The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the degree of influence of holes in the web of steel beams with long spanson weakening of their bearing capacity. Making holes in the web of the beam generally reduces the bearing capacity of the beam. However, it might be necessary seen from both an architectural perspective as well as from a building services perspective by creating an opportunity for building installations.The objective of this thesis is to examine how much an I-beam can be weakened without sacrificing safety and functionality. The investigation has been done by using Finite Element Method through commercial software.The regulation for structural design of building structures in Sweden used to be specified in the document known as BKR. But this was replaced by the European norm Eurocode back in May 2011.

The purpose of this study was to examine if there are common factors that lead to young people committing crimes according to professionals in social work, crime prevention and the police. The study also aims to examine if juveniles in Swedish suburbs commit more crimes, the consequences that follows and what actions socialworkers have for these juveniles. The study was conducted through qualitative interviews of five professionals in the area who were contacted from different units. In the analysis Goffmans (1971) theory of stigma was used and Goldberg's (2005) Conspiracy Theory. Some of the conclusions that could be drawn from the study was that there is not only one factor influencing young people to delinquency, but often combinations of different factors that lead to this.

On the 8th of May 2007 a local power-sharing goverment consisting of Sinn Fein and the Democratic Unionist Party (DUP) was formed in Northern Ireland. The aim of this dissertation is to explore why the DUP, who in the past have opposed all forms of power-sharing decided to form a goverment and take active part in a power-sharing agreement. The study is based on a consociational theoretical framework developed by Arend Lijphart and further developed in a Northern Irish context by John McGarry and Brendan O'Leary. Using this theory the study seeks to understand the broad conditions surrounding the DUP's power-sharing. After a description of consociational theory and the road leading up to the Belfast Agreement,three possible explanations for power-sharing, based onconsociational theory are discussed.

Malnutrition är vanligt förekommande hos personer med demenssjukdomar och för denna utsatta grupp är det av vikt att fokusera på nutrition och omvårdnadsåtgärder. Syftet med ddenna litteraturstudie är att belysa malnutrition och riskfaktorer ho dementa personer samt beskriva vad sjuksköterskan bör vara uppmärksam på i sitt arbete för att förebygga malnutrition och hur bättre nutritionsstatus kan uppnås. Metoden i arbetet är en litteraturstudie i vilken 9 kvantitativa artiklar och 1 kantitativ/kvalitativ studie granskats ur ett vetenskapligt perspektiv. Resultatet presenteras utifrån tre huvudområden: nutritionsproblem och tillhörande faktorer,utbildning samt interventioner. Tillsammans visar de på förekomst av malnutrition och att det via utbildning och åtgärder går att påverka nutritionsstatus hos dementa personer.

The purpose of this report is to examine various roof structures that can operate in a warehouse with large spans. The building that is examined in the report is currently under construction, and the roof construction has already been selected. The selected roof system will therefore be compared with some other structures and materials that have been possible. The report will evaluate three different frame materials, two insulating barriers and two overlaying materials. Another important part in major construction projects is the roof safety.

The first vampire film I ever saw was Interview with a vampire. ?I haven?t been human for two hundred years?, opened up not only the film, but a whole new world I knew nothing about. The world, as it were, opened its doors to me again after I had seen the film adaption of Stephenie Meyers Twilight. I decided to write down a few thoughts, capture my frame of mind, and these paragraphs then turned into a text: ?I tankarnas skal?.              When I did research for this essay I discovered that my text held certain similarities with the modern vampire novel.

Postoperativa lungkomplikationer är ett stort problem inom sjukvården. Det ökar mortaliteten och skapar onödigt lidande för patienterna samt ökar kostnaderna för sjukvården då patienterna ligger inne längre tid. Syftet med denna studie var att genom en litteraturöversikt beskriva vilka faktorer som kan leda till ökad risk att drabbas av postoperativa lungkomplikationer, samt effekter av att använda omvårdnadsinterventioner för att förebygga dessa. Förebyggande av allmänna postoperativa komplikationer inkluderades inte i studien. Resultatet består av 22 artiklar som valdes ut genom litteratursökningar och sedan kvalitetsgranskades och analyserades med hjälp av matriser.

