The purpose of the study was to examine what methods and strategies individuals use to maintain their weight loss. Another aim was to explore which factors can complicate or simplify weight loss maintenance. Fifty-four individuals who had maintained their weight loss more than a year, participated by answering a questionnaire. The questionnaire was constructed and distributed through the internet. The answers were registered in the program google docs.  The participants mentioned successful methods and strategies, such as exercising regularly, the majority exercised 30 minutes at least five times per week.

The quality of bread wheat is a large subject to study. The quality rests on two legs. The first one is the inheritance of specific characters, which can be influenced through plant breeding and type of cultivar. The other one is the environmental influences, such as crop rotation, nutrition, harvest and storage. The latter factors are possibly to affect through cultivation practices, while other factors are not possible to influence on for the grower, such as seasonal changes of weather and the soil content.

Genetic defects are caused by mutations in major genes where the gene?s protein product has a large impact on the physiology of the animal. The synthesis of the protein can be altered by a change in the nucleotide sequence, which can lead to malformation and in many cases death.One of the main reasons of increase in many genetic defects is the use of few bulls in breeding programmes, causing a reduction of the genetic variation. Genetic defects cause suffering for the animal and influences the production by, for example, increased costs due to misscarriages, lost milk production and expenditure for medical treatment. Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) and Complex Vertebral Malformation (CVM) are two genetic defects that were widespread before the causative mutation was discovered.

Nutrition är en viktig och central del av människans liv. När man inte får i sig tillräcklig mängd näring kan det få allvarliga följder så som malnutrition, ett tillstånd som ofta sätts i samband med trycksår. Trycksår orsakar lidande både fysiskt och psykiskt för de som drabbas och har därigenom påverkan på deras livskvalitet. Syftet med studien var därför att söka evidens för betydelsen av näringstillskott för läkningen av trycksår. Evidensstudien baserades på nio vetenskapliga artiklar.

Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein with important biological role because of its capacity to bind to haemoglobin. Haptoglobin exists in three major genetic polymorphism types: Hp1-1, Hp2-1 and Hp2-2, the distribution of which has been associated with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), an asymptomatic aortic disease common among men older than 65 years.    Five different electrophoretic methods were tested according to their ability to separate the haptoglobin phenotypes. The detection was based on a produced hemolysate of blood in which haemoglobin binds to haptoglobin thereby forming a complex that can be detected by specific haemoglobin staining using TMB-dihydrochloride and hydro peroxide as substrate resulting in an azure-green color of the bands. Samples from 15 patients who had suffered surgery for not broken AAA, that is more than5.0 cmaortic diameter, and 15 samples from matched controls were analyzed.    Among the five tested electrophoretic methods best migration and separation was seen on the pre-cast agarosgel Hydragel HR on the instrument Hydrasys. The other four methods gave less successful results.

The process of drug discovery is very slow and expensive. There is a need for reliable in silico methods; however the performance of these methods differs.This work presents a targeted study on how the drug discovery methods used in OpenEye?s tools ROCS, EON and FRED perform on targets with small ligands. It was examined if 12 compounds (markers) somewhat similar to AMP could be detected by ROCS in a random data set comprised of 1000 compounds. It was also examined if EON could find any electrostatic similarities between the queries and the markers.

Lao People?s Democratic Republic (PDR) is a country where the majority of the population works within the sector agriculture in one way or another. The number of goats are increasing and the animals can be an important income source for families. However, during the dry season, lack of feed is a great problem for the farmers. Fodder trees have shown great potential as dry season feeding, due to that the trees often hold green and fresh leaves a long time into the season, compared to grass that dry out quickly.

The objective for this master?s thesis was to test and evaluate two methods for determining the content of tannin in a pinebarkextract. The methods used at Södra for this previously have not been specific enough, only the amount of polyphenolics have been measured. One of these methods is a test based on the Stiasny test and it determines the extracts ability to form a gel with formaldehyde. When this test was carried out it showed that the extract did not contain much tannin.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrund Undernäring är vanligt förekommande bland äldre i Sverige varav en orsak är att de äter för få måltider och har dålig aptit. Det är därför viktigt att de äldre erbjuds tillräckligt många mål mat per dag och att maten är energi- och näringsriktig. Sjuka, undernärda äldre behöver ofta äta energi- och proteinrik kost för att uppnå sina behov. Det är viktigt att motverka och behandla undernäring då det kan medföra bland annat försämrad livskvalité. Med denna studie ville vi ta reda på och belysa hur de äldres näringsintag verkligen såg ut.Syfte Syftet med studien var att studera intag av energi, protein, järn, kalcium samt C och D-vitamin under två huvudmåltider, två dagar hos geriatriska patienter som åt E-kost.Metod Metoden som användes var en vägd kostregistrering samt fotografering.

