Introduktion: Dental erosion definieras som förlust av tandens hårdvävnad genom en kemisk process som inte involverar bakterier. Dagens förändrade livsstil och kosthållning medför att våra tänder oftare utsätts för kemisk påverkan som kan leda till erosion. Det är flera faktorer som samverkar och dental erosion har en multifaktoriell etiologi.Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva olika registreringsmetoder för dental erosion.Frågeställningar: Vilka metoder kan användas för registrering av initial erosion? Vilka metoder kan användas för registrering av avancerad erosionsskada? Vilka metoder är kliniskt beprövade på patient?Metod: LitteraturstudieResultat: Ett flertal registreringsmetoder fanns beskrivna i litteraturen, merparten var inte applicerbara kliniskt. Registeringsmetoderna som framgick i den beskrivande litteraturstudien var: 3D scanning microscope (IFM), Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Digital photography (DP), Focus-variation 3D microscopy (FVM), Longitudinal microradiography (LMR), Non-contact confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), Optical assessment, Optical profilometry (OP), Quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Stylus profilometry (SP), Ultrasound, White light interferometry (WLI) och X-ray diffraction (XRD).Konklusion: Vid registrering av initial erosion krävs analys av tandytans mineralinnehåll samt optiska analyser med hjälp av instrument.

The aim of this study was to investigate how counselors who work at youth clinics relate to the question of the integrity of adolescents who are under 18 years old in relation to the parents rights to information. The study was based on semi-structured interviews with eight counselors from youth clinics in the StockholmCounty. We have analyzed our empirical material by categorizing the statements from the counselors and by using two different theories. The first one is a consequential ethics theory and the second one is a cognitive theory. These two theories have helped us to understand the thoughts and actions of the counselors.

Introduktion: Erosionsskador är ett växande problem bland barn, ungdomar och unga vuxna. Dental erosion har en multifaktoriell etiologi som består av endogena och exogena orsaker. Att erosionsskador på tänderna ökar kan bero på den höga konsumtionen av sura drycker bland barn, ungdomar och unga vuxna. Personer som idrottar kan löpa risk för dental erosion på grund av frekvent intag av sura sport/energidrycker men även till följd av påverkat salivflöde. Få studier har undersökt fotbollsspelares kunskap om dental erosion och dess konsumtion av sport/energidryck.Syfte: Att studera kunskapen om erosionsskador bland en grupp fotbollsspelande kvinnor och män.Frågeställningar: Vilken kunskap har fotbollsspelande kvinnor om erosionsskador? Vilken kunskap har fotbollsspelande män om erosionsskador? Vilken konsumtion har fotbollsspelarna av energi/sportdryck?Metod: Studien är en kvantitativ, empirisk, tvärsnittsstudie.Resultat: Totalt deltog 44 personer i studien, 29 kvinnor och 15 män.

Dental implants that are integrated into the jaw bones are widely used to replace lost teeth in human beings. Tooth-loss is often related to loss of the surrounding alveolar bone. This can make implant placement difficult and a bone substituting material may be required. The standard method is to use a bone graft harvested from the patient which requires additional surgery than that needed for implant placement. Limitations in the amount of bone that can be harvested also pose a problem.

The public service within health and care has changed remarkably during the last 30 years. It has been inspired by management ideas from profit-making businesses. Those thoughts are an umbrella term called Nex public management. In what way has New public management influenced the public service in Sweden? Important concepts in the change of public service are quality, effektivity and goals.

Background: Traditional oral health education is seldom enough in order for dental care personnel to motivate their patients to good, long-lasting oral health care habits and there is a need for evaluation of other more efficient methods. One of these methods is motivational interviewing. An overview of its origin, definition, theoretical background and practical methods is given by way of introduction. Aim: The aim of the investigation was to review studies that had used motivational interviewing in order to obtain oral health, focusing on prevention and treatment of gingivitis, periodontitis and dental caries. Method: Systematic review. A search question was run through the databases ASSIA, ERIC, PsycINFO, Social Services Abstracts, Sociological Abstracts and PubMed. The articles were reviewed based on defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: Five publications (based on three studies) met the inclusion criteria.

A tendency of impaired oral health has lately been seen among children and adolescents. The consumption of soft drinks and fruit juices is rising and at the same time many children and adolescents skip breakfast and lunch at school. That in combination with a frequent snacking increases the risk of caries. The aim of this study was to examine the knowledge of caries, oral hygiene- and dietary habits and experience of tobacco among 12-year-old schoolchildren. The study was performed in 5th grade in four different schools in the North East of Skåne in cooperation with the dental health board clinic in Näsby, Kristianstad.

