Hemoglobin is built up from protein and heme groups which give the blood its red colour . Hemoglobin transports oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and other tissues in the body. Normally, a piglet has a hemoglobin value of 130-150 gram per liter blood, and the lower limit before anaemia appears is 80 grams per liter blood. The immune defense is also dependent upon the presence of iron in hemoglobin, since iron participates in different enzyme systems. When the piglet develops anaemia, it becomes pale and thicker around the neck.

This thesis work has been performed at the Division of Assembly Technology at Linköping University for a period of ten weeks. The work is part of the project ProFlexA, which is a research project in collaboration between Linköping University, Lund University, and industrial partners such as Combi Wear Parts and Smålands Stålgjuteri AB.The casting process creates random incurred burrs and defects, which must be removed during a cleaning process to make sure that the cast can be sold. Automation has long been sought for the cleaning of castings due to, among other things, poor working conditions for staff, but this has proved difficult to implement with today's technology. Automation has for some time been available for more capital strong companies with large annual volumes, but for smaller companies with small-and medium-sized volumes, automation has not been an option.The goal of ProFlexA is to develop an automated cleaning cell aimed at small-and medium-sized volumes.The goal of the thesis is to do a pre study at ProFlexA?s partners on cleaning of castings, and develop concepts for automated cleaning of castings.By recording the process and cycle times, the cleaning of castings has been documented as it works today, and on this basis, information and statistics has been compiled.

I takt med ökande mjölkproduktion hos dagens mjölkkor ökar också energibehovet vilket ställer stora krav på utfodringen. En stor andel kraftfoder i foderstaten kan ge upphov till en pH-sänkning i vommen och subakut vomacidos (SARA) kan uppkomma. Syftet med den här litteraturstudien var att ge en översikt över vad SARA är, vilka orsakerna är, vilka följder det kan få med särskilt fokus på fång, samt hur man kan förebygga utvecklingen av SARA. Vid utfodring med en hög andel kraftfoder bildas stora mängder flyktiga fettsyror, VFA, som kan ge upphov till en pH-sänkning om bildandet av VFA överstiger absorptionen från vommen, och SARA kan därigenom uppkomma. Vid utfodring med en högre andel kraftfoder anpassas vommens slemhinna och blir större och får därmed en större absorptiv förmåga. Vid ett snabbt byte går denna anpassning dock inte alltid tillräckligt snabbt vilket kan ge upphov till att pH sänks. Även vommens mikroflora förändras vid utfodring med en större andel kraftfoder. I samband med SARA kan olika kliniska symptom ses.

High quality within a Lean production system begins with standardised work, which creates stable processes able to generate predictable output. If nonconformity from the standard procedures occurs, routines are needed to analyse, correct and prevent the nonconformity from occurring again. In that way, the nonconformity can be a trigger for continuous improvements toward more stable processes. In takted production lines, where the operator follows a standard sequence with tasks set to be completed within the takt time, a nonconformity leads to downtime in the operator?s sequence, and no value is added.

Bakgrund: Enligt Statens Folkhälsoinstitut, i barnmorskors guide för samtal om alkohol, redogörs för hur barnmorskor skall informera alkoholens skadliga effekter samt vilka eventuella skador alkoholen kan ge fostret. Tidigare forskning visar att det inte är ovanligt att kvinnor dricker alkohol fram tills att de blir medvetna om sin graviditet, därefter avstår det stora flertalet helt från alkohol under fortsatt graviditet. Vetskapen för den gravida kvinnan om att hon intagit alkohol innan hon var medveten om sin graviditet kan orsaka oro att barnet blivit skadat. Syfte: Syfte med studien var att beskriva barnmorskors professionella handläggning kring alkoholinformation under graviditet. Metod: Studien bygger på fem semistrukturerade intervjuer med barnmorskor som arbetar inom mödravården.

A zoonosis is a disease or infection that is naturally transmitted between vertebrate animals and humans. The majority of infectious diseases that affect humans are zoonoses. Environments where wild animals, domestic animals and humans live in close proximity with no or small boundaries in the ecological system favor the transmission of diseases between animals and humans. The above described situation is more common in low income countries, where humans and animals live in high density and zoonoses are generally more common. The study was conducted in Cambodia.

High quality within a Lean production system begins with standardised work, which creates stable processes able to generate predictable output. If nonconformity from the standard procedures occurs, routines are needed to analyse, correct and prevent the nonconformity from occurring again. In that way, the nonconformity can be a trigger for continuous improvements toward more stable processes. In takted production lines, where the operator follows a standard sequence with tasks set to be completed within the takt time, a nonconformity leads to downtime in the operator?s sequence, and no value is added.

The situation of officials of public and governmental organizations have been recognized as increasingly risky, in which the influences of both threats and violence have become an issue that administrators have to manage. Experiences of feeling threatened in their workplace or in their professional lives has been marked by an increased number of reported cases in the work environment authority. Common to the problems faced by many agencies and important associations that dealt with its often derive personal and sensitive issues. The purpose of this study is to highlight how veterinarians and animal welfare inspectors on the counties of Blekinge, Kronoberg and Kalmar experience the interaction of regulatory and prohibition cases. Länsstyrelsen is the one that can decide what is to happen to an animal that has been kept under bad conditions.

The situation of officials of public and governmental organizations have been recognized as increasingly risky, in which the influences of both threats and violence have become an issue that administrators have to manage. Experiences of feeling threatened in their workplace or in their professional lives has been marked by an increased number of reported cases in the work environment authority. Common to the problems faced by many agencies and important associations that dealt with its often derive personal and sensitive issues. The purpose of this study is to highlight how veterinarians and animal welfare inspectors on the counties of Blekinge, Kronoberg and Kalmar experience the interaction of regulatory and prohibition cases. Länsstyrelsen is the one that can decide what is to happen to an animal that has been kept under bad conditions.

High quality within a Lean production system begins with standardised work, which creates stable processes able to generate predictable output. If nonconformity from the standard procedures occurs, routines are needed to analyse, correct and prevent the nonconformity from occurring again. In that way, the nonconformity can be a trigger for continuous improvements toward more stable processes. In takted production lines, where the operator follows a standard sequence with tasks set to be completed within the takt time, a nonconformity leads to downtime in the operator?s sequence, and no value is added.

One of the distinguishing features of successful societies is the ability to adapt to change, bothsocial but also natural changes like climate change. Climate change is a complex, dynamic,non-linear process with a great deal of uncertainty concerning the time perspective, risks andconsequences. A combination of factors like climate change, geographical vulnerability, adensely populated and highly built up coast line along with factors like deficient handling ofsurface runoff and a large usage of ground water leads to an increasingly vulnerable society. Italso puts a greater pressure on the society to have preventive measures in place.The number of actors working with preparing society to the expected impacts of climatechange and variability is increasing. However more than half of Sweden?s municipalities donot consider changing climatic conditions when planning, and many times even allow theconstruction of new living areas in known climatically vulnerable areas.

Företag kan använda sig av olika strategier för underhåll. Det kan vara avhjälpande underhåll som utförs först när ett fel uppkommer eller förebyggande underhåll. Ofta används en kombination av båda. Det förebyggande underhållet kan vara förutbestämt eller tillståndsbaserat. Fördelar med att använda sig av tillståndsbaserat underhåll är exempelvis att utbyte av enheter inte behöver ske i onödan utan först när en observation visar att ett fel är på väg att ske.