Abstract Over the years the consciousness of risk has grown. It?s hard to influence risks, therefore there are guidelines stating that significant risk must be included in the annual report. This paper is a case study; the purpose was to examine how four Swedish listed companies chose to disclose their internal and external risks. Risk is initially described in general sense and then it figures to what constitutes an economic risk.Through a case study of four Swedish listed companies? annual reports we have, through qualitative methods found how the companies chose to disclosure their risks.

Due to increasing product availability and higher demands on fast deliveries, the competition between companies is growing. To be able to satisfy the customers? requests an efficient logistics system with short throughput time is required. By using tools associated with Lean production companies are able to make great improvements in their manufacturing systems and reduce lead times to satisfy customer demands.There are two classifications associated with manufacturing, high variety and low volume (HVLV) and low volume and high variety (LVHV). The general belief is that the concept of Lean production is difficult to implement in a production environment with high variety and low volume due to the concept being adapted to mass production.

The aim of this report is to investigate, on the basis of two consult agencies perspectives, what the possibilities and obstacles are to integrate the work with antagonistic and accident related risks. The report is based on two consult agencies where each agency´s work procedure is represented by a risk management method. The work with accident related and antagonistic risks is analysed and evaluated compared to four different components. The components are risk management process (IEC´s and FEMA´s model), driving forces, education and competence, and resources to control risk management with COSO?´s ERM framework.

Sammanfattning  Datum:                               2011-01-14 Kurs:                                  Kandidatuppsats i företagsekonomi Lärosäte:                           Mälardalens högskola Akademi:                           Akademin för hållbar samhälls- och teknikutveckling Handledare:                      Lennart Bogg Examinator:                      Cecilia Lindh Författare:                         Wilhelm Moby och Pia Robson Nyckelord:                         Lean Production, implementering, effekter. Titel:                                   Det lutar mot Lean ? en jämförelse av arbetet med- och effekterna av Lean Production på ASSA AB med teoretiska kunskaper inom ämnesområdet.                                           Problemfrågor:                 Hur har ASSA AB gått tillväga för att införa Lean Production och vilka faktorer har varit avgörande?Vilka effekter har införandet av Lean Production givit verksamheten? Syfte:                                 Den här studien ämnar undersöka och sedan jämföra arbetet med- och effekterna av Lean Production hos ASSA AB med teoretiska kunskaper inom ämnesområdet.   Metod:                               Metoden är av kvalitativ karaktär och med hjälp av djupare litteraturstudier och en semi-strukturerad intervju ska studiens syfte uppfyllas. Slutsatser:    Resultatet av den här studien kan sammanfattas med att det som framkommit i den empiriska undersökningen mycket väl överrensstämmer med det som sägs i den teoretiska referensramen. ASSA AB har först infört verktygen 5S och standardiserat arbetssätt, vilket möjliggjort införandet av andra verktyg såsom kanban. Inget av detta hade dock varit möjligt med ett lyckat resultat om inte personalen först blivit utbildade och en leankultur skapats.

There is a common belief that the arts contain knowledge of creativity that can enrich the business world. Similarly, the arts are in need of additional support from the private sector and know-how of business practices. In short, there is a need for mutual understanding. With my background as a dancer paired with my studies at the Stockholm School of Economics I have taken the challenge of bringing the two worlds closer together. By changing a social system, like an organization, it is possible to get a better understanding of it.

Bakgrund: Det rådande pensionssystemet i Sverige består av sex så kallade AP-fonder. Genom åren har pensionssystemet flertalet gånger kritiserats för dess låga avkastning.Problem: Vår huvudfråga är att jämföra AP-fondernas risk och avkastning med aktiemarknaden som helhet, detta ska ske med hjälp av två jämförelseindex: MSCI World och SIXRX.Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att jämföra de fyra första AP-fondernas risk och avkastning med aktiemarknaden som helhet under åren 2002-2010.Metod: Vi har använt oss av en kvantitativ metod, genom att samla in information från AP-fondernas årsredovisningar och hemsidor. Vi har samlat in historisk data, som vi sedan har bearbetat och analyserat.Slutsats: De studerade AP-fonderna har presterat sämre än aktiemarknaden..

Deregulation on the market for agricultural products leads to a more globalised market with increasing price fluctuations. This, in turn, places the farmer in positions influenced by new risks but also improved opportunities. The farmers are faced by uncertainty in terms of financial outcome. To be able to utilise these new market conditions it becomes increasingly important for farmers to continuously follow the price trend, and to develop strategies how to manage the risks exposed by a volatile market. Farmers with different conditions perceive risk in different ways. Hence, their risk management behaviour will vary.

This is the final documentation of the basis that can be the foundation of how to solve theproblem with leaking hydraulic oil in a shoe press at the company Albany InternationalAB in Halmstad, Sweden.The project has been performed at Halmstad University as a degree project commissionedby Albany International AB. The purpose of the degree project was to find a way ofdetecting the hydraulic leak of a shoe press. The reason is that the shoe press runsunattended during nights and weekends, this can cause an extensive decontaminationwork and production stop if leak. The hydraulic oil could be leaking in large amounts orslowly as a fine mist. The development of a working system that can detect a hydraulicoil leak and stop the machine before a large amount of hydraulic oil leaks out wouldconsiderably reduce the cost of the decontamination work.

