The maintenance phase within software projects is typically very expensive in terms of resources. The activities of this phase are largely focused around some form of modification of program code. This leads one to consider if there are alternative methods of code production that results in code that allows for less costly modifications. This thesis has its basis in a subset of those concepts which research has shown to provide more flexible code. Once this subset is established, connections are made between the concepts within the subset and claims of benefits provided by the use of Test Driven Development (TDD) methodology.

We would like to learn more about how the restrictive policy against incentive programmes affects the board?s of Swedish state owned commercial firms ability to govern management in an efficient way. We also want to find out if there are different consequences in reference to this that are not directly linked to corporate governance issues. Our empiric observations have been made in order to profoundly explore the subject and examine it through the eyes of professional individuals, all expressing different views and standpoints. We conclude that the most efficient structure is when an active board is complemented by a well structured and individualised incentive programme.

In preparation for the autumn term in 2011, the Swedish elementary school adopted newsyllabuses regarding,inter alia, the civic education (Sw. Samhällskunskap). The civiceducation has traditionally been a disciplinary subject with a main purpose of mediatingdemocratic values as well as providing general orientation in the society. Generally, the civiceducation intends to reflect the world in which people live in, being a complex society whichto a large extent is regularly affected by global aspects and developments.The purpose of this study is to review all the elementary school?s syllabuses relating to thecivic education with specific focus on the globalisation perspective.

The purpose of this study is to investigate, and if possible explain, how background, childhood, and education in a municipal or regional context can affect young peoples? life trajectories.The living conditions for the population in the coastal region Roslagen with its geographical and historical specificities has during centuries largely been characterized by practical crafts-manship. With a growing share of non-permanent residents in the region with demand for help and services, this culture has during the later years been able to prosper. The social reproduc-tion in the municipality also seems to be extensive. In addition to original background, appar-ently the municipality?s service-dominated trade and industry culture has also affected the choice of education and profession of the youth in Norrtälje.

This study was built on the concept of Emotional Intelligence (EI) as an ability with four branches, to effectively: (1) perceive (2) reason (3) understand and (4) manage emotions. By closely studying the four processes of EI through eight semistructured interviews with psychologists, counselors, CBT-therapists and psychotherapists, a study of participants' stories from real practice was done and then analyzed and interpreted. The purpose of this study was to get the participants to describe and put words on practical experiences that occur with clients that correspond to the four domains that define the concept of EI according to Mayer et al. (2008) and find out about if their way of "doing" EI gets trained and developed after several years of professional activity. The results shows that the practitioners used all four branches of EI in dialog with the client, both intra- and interpersonal.

This report is a commission from the Care Unit of Hässleholm municipal. The purpose is to illuminate what is distinguish for contact persons at sheltered housing in the Municipal of Hässleholm? It contains three questions at issue. What are the expectations of the contact men? What information is given? How is communication between the professional categories working out?The report also contains a background with a brief Swedish history in care of older people.

The purpose of this essay has been to investigate the research and national initiatives regarding film and Cineliteracy in the Swedish curriculum.The results show that, after all research, national initiatives and the continual clarification from the Swedish National Agency for Education concerning film's place in the Swedish subject, the vision of students cineliteracy not at all obtain an obvious place in the curriculum.The research points out the main causes behind this result to be teachers' lack of expertise and the fact that the formal education for future teachers in the subject still upholds traditional views on the subject of Swedish.The initiative presented in this essay also show lack of continuity, lack of adequate professional development opportunities for teachers and lack of practical guidance manuals to help teachers to develop and educate their pupils in line with current research and visions. .

By conducting qualitative interviews five pedagogues and eight children in the ages three to five have answered questions regarding environmental work in preschool.The purpose of this report was to examine how environmental work is pursued at two preschools and what children at these preschools think about environmental work. Recycling of garbage and small cultivation projects together with the children is what the pedagogues consider being the most common environmental work at their particular preschools. In the professional role of the pedagogue if can be clearly seen what special interests he or she has.Most of the children associate the forest with some kind of snack and animals. Half of the interviewed children also think about animals when they visit the forest. Half of the interviewed children also have an understanding of where peels from fruits should be tossed, but no one knows the meaning of the word environment.

