Bakgrund: Skador inom fotbollen är ett stort problem både fysiskt, psykiskt och ekonomiskt för samtliga involverade.Syfte: Att undersöka eventuella skadeförebyggande effekter av FIFA:s preventionsprogram The 11+ hos manliga fotbollspelare. Studien har fokuserat på skador i nedre extremitet (fot, underben, knä, lår, ljumske och höft).Material & Metod: Randomiserad kontrollerad studie. Fyra fotbollslag i Södertälje kommun följdes under försäsongen 2013 (januari-april). 103 manliga fotbollspelare mellan 18-42 år deltog i studien (47 spelare i interventionsgruppen och 56 i kontrollgruppen).Resultat: Interventionsgruppen som genomförde The 11+ upp till två gånger i veckan hade signifikant färre skador i nedre extremitet jämfört med kontrollgruppen.Konklussion: The 11+ är effektivt för att förebygga skador bland manliga fotbollspelare..

Skador i idrottssammanhang är en av de mest förekommande anledningarna för uppsökande av akutsjukvård. Knä- och fotledsskador är de två vanligaste idrottsskadorna. Att behandla idrottsskador är ofta kostsamt och tidskrävande. En längre tids bortavaro från idrott är en stor psykosocial faktor och för en professionell idrottsutövare kan det resultera i sämre lön och påverka en framtida karriär. Det förekommer en hel del olika preventiva åtgärder för att förebygga skador, exempelvis träning, tejpning och ortoser.

Bakgrund: Ett trycksår orsakar fysiskt, mentalt, emotionellt och socialt lidande för patienten. Även behandlingar som patienten behöver vara med om innefattar ett lidande och en rädsla för den smärta de upplever vid dessa. En rädsla för att såret inte ska läka och att få infektioner eller behöva amputera. Sjuksköterskan har en viktig uppgift vad gäller förebyggande åtgärder vid risk för trycksår, att ge en god omvårdnad och behandling. Detta trots att patienten upplever smärta vid omläggningen av såret.Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva hur patienter som lever med svårläkta trycksår upplever sin situation och att kategorisera upplevelserna utifrån WHOQOL-instrumentets fyra dimensioner av livskvalitet.Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på nio kvalitativa artiklar som kategoriserats utifrån WHOQOL-BREF:s fyra kategorier som referensram.Resultat: Patienter som lever med svårläkta trycksår upplever att deras liv påverkas på grund av fysiska, psykiska, sociala och miljörelaterade faktorer som smärta, oro/ångest, minskad social kontakt och att vara beroende av vården.Slutsats: Patienternas livskvalitet påverkas både fysiskt av att ha ett sår vilket gav konsekvenser för det psykiska välmåendet och den sociala kontakten.

The purpose of this trial was to evaluate the possibility to use sampling of faeces, urine and plasma, and measurements of blood pressure as methods of discovering hypomagnesemia in horses, as well as the application handiness of these methods. The most commonly used method of checking the magnesium status of a horse is to analyze samples of serum or plasma. The trial was of a switch-back design, in which the horses were used as their own controls. The animal material was five Swedish warm blooded trotters between six to ten years old, and weighing between 485-620 kg. The trial consisted of three periods that were two months each.

Specialiteten intensivvård utvecklades på 1950-talet, ända sedan dess har det varit känt att vissa av patinterna utvecklar akut förvirring eller psykiska störningar som senare kom att benämnas IVA syndromet. IVA syndromet orsakas av en process som startar vid insjuknandet/olyckan och beror på ett samspel mellan en psykologisk process, kemisk påverkan och den miljöstress som uppkommer av intensivvårdsmiljön som patienten vårdas i. IVA Syndromet orsakar ökad morbiditet och mortalitet. Syftet med arbetet är att beskriva omvårdnadsproblem och vilka åtgärder sjuksköterskan kan vidta för att förebygga utvecklandet av IVA syndromet. Undersökningen har utförts som en litteraturstudie.

Abomasal ulcer in adult cattle from abattoir. Abomasa from 291 cattle over 12 months of age slaughtered at Swedish meats in Uppsala during September 2003 were examined. Abomasal lesions were assessed macroscopically. Of the examined abomasa 108 (37.1 %) had lesions such as erosions and/or ulcers. Of these, 75.9 % had erosions, 13.0 % had ulcus and 11,1 % had both ulcers and erosions. The erosions were generally smaller than the ulcerations (90,7 % of the erosions were < 10 mm while 75,6 % of the ulcerations were > 10 mm).

