Sjuknärvaro i Skandinavien
Background: Research on presenteeism has been performed mainly during the last 15 years, where several consequences on health such as cardiovascular disease and mortality have been identified. Studies have shown a relation between sickness absenteeism and presenteeism, where presenteeism could lead to long-term sickness absence. Aim: The aim of the present study was to investigate work-related and personal causes of sickness presenteeism. The study also aimed to identify the overall prevalence of sickness presence in Scandinavia, including potential occupational sectors with higher prevalence. Method: The study was literature based and consisted of 15 peer-reviewed scientific articles that were found by a systematic search in PubMed and Scopus. The findings were categorized into identified themes that could be related to the aim of the study. Results: Work-related and individual factors were identified as significantly associated with presenteeism. Time pressure, stress at work and low replaceability were the most commonly reported causes of sickness presenteeism. Sickness behaviors linked to attitudes and support from colleagues was also frequently reported. Occupational groups who reported the highest levels of sickness presence were to be found in the care and welfare and education sectors. Discussion/Conclusion: Employers in the care and education sectors should get knowledge by education (eg, included in managerial training) about both work-related factors that cause sickness presence and the health risks that are linked to sickness presenteeism.