During the past year it has been made possible to buy back a company?s outstanding stock. This is done in order to change the capital structure towards a situation with less equity. A change in capital structure means a change in the cost of capital for a company and by that a change in the value for the stockholder. This Master Thesis studies the relation between capital structure and business risk.

Mergers and acquisitions are common phenomenon in today´s society in order to increase shareholder value. Two years ago a fusion of Sweden´s two largest companies in the industry of real estate took place and even though three out of four mergers and acquisitions financially fail this certain case turned out highly successful. The aim of this thesis is to examine how the organizational structure and the management control have been designed and characterized the organizational performance and furthermore what are the success factors of the integration. By studying an acquisition and its potential effects on organizational structure and management control parallel to a model that describes the best practice guidelines for managers to successfully deliver value from their acquisitions, it can be shown that an acquisition has direct effects both on the acquirer and the acquired company and thus the new organizational structure. The main results, thus, is that through active leadership, increased specialization, and more decentralized and thus efficient management control a new organization has emerged consisting of the best features of two separate worlds..

Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva vilka kunskaper sjuksköterskan behöver för att kunna identifiera och bemöta kvinnor som utsatts för våld i nära relation. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en beskrivande litteraturstudie och baserades på sexton vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes på databaserna Cinahl och PubMed. Huvudresultat: Synliga symtom på fysiska skador är oftast inte orsaken till varför våldsutsatta kvinnor söker vård. Det har visat sig att de är mer benägna att söka för somatiska problem som buksmärta, ryggsmärta och sexuellt överförbara sjukdomar. Även psykisk ohälsa är vanligt förekommande. För att upptäcka att kvinnan är våldsutsatt är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan ställer frågor om våld i nära relation. I mötet med kvinnan är det betydelsefullt att som sjuksköterska inge förtroende, ge stöd och främja kvinnans säkerhet.

AbstractThis is the paper you should read if you want to know more about working in team. Teamwork is a way of working and it increases more and more among societies and companies today, but it is not quite clear what the diffrences is from working in groups. We have in this paper tried to clear out the differences between groups and team, and we have also tried to give an oversight of how to work in team in organizations. Cultures of organizations, leadership and power and also development of qualifications are big parts of an organization´s daily work, and we have explained these concepts from a teamperspective.We have, in this paper, done interviews with people that have been in contact with the central consepts that we use. And then we have analyzed their answers with help from litterature, which we have closely studied, thereafter we have presented our results.

Bakgrund: Medarbetares hälsa på arbetsplatser inom organisationer påverkas av ledares sätt att arbeta. Att arbeta hälsofrämjande på arbetsplatser innebär ett arbete där ledaren har en viktig roll till att främja medarbetarnas hälsa och förbättra arbetsmiljön. Det hälsofrämjande arbetet och dess ledarskap är viktigt för att främja folkhälsan.  Syfte: Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur ledare vid en större organisation ser på sin roll som ledare i relation till de anställdas hälsa i arbetslivet. Metod: Fyra semistrukturerade intervjuer genomfördes inom en större organisation. Både kvinnliga och manliga ledare intervjuades.

Konsumenter använder varumärken dagligen och exponering av varumärken sker överallt: i reklam, böcker, filmer, människor och så vidare. Tidigare forskning visar att konsumenter använder varumärken för att bygga upp sin självbild och skapa sin identitet, samt att konsumenter kan ha mer eller mindre starka relationer till varumärken. Varumärken i sig är bara materiella markörer, de blir meningsfulla för konsumenterna först då de sätts in i ett sammanhang och får en individuell historia uppbyggt kring sig. Studiens syfte är att utifrån ett konsumentperspektiv visa hur meningsskapande i en relation mellan ett varumärke och en konsument kan se ut. Detta genom att reda ut frågeställningen: ?Hur kan en konsument skapa mening i sin relation till ett varumärke??.

Begreppet heteronormativitet användes i litteraturen första gången 1993. Begreppet går att finna i ordböcker och lexikon från 2006, men endast ett par av de moderna ordböckerna och lexikonen har inför begreppet. Idag saknar begreppet en exakt definition. En begreppsanalys syftar till att identifiera karakteristika för ett begrepp genom undersökning av dess användning. Vårdrelationer kan och bör utvecklas till en vårdande relation, vilket bygger på en kontakt innefattande kropp, själ och ande mellan vårdare och patient.

