In May 1675, the local court in the northern Swedish parish of Nordingrå, which had approximately 1,000 inhabitants, held a preliminary investigation on 113 persons accused of witch-craft and superstition. For the majority of the 113, the main accusation was to have travelled to Blåkulla, a place where witches according to Swedish folklore participated in satanic festivities and rites led by the Devil himself. The preliminary investigation was held at the request of The Royal Witch-craft Commission. Nordingrå belonged to the province of Ångermanland, one of the Swedish provinces with the highest number of witch trials in the 1670s. The trials in Nordingrå have, more or less never been examined before, mainly due to the fact that no sentences or penalties were ever imposed.The purpose of this paper is to examine social relations and social conflicts in Nordingrå with the records from the witch trial 1675 as the primary source.

THE THIN RED LINE ? Identity in theory and method With this essay I want to explore some possibilities with the term identity within archaeology. Identity is a term best understood in the light of different scientific approaches. For instance the anthropological and historical angel combined with the quality of archaeology, as is the case in this essay. By combining these approaches, I create a (clarification) method of exploring traces of identity.By analysing two different graves from Scania, having a negligible number of artefacts from the Viking Age, and three graves from Bornholm, known for its large number of finds from this period, I test the ability of my method.

AbstractThe church of Borrie lies about 10 km north of Ystad in the southern of Sweden. Though thechurch is one of the smallest in Scania it holds a very complicated history.In this essay all relevent material concerning the church of Borrie is presented. The materialdoes not only concist of literature, but also photographs. The purpose of this investigationwas to use this material to sort out and explain the history of the church of Borrie.The problem is presented in the following points:1. Is it possible to do a building archaeological analysis with photographs of the churchas the main material?2.

Detta examensarbete handlar om forpackning av keramiska substrat. Canning ar det universellanamnet pa forpackning av keramiska substrat. Keramiska substrat kan vara katalysatorer ellerpartikelfilter som anvands som ett efterbehandlingssystem i bensin och Diesel applikationer.Examensarbetet genomfordes hos Scania CV AB.I installationsprocessen sveps en keramisk fibermatta runt det keramiska substratet. Substratetinkapslas sedan med ett metalholje. Rapporten inleds med att beskriva olika installationsmetoder.Fordelar och tillampningsomraden for det olika metoderna beskrivs.Sedan beskrivs det ingaende komponenterna.

This study aims to delineate the discourse of the canonical issue of the defectus natalium, the defect of birth, ascribed to medieval Catholic clergy of illegitimate birth, which prevented ordination to the Holy Orders or advancement to higher monastic offices. Using papal dispensations directed to Swedish clerics, monks and nuns during the period 1255-1372, the essay attempts to outline the official attitude of the papal authority towards illegitimate birth among its servants and how such a defect could be compensated by the individual. The study argues that various circumstances and personal qualities could be addressed to support the case of the supplicant. The main themes include an observance of clerical celibacy, scholarly learning, pilgrimage permeated by hardship, intervention of a third party, loyalty to the Church and overall practical circumstances that demanded a dispensation for the benefit of the ecclesiastical institutions. Drawing some inspiration from Michel Foucault?s conception of discourse, the essay argues that a polarizing discourse had by the 13th century been formed within the Catholic Church, which focused on a dichotomy of the legitimate and illegitimate cleric.

The society of today can?t manage without transportation. We need transports to getfood, to go to work and to create new products. The transportation ofgood is thus an important part in the function of the society and they?ll increase, bothin number and in amount.

Cultivation of grapevine is novel under Scandinavian conditions. We studied the impact of ground cover on frost hardiness of grapevine cultivars in Northwestern Scania in a two-factorial trial with four cultivars Solaris, Pinot Gris, Siegerrebe, Ortega and three kinds of ground cover (open soil, plastic cover and gravel). The study was conducted in a grapevine orchard, planted in May 2009, in Broddarp on Bjärepenisula Sweden (N latitude 56°; longitude E 12°). Soil and air temperature were monitored continuously. Frost hardiness measurements were performed every second week from late September to early December 2009. Frost resistance, LT50, was determined by electrolyte leakage measurement of the upper stems after artificial freezing at -15 °C.

The purpose of this essay was to describe and analyse the tension/conflict between external demands and actual conditions, as experienced (and told in interviews) by employees at two social insurance offices in Scania, concerning their roles in the process of working life rehabilitation. The theoretical starting point is the theory of street-level bureaucrats, as defined by Lipsky. The comprehension among the employees were that working life rehabilitation services are approved less today compared to a few years ago. The discretion, i.e. the position to choose among competing alternatives; about what to do, how to do it etc., characteristic of street-level bureaucrats, according to the employees is less prominent, as the routines of handling cases and decision making are regulated.