The aim of this study is to contribute knowledge about how preschool teachers reason around their role in the work with children being maltreated. The study has been based on the following questions: How do the preschool teachers identify children being maltreated ? How do the preschool teachers act after they have identified a child thats being maltreated? What difficulties experienced preschool teachers based on their professional roles related to child maltreatment? The method used in the study is a focus group interview, which is a kind of informal group discussion. The result shows that there are difficulties in the preschool regarding the work with children being maltreated. Some of the difficulties that the preschool teachers raised was the contact with the guardians, society?s negative perception of the social services, that all the notifications must go through the pre-school manager and that they don?t have so much experience of notifications. .

Purpose: The study aims to, from a companys point of view, describe how strategic work with customer loyalty is done.Conclusion: Another possible way to try to create loyalty is to exceed the expectations whether the customer is a member of the loyalty program or not. A strong brand with a good reputation can also contribute to a stronger loyalty. Reward systems gradually reward the customers since they first need to collect points, or in this case miles, to be able to use them later on. The staff is often educated in service to be able to interact with the customer in a professional manner. One way to interact with the members of the loyalty program is through profiles on the internet.

The purpose of this study is to examine a preschool's work to counteract traditional gender roles, which strategies are used and how norms about gender roles are produced and treated. The study also examines whether the preschool has an intersectional perspective in it's gender work, which analyzes how they relate to other categories such as ethnicity, race, class, age and sexuality in their work. I have been observing and conducting four interviews with teachers at a preschool with a gender profile. In my analysis I have used Foucault's theories about discourse and power. The results show that the informants had a high awareness of gender and that the main strategies used were: an individual perspective, seeing the individual and not the sex, and a gender-neutral strategy, removing everything that is gendered, for example, in language and environment.

Minst 500 000 av Sveriges befolkning har kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) och ungefär 250 000 har hjärtsvikt. De två patientgrupperna hade många likartade symtom och en sjuksköterskeledd gemensam primärvårdsmottagning för dessa patienter kunde innebära många vinster. Ett av distriktssköterskans kompetensområde var att ha stödjande samtal om hur den enskilde patienten hanterade sin sjukdom. Syftet med uppsatsen var att jämföra copingförmåga och copingstrategier mellan patienter med KOL och patienter med hjärtsvikt, samt att undersöka eventuella skillnader av grad av ångest, depression, påverkan på funktion av fatigue och andfåddhet utifrån copingförmåga och användande av olika copingstrategier.  Metoden var en beskrivande och jämförande tvärsnittsstudie. Patienter med KOL respektive hjärtsvikt från primärvården i tre landsting ingick i studien och de fick svara på en hemskickad enkät.

The purpose of the essay is to study documentation of teachers in reports of students? development at school. The study will concentrate on what teachers write in the reports, to what degree the written text refers to the aims of the Swedish curriculum and also to study what kind of language the teachers use in the reports, based on theories of professional language. The material used consists of written reports from two classes, one in the 6th and one in the 8th grade from two different schools. The reports come from six teachers altogether, and the text has been divided in phrases which have been categorized in different groups depending on the content and the language used.

Journalists´ role in society has traditionally been of representative nature with a task to distribute news and scrutinize those in power. But technological changes have created a new publishing world outside the traditional media institutions. In today?s redactional society anyone can become a publisher in a blog or through other channels on online. This process can be seen as contributing to increased democratization giving everyone the opportunity to publish.

Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) utgår ifrån att alla individer vill visa sin kompetens vilket tar sig uttryck i två målinriktningar; ego och task. Individen påverkas av omgivningen som driver ett motivationsklimat som kan uttryckas i samma typer av målinriktning. Motivationsklimatet och målinriktningarna anses påverka hur individen agerar och hanterar t.ex. ängslan/oro och prestation. Denna studie behandlar samband mellan individuella målinriktningar, upplevt motivationsklimat drivet av tränare, träningskamrater och föräldrar, tävlingsrelaterad ängslan/oro och upplevd prestation.