Since 1996 the Swedish households have ten folded their volume of loans for own homes that is attached to a floating interest rate. Also in 1996 the Swedish electric market was deregulated. These two facts have increased the volatility in the household expenses for these two commodities. This thesis studies the risk for homeowners attached to the exposure against the electric and the credit market. The risk model used is Cost-at-Risk which is usually used by public authorities for analysing the risk involved with national debt.

Real-time systems are required to answer to external stimuli within a specified time-period. For this to be possible, the systems behaviour must be predictable. The use of active databases in real-time systems introduces unpredictability in the system, e.g. due to their use of active rules. The behaviour in active databases is usually specified in ECA-rules.

Rising energy prices and higher energy demands have led to an increased focus on energy efficiency, in particular in the real estate business, where high potential for energy savings exists. Within the next few years, buildings that were constructed in the sixties and seventies will be in need of renovation. One of the challenges of these renovations will be to improve energy efficiency. A real estate company that is facing this challenge is Uppsalahem AB, based in the city of Uppsala, Sweden. This study focused on analyzing energy efficiency measures when renovating old buildings.

AbstractBusiness, or business decisions always involves an endangerment from the company?s aspect, but when it comes to business with foreign countries the risk profile looks quite different from the profile the company has when its doing business inside the country. Therefore, it is extremely important for an export company or import company to carefully consider the risks that are enclosed with the deal, before he makes the decision to enter a deal. One of the most important risks a company have to considerate when doing business with foreign countries is the currency risk. A company is exposed to currency risk when either long-term or short-term changes in the exchange rate may affect the result of the company, competitive position and growth.

With varied electoral success for anti-immigration parties across Western Europe, Sweden is often held as an example where anti-immigration parties have been less successful. This have caught the interest of many scientists around the world and have recently developed theories on a subnational level when testing Sweden?s municipalities, on why they have failed here but not in other countries. But in the election to 2010, Sweden now joins the rest of the Western-European countries in having an anti-immigrations party in the parliament.This paper has tested three theories on a Municipality that has shown evident support for the Sweden democrats, both in the local and the national election. This is done with a qualitative approach, made up from interviews with the local established parties.

Knowledge in reproduction in the Swedish lynx (Lynx lynx) is important forseveral reasons. Situated on top of the food chain, lynxes may be at risk of beingexposed to environmental toxins that could have adverse effect on reproduction.The population of lynxes is today managed by restricted hunting which demandsknowledge about both the lynxes numbers and their reproduction. In addition,lynxes may function as indicators of climate change for instance if their season ofheat would be earlier or prolonged due to a warmer climate. Today?s knowledgein reproduction in Swedish lynx is mainly based on information gathered fromradio collared animals.

During the fall of 2007 Uppsala University gave the course ?Projekt DV?. As a result of this class a publishing tool for real-time media came to be ShiShi TV. The purpose of this application was to introduce a new way to reach out to people. This was done with a video player on the Internet and a second one placed in a regular mobile phone.

Background: Suicidal individuals are vulnerable patients in need of a caring relationship. A caring relationship should be based on a real presence were the patient's needs are in focus. Yet research has shown that suicidal patients experience caring that exacerbate their suicidial problems and hopelessness.Aim: To describe the experiences of hope and hopelessness in suicidal patients and their encounter with health care.Methods: In a literature review, in accordance with Friberg (2012) eight scientific papers have used, analyzed and scrutinized to answer the purpose of a new whole.Results: Two main themes emerged in the results with related subcategories. Experiences of hopegiving acts with sub-themes: The significance of  a caring relationship, the significance of a strong social network and the significance of feelings of hopefulness. The second main theme that emerged was: Experiences of acts connected to hopelessness with subthemes: The significance of a non-confirmatory caring relationship and the significance of feelings of hopelessness.Discussions: It is found that suicidal patients experience care that lead to feelings of despair.

Brämhults Juice AB is one of Sweden?s leading producers of fresh fruit juices and drinks. The fruit drinks last 3 days once opened and when stored in a refrigerator kept at 7°C. Since factors that shorten the drinks? best before date are usually not noticed until the entire batch has expired, it would be advantageous to find a way to accelerate the drinks? natural deterioration, so that an unusal short best before date is noticed before more products are shipped off to the stores.