Scania är en av världens ledande tillverkare av lastbilar för tunga transporter, bussar samt industri- och marinmotorer. I Södertälje finns bland annat deras axelmontering. Axelmonteringen är indelad i tre monteringslinjer; bakaxelline, framaxelline och specialaxelline.Syftet med detta examensarbete är att kartlägga nuvarande specialaxelline och utvärdera denna med hjälp av olika metoder från lean produktion.Därefter identifiera aktiviteter för att minska slöserier, för att optimera monteringslinjen med avseende på volym och/eller bemanning.Kartläggningen av nuläget visade att drygt 40 % av de aktiviteter som montörerna utför är icke-värdeskapande, där den största slöserikällan är olika typer av rörelse. Det gick även att se att beläggningen på de olika positionerna varierar stort och generellt är låg.Utifrån dessa insikter arbetades 15 förbättringsförslag fram. Förslagen delades in i tre grupper beroende på om de kan införas med omkostnader, investeringar eller produktförändringar.

Sammanfattning Jönsson, Fredrik och Kostadinovski, Jovan. Det skånska kriget och försvenskningen i läroböckerna. (A textbook analysis ? when Scania became Swedish) Individ och samhälle, Lärarutbildningen, 180 poäng, Malmö högskola 2007. Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka hur det skånska kriget och försvenskningen behandlas i några av grundskolans vanligaste läroböcker. Vi ville även veta vilken betydelse läroboken har för genomförandet av undervisningen. Arbetet ger en sammanfattning av Skånes historia och en överblick av hur vi som lärare kan motivera studier om Skåne utifrån våra nuvarande styrdokument. Uppsatsen tar sin teoretiska utgångspunkt i historiedidaktiken och betydelsen av ett historiemedvetande.

Montagu´s harrier (Circus pygargus) is a diurnal, Eurasian raptor, which migrates from its northern breeding grounds to winter in sub-Saharan Africa. In Sweden, its core breeding area is centred on the island of Öland, with a stable breeding population of approximately 40 pairs. The province of Uppland is on the northern end the distribution range, where 4-8 pairs have regularly bred since the 1980s. In Sweden, the Montagu?s harrier is classified as an endangered (EN) species. This classification is partly due to a lack of preferred nesting habitat, such as shrub-lands or dense wetlands with Claudium spp.

The purpose of this paper is to survey the textile based proto-industrialism in Sweden in the middle of the 19th century. This case study is founded upon Anders Hansson?s pre-industrial textile production at the estate of Mölneby, Östra Frölunda in the rural district of Kind in the province of Västra Götaland.Account books from the year 1853 related to Anders Hansson?s wool fabric manufacturing have been looked into and categorized using a quantitative research method. The research has also been supplemented with a number of interviews.The result of the survey shows that Anders Hansson?s business activities fit into Mendel?s theory of proto-industrialists at a practice level.By collaborating with a merchant in Gothenburg the fabrics were traded in unknown markets, as well as in more familiar neighbouring districts.

Scania är en av världens ledande tillverkare av lastbilar för tunga transporter, bussar samt industri- och marinmotorer. I Södertälje finns bland annat deras axelmontering. Axelmonteringen är indelad i tre monteringslinjer; bakaxelline, framaxelline och specialaxelline.Syftet med detta examensarbete är att kartlägga nuvarande specialaxelline och utvärdera denna med hjälp av olika metoder från lean produktion.Därefter identifiera aktiviteter för att minska slöserier, för att optimera monteringslinjen med avseende på volym och/eller bemanning.Kartläggningen av nuläget visade att drygt 40 % av de aktiviteter som montörerna utför är icke-värdeskapande, där den största slöserikällan är olika typer av rörelse. Det gick även att se att beläggningen på de olika positionerna varierar stort och generellt är låg.Utifrån dessa insikter arbetades 15 förbättringsförslag fram. Förslagen delades in i tre grupper beroende på om de kan införas med omkostnader, investeringar eller produktförändringar.

The report comprises two separate parts:part 1:  Temperature needs for district heating in the paint shop for axles in building 210part 2:  Energy and low temperature waste heat solutions in heating and cooling systems for   building 64 with surroundingsThe paint shop for axles in part 1 has air quality requirements in places for coating of axles. Toachieve desired air properties there are different process ventilation systems, which consist ofventilation coils for heating and cooling, plus air humidifier. The ventilations coils for heating usedistrict heating. Today the ventilation coils use water of 100°C to achieve necessary air demands inthe coating boxes. This part of the report investigates whether the existing system would achievethe air requirements with a water temperature of 75°C instead of 100°C in the ventilation coilsduring the coldest parts of the year.

The idea for this project was initiated together with one of the leaders in the forest, paper and packaging industry. To get through an A/R CDM process the company is exposed to the risk of failing the process or that the overall costs will exceed the benefits of the project. This would delete the incentives to invest in GHG removals compared to purchasing emission allowances on the carbon market. The questions that have been raised and needs clarification in the thesis are the following:? From a company perspective, what are the incentives for implementing Forest Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects?? What is a likely financial outcome of a reforestation CDM project on degraded land in the Guangxi province of the Peoples Republic of China?? When does an investment like this break even with the cost of buying market based carbon emission allowances? The objective of this master thesis is to carry out a research about the incentives for forest, paper and packaging companies to invest in reforestation through the clean development mechanism.