Dealing with threats and violence at the workplace is a reality for many social workers, where a majority of them have to face client oriented incidents at least once during their career. Incidents are most commonly expressed as threats and harassments, but can also take place in the form of physical violence. Looking at the problem from a supervisor perspective, it will affect and possibly damage the specific exposed employee, the workplace as a whole and the clients. Supervisors are the ones responsible for developing workplace enviroments that are satisfyingly safe, for which guidelines can be found in law as well as in an emerging research area. Reasons as to why some people tend to become violent is as complex as reasons as to why some people seem to be more vulnerable or exposed than others. That is why means of preventing threats and violence can not be explained in one single way, but the answer must be sought on several levels.

I dagens sociala samhälle är maktrelationer präglade av individerna som förhållandena består av. Den psykologiska relevansen ligger i att maktutövande inte kan existera utan människor som lyder. Situationella aspekter spelar stor roll för olika lydnadsbeteenden men även personlighet utgör bidragande faktor. Studien undersökte bassjälvkänslans (BSE) och den förvärvade självkänslans (ESE) relation till lydnad (OBE). Korrelations- och hierarkisk multipel regressionsanalys genomfördes på data från totalt 144 enkätsvar.

The purpose of this study was to identify the positive and negative aspects of the work and dynamics of a management team and from that recommend how the team can improve. The aim was also to investigate whether there was a gap between how the members of the management team comprehend themselves and how the project, section and team managers comprehend the management team. The management team contains of seven core team members and is the head function of a research and development site in central Sweden. The results are based on interviews with the present members of the management team and three former members, a survey among the project, section and team managers and by participating observation on meetings with the team. The results show that the management team is an overall well-functioning team that with some changes and improvements, especially concerning communication and information, can reach even further.

This paper examines the non-profit organization Friskis&Svettis in order to gain insight into whether governmentality is used and if it is being used in what way. Furthermore we analyzed the requirements and consequences that that may have developed out of this governance structure. To get answers to the questions asked in this paper, a qualitative approach has been taken by the use of interviews with officials at Friskis&Svettis Uppsala. The conclusions drawn from the survey is that there are factors that indicate that governmentality is used within the organization by way of the use of guidelines which can be seen as a technique to control individuals and point them in the desired direction, and the follow-ups that can verify that the guidelines are being followed by the officials. The guidelines and the follow-up have also been an organizational requirement.

The aim of this qualitative study is to examine the experience of participation among first line managers within community home care. The study is based on eight interviews with first line managers operating in a metropolitan area in Sweden. A majority of the interviewees worked in private companies.We have used two theories to interpret our empiri: Lean Production and Human Resource Management. The analysis resulted in seven themes: economy, leadership, participation, view on the organization, first line manager, private or municipally operated organization and expectations on the manager. Our results showed that all the interviewees experienced that they were participant in the organization.

Direct marketing is an area within marketing that is growing rapidly. Many companies has realised the benefits of using direct marketing, such as receiving direct response from customers and gaining a better customer relation. The growth within direct marketing means that traditional mass marketing today face harder competition than ever. This thesis examines and look in to three well recognised Swedish companies use of direct marketing. Our main purpose is to establish how companies spend their marketing budget between direct marketing and traditional marketing activities.

Since January 1st 2005, public companies within the European Union shall prepare their consolidated accounts in conformity with the international accounting standards. The adopted accounting standards are IASB?s IAS/IFRS completed with interpretations. Furthermore, member states may permit or require public companies to prepare their annual accounts according to IAS/IFRS. Sweden has not yet given companies the ability to use IAS/IFRS in the annual accounts due to taxation difficulties the strong relationship between accounting and taxation brings.

Leaders in modern working life are confronted with frequent use of temporary groups. The purpose of this study was to examine possible reasons for swift trust towards leaders in temporary groups. The target group of the study was school employees. An opinion poll was carried out in the occupational group (n = 35) which made it possible to make statistical comparisons. The result showed that the following aspects were important for the development of swift trust in leaders: personal attributes, image related attributes, competence and experience, leadership and also social competence.