Real-time systems are required to answer to external stimuli within a specified time-period. For this to be possible, the systems behaviour must be predictable. The use of active databases in real-time systems introduces unpredictability in the system, e.g. due to their use of active rules. The behaviour in active databases is usually specified in ECA-rules.

Denna rapport ger en bild av vilka olika saker byggherrar i Sverigeanvänder sig av idag för att öka den sociala hållbarheten. De projektsom studerats är Bygga om Dialogen i Malmö, Älvstaden i Göteborg,Vivalla i Örebro och föreningen Byggemenskap.Genom att intervjua en person från varje område studeras likheteroch skillnader i hur man arbetat med den sociala hållbarheten vidbyggnation. I Malmö och Örebro studeras arbetet med att öka densociala hållbarheten vid renoveringsobjekt, hur får de hela områdensom länge haft ett dåligt rykte att bli socialt hållbara där stort fokusligger på att anställa långtidsarbetslösa.I Göteborg och i föreningen Byggemenskap fokuserar man på attföra in den sociala hållbarheten vid nybyggnation och hur vi kan byggahyresrätter som har en lägre hyra än nybyggda lägenheter i dagslägethar..

Jag undersöker huruvida fundamentala faktorer såsom konsumtion, investeringar, statliga utgifter samt utländsk exportefterfrågan inverkat på fluktuationer i USAs reala växelkurs mellan 1970 och 2005. Ekonomin beskrivs av en Mundell-Fleming-modell. Utifrån denna konstrueras tillsammans med en dynamisk exportmodell av Gottfries (2002) ett uttryck för en hypotetisk real växelkurs, vars utveckling jämförs med den faktiska växelkursutvecklingen. Jag finner vid denna beräkning samt vid en statistik analys, båda grundande på kvartalsdata, att den faktiska växelkursutvecklingen föregår chocker i konsumtion, investeringar, statliga utgifter med tre-fyra års sikt, vilket jag tolkar som att marknadens aktörer förutser förändringar inom de fundamentala faktorerna och påverkar valutaflödena därefter. Detta resultat utmärker sig från rådande empirisk forskning, som överlag inte finner något samband mellan växelkurser och fundamentala faktorer..

Real-time systems are required to answer to external stimuli within a specified time-period. For this to be possible, the systems behaviour must be predictable. The use of active databases in real-time systems introduces unpredictability in the system, e.g. due to their use of active rules. The behaviour in active databases is usually specified in ECA-rules.

Syftet med examensarbetet är att skapa förståelse kring hyresutvecklingen på kontorsmarknaden i Stockholm och att undersöka om det skett en real hyresutveckling under perioden 1980 till 2011. För att göra detta samlades hyresdata in från olika källor för att sedan skapa tre hyresindex för tre områden i Stockholm; CBD (Central Business District), Stockholm city och Stockholm övriga områden. Uppdelningen i tre områden gjordes för att tydliggöra hyresutvecklingen då det är skillnader i hyra mellan områdena. Vidare var en central del i att skapa förståelse att undersöka vilka faktorer som har haft störst påverkan på hyresutvecklingen. Därför jämfördes indexen mot makrofaktorerna BNP tillväxt, inflation, ränta, sysselsättning samt vakansgrad för kontorsfastigheter i Stockholm.Analysen visade att en något positiv real hyresutveckling hade skett inom alla tre områden: CBD under 1980-2011, Stockholm city 1981-2011, och Stockholm övriga områden 1994-2011.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Verotoxin-encoding bacteriophages in mussels, cultured downstream the sewage treatment plant in Lysekil.Mussels were collected in three growing areas from April 2008 to March 2009. Real-time PCR was performed for detection of vtx1 and vtx2 genes and enrichment of bacteriophages on non Verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157: H7 was carried out. All samples in real-time PCR analysis were negative; no presence of Verotoxin-encoding phages was shown. No plaque was formed on blood agar base plates, indicating that no bacteriophages had been taken up by E. coli bacteriaThe levels of Verotoxin-encoding phages and E.coli outside the sewage treatment plant in Lysekil were not high enough to be able to form VTEC in mussels, indicating that the faecal contamination was low.