Att handla o?ver internet fra?n utlandet mo?jliggo?r la?gre priser och sto?rre produktutbud. Trots det visar underso?kningar att e-handel fra?n utlandet ligger la?ngt ifra?n den inhemska e-handeln I Sverige. Statistiken visar pa? att e-handel fra?n utlandet inte no?dva?ndigtvis poserar na?gon ytterligare risk ja?mfo?rt med e-handel som sker inrikes.

PurposeThe purpose of this study has been to investigate the documentation process following the guiding principles of the Quality Norms for Fall Prevention concerning fall risk assessment, risk identification, fall preventive measures, information and the making of an individual care plan.MethodThis study is a quantitative, descriptive and retrospective journal review study. There were 100 journals examine the existing documentation concerning fall risk assessment of patients who received treatment in geriatric patient care. The sample was consecutively.ResultsThe results showed that fall risk assessment was documented in 79 of 100 examined journals. 56 (71 %) of the fall risk assessments were made within 24 hours. In 59 of 100 journals the patient, relatives or former caretakers was asked whether the patient had had a fall within the last year, and in 61 of 100 journals it was documented that the nursing staff had made an assessment that the patient was going to have a fall during his or her length of stay if no preventive measures were set in.The majority of fall risk factors and fall preventive measures were documented within the areas of walking and transfer. It was documented that the patient was informed of fall risk, fall risk factors and fall preventive measures in 15 of 100 journals.

The Volvo Trucks plant in Umeå is a highy complex manufacturing facility where the same production line handles a variety of different models. This require flexible and agile processes with high quality standards. This thesis studies the flow of material through a production line and how Volvo can use their existing manufacturing monitoring system to optimize the flow of materials.The goal with the thesis is to identify eventual problems with the flow of materials and to deliver a few proposals on how the production line can improve its productivity. The theory of LEAN, Just-In-Time and Supply Chain Management serves as the scientific reference to this project. By analyzing the flow of material, performing interviews and observing the processes a few problems are identified.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether a L2 learner could correct or imitate structures of the language that they could not produce in written production defined by processability theori levels.The Informants had Arabic as their mother tongue. The study showed that the ability of correction developed slower than the capacity for imitation and the ability to written production. The ability of the correction developed by the duration of the stay. The result was a confirmation of theory formation in processability theory. Corrective elicitering could be developed into a useful diagnostic tool in the classroom and thus provide an education that followed a natural learning order according to processability theory by Pienemann.Keywords: processability theori, imitation, correction, written production.

Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion, OTEC, is a sustainable energy conversion technology that is not yet commercialized. OTEC is a technology that utilizes the temperature difference in oceans between the warm surface water and the cold water at 1 000 m depth to run a Rankine Cycle. This technology can produce electricity and provide synergies like fresh water, air conditioning and aquaculture. A simulation program for three alternative OTEC systems has been created in order to decide which OTEC system is most profitable; closed, open or hybrid system. In this simulation a production cost analysis is performed in order to investigate and decide which one of the three systems that has the lowest production cost. The production cost analysis also analyzes if the profitability is affected by the size of the facility. After these analyzes, the most profitable of the three different OTEC-systems is expanded by an installation of solar collectors in order to see if the thermal efficiency is improved. The result shows that the most profitable system varies with the size of the facility.

District heating covers most of the residential areas and industries in the twoneighbouring Swedish municipalities Nyköping and Oxelösund. In Nyköping,Vattenfall AB Värme produces heat in a bio-fuelled CHP plant. In Oxelösund,waste heat and use of waste gases from the steel production at SSABOxelösund is the basis in the district heating system.This report examines the environmental consequences of a connection betweenthe two district heating systems. A broad system approach is used and the focusis on environmental effects in the system.A system analysis has been performed on the result of simulations of differentheat and electricity production alternatives. The alternatives simulated wereone where Vattenfall Nyköping covers the base load in the joint district heatingsystem and two where the power plant at SSAB Oxelösund supplies the heatbase load.The conclusion in this report is that the consequences of connecting the twodistrict heating systems can be both positive and negative, depending onsystem boundaries and on the environmental focus.

The organic farmland is increasing all the time and the goal is that 15 % of the Swedish farmland will be in organic production in year 2010. The organic production needs new and more effective ways to control weeds, and there is the row harrowing coming as a good complement to the conventional weed harrowing. In this experiment is weed harrowing whit different row spaces and row harrowing with a spacing of 25 cm compared. Then are the weed picked and the weight taken of them. The yield is compared in the 7 different ways of treatment. The results is not showing any significant differences in yield even when the row spacing is 25 cm instead of 12,5 cm. Even the spring wheat that is a sensitive crop and has bad tillering is doing well in this experiment. Now with modern technology where the row harrow is controlled by a camera that making the row harrow to follow the rows is it the soil coverage of the crop that is the limit for the speed. With wide machinery is the very good coverage even with a row harrow..