This study is essentially based on my own questions concerning contemporary playgrounds. Why are they so unimaginative? What do the children say about them? Is it possible to create playgrounds less constructed, and with more natural elements? This report starts with references to literature studies, personal references and my personal view, and ends with a suggestion for a physical solution for an actual day care centre. The aim is to learn more about how the natural environment affects children, the importance of playing, and try to use this knowledge in a design of a day care centre. My main theme can be summarized in the following question: Why is natural elements in playgrounds considered to be healthy for children? I wanted to create a playground with natural characteristics which I myself would have appreciated as a child.

SammanfattningDenna uppsats besta?r av en fenomenografisk intervjustudie da?r 6 la?rare i idrott och ha?lsa intervjuats. I fokus sta?r idrottsla?rarnas tolkning av den nya a?mnesplanen i idrott och ha?lsa. I bakgrunden till denna studie presenteras rapporter fra?n skolverket och skolinspektionen som visar en komplicerad och problematisk bild av la?rare i idrott och ha?lsas tolkning av styrdokument.La?rarna har i denna studie fa?tt besvara fra?gor om hur de ser pa? begreppen ?kroppslig fo?rma?ga? och ?goda ro?relsekvalite?er?.

Fritidshemmens arbete med vila och rekreation befinner sig i skuggan av de ?vriga delar som ?terfinns i fritidshemmets uppdrag. ?tminstone r?der det ett forskningsgap g?llande hur l?rare i landet arbetar med dessa begrepp i praktiken. Genom v?r kvalitativa intervjustudie str?var vi efter att kunna bidra med mer underlag till forskningsf?ltet g?llande arbetsg?ngen kring vila och rekreation utifr?n ett policy enactment-teoretiskt perspektiv.

2020 blir barnkonventionen svensk lag. I och med det blir det juridiskt bindande att bland annat beakta barns b?sta i fr?gor som r?r barn. Fritidshemmet ?r i allra h?gsta grad en plats som barn spenderar mycket tid p?.

The purpose of this study was to explore the state of female prostitution in the city of Tehran, and besides, analyze the elements that can lead women to harlotry in Iran. This research is based on three sources of information: firstly, interviews with three harlots in Tehran and I got help of a semi-structured interview guide. Secondly, I discussed prostitution with conscious resources that worked within the public services in Tehran and had experienced of working with female prostitutes. Thirdly I analyzed texts and reports about prostitution in Iran. The data from interviews are tied to two theories: symbolic interactionism and feminism.

AbstractThis is a study of present day dogs with the purpose to establish a method to investigate archaeological dogs and determine their use in the past. The study has focused on measurements of five bone elements, scapula, humerus, radius, ulna and femur. A principal component analysis has been applied in order to decide which measurements to be further used in the analysis. Different proportions have been calculated on these measurements.A test to try the method has also been done on bones of a wolf and a dog without known background. The results from the different elements are positive, and they narrow the field down to two dog types of which one is more likely to be true than the other.The final results show that, although over lapses between the four different dog groups; hunting dogs, guard/work dogs, sled dogs and shepherd's dogs exists, it is possible to distinguish different dog usage from the proportions of the bones..

The purpose of this paper is to study the subject Islam and Democracy and see whatcommonalities exist between the two ideas and traditions of thoughts. The subject is topicaland often highlighted by the media in the West. The Islamic voices that we hear today iscertainly not democratic, given the violence and hatred carried out by Islamic extremistsagainst the West. The investigation of this paper have shown a different direction when thereare other voices such as those investigated reformist thinkers who argue that Islam has manydemocratic elements, and even that Islam is more suitable than democracy. According to thereformists ismodel of an Islamic state is democratic and legitimate.

The project deals with the evaluation and testing of speaker and microphone elements as well as microphone cavity.The first part of the report comprises a comprehensive theoretical part about drivers, microphone elements, and to some extent microphone cavity.The goal was to , on the behalf of the company Limes Audio AB, develop proposals on microphone element and cavity as well as drivers for a speakerphone application, based on specific factors. The main factors were performance, price and form factor.The aim was to create the best possible conditions for Limes Audio's software developers to implement the company's audio-enhancing software, mainly adaptive echo cancellation.The testing was carried out using Adobe Audition and MatLab. The test methods were developed in conjunction with Limes Audio and are described below.The project will result in suggestions for a speaker, a microphone and a cavity. The cavity were removed from the product because the results indicated that the cavity matter little for the end result.The report concludes with a discussion on how the measurements could have been enhanced to simplify the interpretation of the results and making the testing more efficient..

