that existed around the turn of the millennium, when the e-book came, made predictions along the lines of the physical book having ceased to exist within five to ten years. But the physical paper books do very much still exist, so haven?t the change happened as predicted? The purpose of this thesis is as follows: How has introduction of the e-book affected the relationship between the Swedish publishers and the book as a whole? This means that we consider the book as a concept, as a resource or product, and study how a change in this product affect publishers.The theoretical framework used is basically classical network theory.

The purpose of this essay was to find out how leaders in micro service firms practice HRM and identify which HRM related problems they experience in their leadership. A case study consisting two cases was carried out. The study has shown that leaders in micro service firms use a highly personalised, informal management and involve their employees in the firm?s development. The findings were that leaders of micro service firms do not have any theoretical knowledge of HRM practises because of lack of education.

The main argument of the thesis is that multinational companies (MNCs) can promote democracy through corporate social responsibility (CSR). MNCs hold some prerequisites giving them the means to create positive changes. But they lack one important prerequisite: knowledge about local conditions. Therefore the best CSR result is reached through partnerships with local NGOs.H&M's CSR-work in Bangladesh, including a partnership with the Bangladeshi women's rights organisation Karmojibi Nari, serves as an illustrating case. It is argued that the CSR-work promotes democracy through strengthening the civil society, through indirectly implementing national laws concerning labour legislation and human rights and through raising awareness about rights and legislation among the workers.The CSR process changes the terms for both NGOs and MNCs.

En ökad tillväxt inom tjänstesektorn och företagens strävan efter att bli mer konkurrenskraftiga har bidragit till högre användning av ett betydelsefullt verktyg i affärsvärlden: outsourcing. Outsourcing gör det möjligt för företag att köpa in tjänster som saknas internt. Genom att ingå i ett samarbete tillsammans med externa leverantörer kan företaget, genom att köpa externa aktiviteter, stärka delar av sin verksamhet som tidigare varit bristfälliga. Dagens samhälle präglas av företag som ständigt strävar efter att höja sin effektivisering och minska sina kostnader. Det har i sin tur medfört att outsourcingen fått en stor inverkan på tjänster, till exempel marknadsföring.

The essay concerns corporation?s usage and consumer?s attitude towards the phenomenon Big Data. The aim is to analyse whether corporation-management and future ambitions concerning consumer data coincide with attitudes and opinions of today's consumer, and how these opinions reflect consumer behaviour online. The essay is limited to focus on how companies use consumer data in order to better understand and improve the efficiency of their marketing. A self-composed analyse-model was created using previous studies concerning Internet-usage in Sweden, previous management analysis of corporations use of Big Data combined with theory of Cognitive Dissonance. A questionnaire was then created with the analyse model as foundation.

Abstract: In this study, I have searched for answers to whether teachers use pictures in their teaching with the purpose of making education easier. Can we use the pictures with a pedagogic purpose? In this study, I have interviewed middle-school teachers concerning this subject.My results show that teachers actually use pictures in order to make the education easier for pupils but they do not do it very often. They think that they do not have the time to look for the good pictures that go with their subject and that they can show in the classroom. They also think that the pictures in the textbooks are good enough and they do not discuss the pictures very much.

Begreppet Human Resource Management, d.v.s. ledning av de mänskliga resurserna, har de senaste åren vuxit sig större. Detta beror bl.a. på att medvetenheten kring organisationer och hur man får anställda att öka produktiviteten har blivit större. Idag vet vi att de psykosociala faktorerna på en arbetsplats är av stor vikt för att få en ökad produktivitet och effektivitet.

This study concerns paratransit service in a relatively small municipality in Sweden. The aim of this study is to describe the user's experience of paratransit service. The question formulation is mainly built around the user's experience of paratransit service and their view on what impact paratransit service has on their lives. The empirical data consists of ten interviews with ten different paratransit service users with ages ranging from 25-95 years. The data has mainly been analyzed through concepts of independence, empowerment and trust. The result of this study shows that paratransit service in many ways can be described as a crucial part of the users' lives.

The aim of this paper is to find an algorithm to establish and maintain a virtual enclosure around a mobile unit. The area may take any form and should be scalable up to and including national borders. The enclosure is managed on the mobile unit. The target system is Android. Smartphones, tablets and more recently, cameras is examples of mobile units.