In developing countries such as Vietnam the population consumes more animal products for example milk and meat than before which requires greater livestock production. Ruminants contributes to more methane emission which creates a dilemma between food production and its environmental impact. By feeding ruminants with nutritive crops which humans can not assimilate the animal performance will increase in terms of better growth and milk production without inpinging on food that can be consumed directly by humans. Increasing animal performance reduces methane emission in terms of amount of methane in kg-1 milk and meat which today is much greater in developing countries than developed countries. The aim of the study was to investigate tropical tannin-rich legumes for their potential as a feed supplement for ruminants made in vitro.

Bakgrund: Osteoporos är en skelettsjukdom som ökar risken för frakturer. Sjukdomen i sig ärasymtomatisk men frakturerna som uppkommer leder till morbiditet och ökad mortalitet. ISverige beräknas en tredjedel av kvinnorna i åldrarna 70-79 år ha osteoporos i höften ochförekomsten förväntas öka i och med att Sverige får en allt äldre befolkning. En strategi föratt minska risken för frakturer är att öka bentätheten. På senare år har det gjorts flera studiersom undersökt om komjölksprotein kan öka bentätheten.Syfte: Att undersöka om intag av komjölksprotein påverkar benremodelleringen och/eller gerökad bentäthet hos unga människor, vilket skulle kunna leda till ett högre peak bone mass.Sökväg: Sökningar i PubMed och Scopus efter originalartiklar utfördes under april 2011.Sökord som användes var ?Milk AND bone mass/density?, ?Milk protein AND bonemass/density?, ?Milk basic protein AND bone mass/density?.Urvalskriterier: Originalartiklar på svenska/engelska som undersökt effekten av intag avmjölkprotein på bentätheten med hjälp av Dual energy X-ray absorbtiometry (DXA), samt påbenremodelleringen med hjälp av biomarkörer inkluderades.

Studien handlar om producenter och konsumenters medvetenhet om de utmaningar som finns g?llande en mer v?xtbaserad kost, med s?rskilt fokus p? konsumenters uppfattningar om n?ringsinneh?llet. Definitionen av konsumenter i denna uppsats ?r individer som konsumerar k?ttsubstitut utan n?got krav p? regelbundenhet. Producenter definieras som talespersoner f?r diverse f?retag av k?ttsubstitut. K?ttsubstitut n?mns i denna studie och definieras som texturerat v?xtbaserat protein och halvfabrikat.

I Sverige är soja det vanligaste proteinfodermedlet inom fjäderfäproduktionen. Att utfodra med inhemska proteinfodermedel istället för soja kan göra slaktkycklingsproduktionen mer hållbar. I Sverige är åkerbönan ett alternativ att ersätta sojan med då den är rik på råprotein och skördarna i landet har ökat de senaste åren. Åkerbönan innehåller dock antinutritionella substanser (ANS) så som tanniner, trypsininhibitorer och lektiner, som försämrar näringsupptaget hos kycklingen. Vitblommig åkerböna innehåller låg mängd av tanniner, men innehåller däremot trypsininhibitorer och lektiner, vilket kan medföra att det blir svårare för kycklingen att tillgodogöra sig protein, vilket kan leda till försämrade produktionsegenskaper.

Reliable methods to analyze food for the presence of almond are important ? not only for those allergic to almond, but also for monitoring the compliance with labelling regulations (EG directive 2003/89). Until now the Swedish National Food Administration has used methods like rocket immunoelectrophoresis and real-time PCR to detect almond in food. These methods are, however, not sensitive enough for protecting the most sensitive individuals. Therefore, the performance of a commercial ELISA kit was tested with regard to specificity/cross reactivity and limit of detection for almond both in solution and in different matrixes.The limit of quantitation was at least 3,1 ppm (mg/kg) in solution and similar concentrations were measured in bisquits and chocolate.

New energy resources that can replace petroleum diesel are needed and biodiesel may be an excellent substitute. During storage and use, biodiesel can oxidize and form peroxides, leading to degradation of the fuel. It is therefore important to determine the peroxide content of the fuel. In this thesis the triphenylphosphine method, which involves GC-MS analysis has been compared to the standard iodometric method which involves titration with sodium thiosulfate. Working standards were made to see how well the iodometric method worked and also in order to make a calibration curve in GC-MS.