This thesis deals with numerical simulation of earth pressure against tubular bridges in the software Plaxis. Plaxis is a FEM (Finite Element Method) software based on numerical calculations for which approximate solutions are developed through an iterative process. The program is specifically designed for soil and rock mechanical tests, such as voltage and deformation calculations in soil.The Royal Institute of Technology conducted in 2005, field tests on tubular bridges of corrugated steel, which was part of Ersa Bayoglu Fleners PhD (Bayoglu Flener, 2009). She studied how two different tubular bridges deformed during installation and filling. Tests and measurements were made during filling.

The purpose of this paper is to examine different attitudes regarding freedom of information and how libraries should fulfil their information-task represented by four organisations. The organisations are important in shaping the Swedish public libraries in different ways. The purpose is to examine in what ways their definition of information freedom may differ from one another and what that means in defining the public library. For the survey the qualitative textual analysis has been used for examining the documents and websites that are part of the debate about the public library and information freedom. We chose to interview representatives of four organisations that in different ways influence the shaping of the public library.

Informell formativ bedo?mning a?r inte bedo?mning som tenderar att dokumenteras och sammanfattas till ett betyg, utan den bedo?mning som via dialoger i klassrummet hja?lper la?raren att avgo?ra vad eleverna kan eller om de ha?nger med i det la?raren fo?rso?ker fo?rmedla. Fo?r att bedo?mningen sedan skall vara formativ kra?vs det att informationen som la?raren fa?r fram vid dessa dialoger anva?nds som grund i fortsatt undervisning. Syftet med den ha?r studien a?r att fo?rdjupa kunskapen om informell formativ bedo?mning inom matema- tik pa? gymnasieskolan.

Denna studie har haft syftet att underso?ka vilka fo?resta?llningar nyexaminerade la?rare har vad ga?ller sanktioner i klassrummet och vad som pa?verkar dem i uto?vandet av sanktioner. Fra?gesta?llningarna ringar in vilka beteenden som anses oacceptabla, vilka sanktioner som la?rarna anva?nder sig av samt vad som pa?verkar la?rarna i sanktionsuto?vningen.Studien har sta?tt pa? en behavioristisk grund. Fra?mst ga?llde detta centrala begrepp, vilka var viktiga fo?r att analysera resultaten.

Utifr?n den kvalitativa metoden behandlar studien f?rskoll?rares och specialpedagogers olika uppfattningar samt erfarenheter av psykisk oh?lsa inom f?rskoleverksamheten. Fem f?rskoll?rare och tre specialpedagoger har intervjuats. Fr?gor som hur de enskilda professionerna uppfattar och identifierar psykisk oh?lsa bland barn mellan ett och fem ?r ?r centrala f?r studien tillsammans med hur ett f?rebyggande och h?lsofr?mjande arbete praktiseras inom f?rskolan. Den specialpedagogiska teorin samt det salutogena perspektivet har varit betydelsefullt f?r studien d? resultatet har tolkats utifr?n dessa.

Aluminium sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) is usually added during the drinking water treatment processin order to precipitate organic and inorganic material, resulting in aluminium-based drinkingwater treatment residual sludge (WTR). Since 2003 Swedish law no longer permits WTR tobe deposited in lakes, and there is an interest to explore the possibility to utilize WTR as soilamendment. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of WTR application on cropgrowth and concentrations of macronutrients and trace elements (including micronutrients andpotential toxic elements). A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted with three soils; a clayloam rich in phosphorous (P), a loamy sand rich in P, and a silty loam with a low soil Pconcentration, and two crop species Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam. cv.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att ta reda på hur en organisationsförändring kan mätas med avseende på formella och informella element samt att presentera hur mätprocessen kan genomföras. Studien bygger på intervjuer och dokumenterade utvärderingar. Studien visar att de formella elementen mäts genom att kontrollera att målen som satts upp inför förändringen är uppfyllda. De informella elementen mäts genom medarbetarundersökningar dock utan någon koppling till förändringen som har genomförts. När de informella elementen mäts i en förändringsprocess görs detta genom så kallade attitydmätningar.