Mechanical harvesting may result in timber damages leading to reduced saw log quality. The initiator of this study was VIDA ? a privately owned concern operating in the value-adding process industry of forest raw materials. The aim of this study was to examine the type and amount of damages on Alvestakubb caused by the harvester head during the cutting process. The aim was also to compare the damages caused by different types of feed rollers and to evaluate the effects of temperature on damage occurrence.

Sverige har idag en av världens äldsta befolkning och antalet äldre över 65 år beräknas att stiga. Detta innebär att fallolyckor i de äldres hemmiljö inomhus kommer att öka och detta bidrar enligt tidigare studier till ökade sjukvårdskostnader och minskad självständig aktivitet och delaktighet. En av arbetsterapeutens arbetsuppgifter är att arbeta förebyggande för att minska denna problematik. Studiens syfte var att undersöka hur detta förebyggande arbete utfördes av arbetsterapeuter för att minska fallrisken i de äldres hemmiljö inomhus, framförallt avseende miljöåtgärder. Datainsamlingen gjordes med hjälp av enkät på 41 yrkesverksamma arbetsterapeuter i sex skånska kommuner.

Hygien är en viktig del av sjukhusvård och det finns många utarbetade rutiner och föreskrifter. Då det tekniska kunnandet ökar, ges möjligheter till fler och mer avancerade kirurgiska ingrepp och när krav ställs på kostnadseffektivitet, ökar risken för vårdrelaterade infektioner. Att kunna förebygga och förhindra smittspridning på en operationsenhet är därför av största vikt. Studiens syfte var att undersöka faktorer som kan minska postoperativa infektioner inom operations-sjukvård. Metoden har varit litteraturstudier och baseras på 20 vetenskapliga artiklar.

AbstractThe purpose of this study is to illuminate if the preventive practices and the identification of early signals about reading and writing difficulties is different between two Norwegian and two Swedish teachers' work in preschool. Research questions focused on the differences as well as similarities between Swedish and Norwegian educators working preventively current literacy in preschool, and their efforts when they identify signals to reading and writing difficulties.The study has been conducted through interviews with four female teachers, two who work  in Norway and two in Sweden.Swedish and Norwegian teachers work preventively on reading and writing, analysis resulted in three categories; books in text and pictures, words and rhyming chants and songs. No differences between Norwegian and Swedish pedagogues? prevention methods could be identified, however Norwegian teachers put more focus on rhythm and rhythmic pat exercises than the Swedish educators.The conclusions are that the Norwegian teachers mention more preventative approaches and early intervention for children with suspected dyslexia, than the Swedish teachers in the study makes. The Norwegian teachers also seem to have access to more expertise in connection with suspected dyslexia, compared to the Swedish teachers.

Introduktion/Bakgrund: Obstipationsproblematiken på särskilda boenden är utbredd ochförskrivandet av laxantia är stort. Obstipation kan leda till ett lidande hos den som ärdrabbad. Det är viktigt att sjuksköterskan identifierar och arbetar förebyggande till de somligger i riskzonen. Syfte: Belysa icke- farmakologiska omvårdnadsåtgärder för att förebyggaobstipation hos äldre på särskilt boende. Metod: Arbetet är en litteraturöversikt där trettonvetenskapliga artiklar ingår i resultatet.

The purpose of this study is to gain a deeper understanding of women's violence against men in intimate relationships, get an idea of ??what forms of expression that this type of violence has and to highlight the men's experiences of violence.There is little scientific research in the field in Sweden. Crime Prevention Council has determined that eight percent of all complaints involving domestic violence in 2010, reported by men over 18 years. You can only speculate on how large number of unreported cases is among abused men. The international studies highlight that the abused men feel ashamed of having been subjected to violence by a female partner.I have been based this essay on two theoretical premises, Per Isdal theory of "violence perspective" and Elaine Bergqvist's definition of the suppression technique.The study was conducted through a qualitative content analysis.

Hjärt-kärlsjukdom är idag en av de största folksjukdomarna i Sverige med högst mortalitet till följd. Flera studier visar att uppföljning av patienter, informationsbehov och stöd till patienter efter utskrivning från sjukhusen till primärvården är otillfredsställande. Det finns endast ett fåtal studier som visar på patienternas egna upplevelser av att leva med hjärtinfarkt. För att kunna förbättra vården till dessa patienter är det viktigt att ta del av patienternas egna upplevelser av att leva med en hjärtsjukdom. Syftet med studien är att beskriva patienters upplevelser av att leva med hjärtsjukdom ur ett patient- och livsvärldsperspektiv. Metoden i studien är kvalitativ intervju.