Child health care in Sweden is today automatically informed of newborns in the district and itis therefore natural for the maternal and child health nurses to contact and invite the new family to the child welfare clinic. So far the social services in the studied county have not reported new adoptive families to the child welfare clinics; instead the families have to contact the clinic themselves. The aim of this study was to investigate how social services inform the child welfare clinics of new adoptive families. The aim was also to investigate how and when the maternal and child health nurse thinks that contact should be established and what information/knowledge she feels a need of in contact with new adoptive families. The study has a qualitative design and interviews have been conducted with social workers, a representative of an adoption agency and maternal and child health nurses working in child welfare clinics.

Syftet med studien var att jämföra den upplevda arbetssituationen hos tandhygienister inom folktandvården med tandhygienister inom den privata tandvården. Tandhygienister i södra Sverige som var registrerade hos SRAT (n=313) tillfrågades att delta i studien. Enkäten skickades ut elektroniskt, vilket gav en svarsfrekvens på 48% (n=151). Inom folktandvården svarade 59% (n=101) och inom den privata tandvården svarade 35% (n=50). Enkätfrågorna omfattade arbete, arbetsklimat, arbetssituation, profession, hälsa, inflytande och stöd i yrkesrollen samt bakgrundsfrågor om ålder, kön, anställningsform och arbetstid.

The aim of this study was to describe non-surgical treatment options for the diseases mucositis and peri-implantitis found in present literature. The literature review also illustrates the effect of the treatment opptions on soft tissue with mucositis and peri-implantitis surrounding dental implants. The study reviews twelve scientific articles that have been processed from the aim of the study. The result shows six therapy options, Er:YAG laser, air abrasive, ultrasonic device, hand instruments, hand instruments in combination with antibiotics and hand instruments in combination with clorhexidin. The following methods are described according to how they are used and how they affect the soft tissue surrounding dental implants.

TREATMENT AND EPISTEMOLOGY A STUDY ABOUT YOUTH CLINICS AND CHILD- AND YOUTH PSYCHIATRYS WORK WITH YOUNG PEOPLE Larsson, A och Nilsson, J. Behandling och förhållningssätt. En studie om ungdomsmottagningar och barn- och ungdomspsykiatrins arbete med ungdomar. Examensarbete i normöverträdelser, normkonflikter och sociala interventioner 15 poäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och Samhälle, enheten för Individ familj och samhälle, 2011.

In this work we have compiled results from various studies concerning medical conditions that may possibly be avoided by castration and the effects that may occur after castration of the healthy bitch. The work is a literature review but it also includes a summary on the age recommendations for castration of the healthy bitch, castration before or after the first heat and the castration method most commonly used of ovariohysterectomy and ovariectomy. The summary is based on a questionnaire answered by personnel from 20 veterinary clinics and animal hospitals evenly distributed throughout Sweden.The summary showed that ovariohysterectomy was the most common method of castration and the recommendation in age ranged from 6-12 months. Regarding castration before or after the first heat 75% of the veterinary clinics and animal hospitals answered that they recommended castration after the first heat. Literature study shows that there are both advantages and disadvantages of castration of the healthy bitch and that it therefore is important that each bitch get a personal and individual evaluation before a decision is taken concerning a castration..

The aim of the study was to examine plaqueindex, gingivalindex and oral hygiene measure among patients between 20-26 years of age, who were treated at the Dental Hygienist Programme at the University of Kristianstad. The study was performed as a dental record. All 126 subjects with records in this age were including in the study. Sixteen records (13 %) were excluded because the criteria were not fulfilled. Plauqeindex, gingivalindex and oral hygiene measures were registered from 110 records.

Background. Anesthetic-related death in small animal anesthesia is about ten times more common than in human anesthesia. Recent research identifies the early postoperative period as particularly risky and highlights the need for regular and careful monitoring of the veterinary patient during this period. Objective. The aims of this study were to investigate whether there are standard procedures in terms of regulated routine patient observations and record-keeping during the early postoperative period at Swedish veterinary clinics, and if there are any guidelines for monitoring the veterinary patient during recovery. Methods. A small survey including ten Swedish veterinary clinics was carried out as well as a literature review. Results.

Ultrasound is a well established diagnostic method in small animal veterinary practice but there appears to be limited use of ultrasound for evaluating the musculoskeletal system. The aim of this study was to investigate what publications exist concerning musculoskeletal ultrasound of dogs and to compare the use of musculoskeletal ultrasound at the University Animal Hospital (UDS) in Uppsala, to other animal hospitals in the world. The literature review is divided into three parts, the front leg, the hind leg and miscellaneous. The literature review focuses on the musculoskeletal abnormalities that can be seen with ultrasound. The front and hind leg sections are mainly focused on the joints.