Purpose: To examine how a tour operator works to implement sustainability in the development of the business, as well as what significance it has to consumers in selecting a tour operator. Furthermore, the purpose is to provide recommendations on how tour operators should work to communicate their commitments.Methodology: The research strategy applied is a case study which follows an abductive approach. Qualitative and quantitative methods were applied to complement each other. A semi-structured interview with a tour operator and a consumer survey constitute the empirical foundation.Conclusion: The conclusion of the study is that consumers show a positive attitude towards CSR, but do not see it as a determinant when choosing a tour operator. Thus, CSR does not constitute a competitive advantage against competitors.

The aim of the study was, through qualitative interviews with school counsellors in Swedish primary schools, to study what the counsellors are experiencing condition their ability to work proactively according to the Swedish Education Act provisions on student health. During the study, six interviews with school counsellors who worked in the same suburbs, was conducted. The theoretical approach that was used is Michael Lipsky's theory of street-level bureaucrats and the term discretion. The overall outcome of the study was that the interviewed school counsellors felt that they did not have good opportunities to work preventively as the Education Act requires. The main reason for this was the school counsellor?s heavy workload.

The work examines geographical variations of bicycle use in Trondheim municipality with the aim to create an understanding of what influences the use of bicycles and explain the geographical travel pattern for cycling. The work focuses on the how physical structures generates different transports effects. Where bicycle travels in Trondheim municipality are undertaken is described by using network analysis in ArcGIS, based on aggregated data from the travel habit survey (RVU) in 2009/2010. Trondheim municipality is divided into smaller geographical units (zoner) whose characteristics are described by 19 variables, categorized into 6 groups; Distance, Land use, Topography, Bicycle Facilities, Road characteristics and Demographic factors.By linear regression analysis in SPSS and ArcGIS Spatial Analyst, an explanatory model is elaborated. The variablesdistance to the regional center, workplace density, percentage separate bike paths and hilly terrain explains 78 percent of where cycle journeys are undertaken.

The aim of this essay is to examine three separate Swedish public libraries and their respective websites on the grounds of the usability sciences. I firstly had to summarize the main properties of the usability-field in order to gain an extended knowledge of its purposes and possible usage for today?s library systems. I was then able to apply the extended knowledge in the examination of the three library websites and the purpose of determining whether or not they were designed according to the standards set by the usability-sciences.Usability is a rather new science that deals with the dissection and examination of computer-based systems, in order to find the key components that make systems user-friendlier. With user needs being the main focus of its research, usability tries to meet all the different needs of the modern user and construct systems that are less system-centered and more user-centered.

Vårdenheter i dagens sjukvård arbetar ofta och återkommande i överbeläggningssituationer. Detta kan innebära konsekvenser för patientsäkerheten. En litteraturstudie gjordes med granskning av 9 artiklar med syftet att belysa konsekvenser för patienter vid överbeläggningar inom somatisk slutenvård. Som största konsekvenser för patienter vid överbeläggningar identifierades brister i överrapporteringssituationer av patienternas fortsatta vård och konsekvenser av utlokalisering av patienter. För vårdpersonalen innebär utlokaliserade patienter ökade belastningar på flera nivåer, framförallt på grund av skillnader i kompetens och otillräckliga erfarenheter för att kunna tillgodose patienters omvårdnadsbehov.

Platelets are small fragments, but they are of crucial importance for the coagulation. The risk of spontaneous bleeding increases when the level of platelets falls below a thrombocyte particle concentration threshold value of 50 x 109/L. In those cases a platelet transfusion might be compulsory. Ongoing research tries to improve the quality of the platelets and to increase the safety of the method used. However, we still need to better understand which factors that affect how patients react upon platelet transfusion.

Bakgrund: Den vanligaste cancerformen hos kvinnor i Sverige är bröstcancer. Varje dag insjuknar 15 ? 20 kvinnor. För bröstcancer finns olika behandlingsprinciper: Kirurgi, strålbehandling, hormonell- samt cytostatikabehandling. Bröstcancerbehandling för kvinnor innebär såväl fysiska och psykiska svårigheter som resulterar i en förändrad kroppsuppfattning.

The purpose of this study was to describe and analyse a group of young adults? childhood experiences of the intervention "contact family". The used methods were qualitative interviews and a standardised formulary with life questions, to strengthen the interviews and to compare data. The theoretical frame was taken from Bronfenbrenner?s child development theory and Antonovsky?s salutogenic perspective, which we supplemented with Hilchen Sommerschild?s theory about the "conditions of control".