Peat litter has been used in animal houses for a long time. Because of its good ability to absorb liquid and nutrients from the manure it can create a dry surface for animals and a valuable manure product. Through changes in agricultural practises the use of peat litter has diminished and is to a great extent replaced by straw, sawdust and cutter shavings although Sweden is rich in peat-findings. The aim of this work was to summarize the presented knowledge about the used of peat litter, techniques, advantages and disadvantages and to compare with other commonly used litter materials. Articles on peat litter have been searched for in magazines, databases and books at SLU library. Visits to peat industries, interviews with peat producers and with peat researchers contributed to the material. Peat is not a uniformly material.

Bakgrund: Antalet personer som lever med hiv ökar såväl i Sverige som globalt. Hiv är en sjukdom som associeras med ett socialt oacceptabelt beteende och är brett stigmatiserad. Hiv-relaterat stigma och diskriminering är påtagligt i hela världen och skapar hinder för prevention, god vård, behandling och stöd. Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats var att undersöka hiv-positivas upplevelser av stigma och stigmatisering inom sjukvården. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på åtta kvalitativa och tre kvantitativa studier utfördes.

Background: Research on presenteeism has been performed mainly during the last 15 years, where several consequences on health such as cardiovascular disease and mortality have been identified. Studies have shown a relation between sickness absenteeism and presenteeism, where presenteeism could lead to long-term sickness absence. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate work-related and personal causes of sickness presenteeism. The study also aimed to identify the overall prevalence of sickness presence in Scandinavia, including potential occupational sectors with higher prevalence. Method: The study was literature based and consisted of 15 peer-reviewed scientific articles that were found by a systematic search in PubMed and Scopus.

Many social services cases have been reviewed in the media during the last years. One of those cases is ?Lasse and Karin?, handled by the Social Services in Oskarshamn in 2002. Lasse and Karin had their son taken into custody by the Social Services and the case was reviewed in national media. Through this case the Social Services received much attention, of which most was negative, and their handling of the case was greatly criticized.

The recent development in society?s structure has given rise to a more complex reality for the Swedishbanks. There is an increased pressure from external stakeholders for the banks to take a greater socialresponsibility in society; the bank must therefore focus on both direct as well as indirect effects of itsactions. The term corporate social responsibility implies that the company does not only focus on itsfinancial status but also on values such as ethics and environment. These commitments are crystalized,more or less clearly, in the banks? lending policy?s, whom are entirely defined by the banksthemselves.The nature of the abstract CSR expression gives rise to uncertainty, both in regards to the banks ownefforts towards social responsibility but also for the external stakeholders, for which it can be quitedifficult to understand what commitments are actually made.This study aims to investigate how the Swedish banks public statements, with regards to their lendingpolicy, correlates with the actual actions carried out by the banks.

This study is based on interviews with four managers in public elderly care and four managers in private elderly care. The aim of this paper is to examine how these managers are experiencing their leadership in relation to conflict management, and if the managers leadership differs depending on private or public elderly care. Leadership and conflict management are theories that have been used in order to analyze the empirical findings. Previous research that has been used in the study concerns ?leadership/leadership styles?, ?conflict management?, ?to be active in the private/public elderly care?.

This thesis examines a possible control strategy to minimize flow fluctuations in Uppsala?s district heating system. High variations in flow rate may lead to complications caused by hydraulic constraints in the district heating system. These complications, such as inadequate pressure and temperature levels, increase the risk of heat delivery failures. It is therefore important to avoid such situations both for the producer and for the customers.Typically, the forward temperature is controlled by using a rough correlation with respect to the outdoor temperature.

Osteoporos är ett ökande hälsoproblem runt om i världen, vilket bör förebyggas, där en av tre kvinnor och en av tolv män över 50 år drabbas. I Sverige drabbas varje år cirka 70 000 personer av osteoporosrelaterad fraktur. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att genom en integrerad kunskapsöversikt beskriva den omvårdnad som riktar sig till patienter med osteoporos. Litteratursökningen skedde i två databaser med fokus att besvara frågeställningar om vilka omvårdnadsinterventioner som finns beskrivna, vilka kunskaper har sjuksköterskor och patienter om osteoporos samt vilken betydelse har kunskap om osteoporos i relation till människors sätt att engagera sig i sin hälsa. Litteratursökningen resulterade i 27 studier som analyserades med stöd av en matrismetod för systematiska kunskapsöversikter.