In the 1980?s the moose population in Sweden grew explosively due to big changes in the silviculture with clear cuttings instead of single-tree selection. Clear cuttings brought big areas of young forest and therefore a lot of fodder in one place. Since this change, the discussion about how to manage the moose population has grown into a very big problem. Forest owners think that the population needs to be strongly reduced because of all the damage that is done to the young forest when the moose seeks its food, and the economic losses because of that.

The purpose of the literature study was to describe older people´s difficulties and attitudes to take several drugs. Literature has been sought in two large databases and included literature is selected, quality assessed and analyzed, based on the study purpose and questions. The authors conducted a descriptive literature review of qualitative and quantitative articles. Difficulties to access different types of pharmaceutical packaging, or to remember when to take their medicines are difficulties the elderly encounter. Cultural and socioeconomic differences become apparent.

How do the police prevention methods work against juvenile delinquency? The purpose of this study is to see how the police work to prevent juvenile delinquency in two municipalities in Stockholm, Södertälje and Sundbyberg. Additionally, the purpose of this study is also to find out if there are any similarities or differences between the police methods the police use in these two municipalities. We have used qualitative method in which we have interviewed the police and young people from the communities. We interviewed young people to see their attitudes to the police and the area to find their perception of police work in the fields as well as the police forces attitude toward the young people.

The European Brown bear (Ursus arctos) has gone from basically being extinct in Sweden to, 2008 being estimated to a total of 3298 individuals. When looking at the new Swedish moose management system it is important to have an ecosystem-based approach and therefore include all the parts that moose impacts on and from in the management, especially the brown bear. Primarily in the spring and early summer the brown bear is a significant predator on moose calfs which must be taken into account in moose management. When the bear recolonize areas that it has previously been eradicated from, it will once again come in contact with people who are not accustomed to the bear's role in the ecosystem. We studied three groups of moose management areas with different predation by bears.

The purpose of this thesis was to determine the tv-show Efterlyst?s (Wanted)effects on viewers when it comes to how crime, criminals and victims are portrayed in the show. In order to achieve the purpose of our the study, both  quantitative and  qualitative approaches were used We compared the image Efterlyst gives of crime, criminals and victims to statistical information from The Swedish National Council for Crime Prevention and The Central Bureau of Statistiscs. By using focus-groups we also studied how Efterlyst portrays, in the season of 2009, and how it may have affected its viewers. Our conclusion was that there are important differences between how Efterlyst portrays crime and the image of crime the statistics gives.

The aim of this study is to through six interviews, with six experienced, social workers?, in three cities, understand how the child?s position in the Swedish child protective services? enquiries has change, and the factors behind it. The aim is also to compare if the social workers? view of the child?s position in the enquire has change accordingly to Socialstyrelsens intentions of BBIC. The theoretical approaches that was used is the new institutionalism, the Shier?s pathways to participation and the term discretion.

These days, schools are obliged by the law to prepare an annual plan for the prevention of bullying and degrading treatment. The purpose of my work is to investigate the 2 schools efforts to prevent bullying and abuse and how they live up to legal standards. But I have also examined how students in school are experiencing anti-bullying work in their school. I have also examined how much funding schools put on to prevent bullying I school. In this study, I have done interviews with school principals and students to have a clear picture about the school?s anti-bullying work.

Test bench for air bearingsThis thesis work consisted of bringing forward and defining the test parameters relevant for a test bench and constructing a test bench that can test and verify the largest existing air bearings that are of use in Micronic Laser Systems AB machines. Because the knowledge about air bearings is limited it is thought that with the help of the test bench the knowledge would increase and in that way improve the air bearings.After learning more about air bearings and their purpose at Micronic Laser Systems AB, I started the concept phase for the test bench. For each part in the test bench I consulted my two tutors, Torbjörn Hedevärn and Johan Bergqvist, at Micronic Laser Systems AB. The final concepts where documented as 3D-modells in Solidworks and some of them have been tested in Solidworks FEM-program.The test bench is designed so that, with the help of a pneumatic cylinder, 25 kilo weights are placed on the air bearing to test its stiffness, damping and the pressure performance under its surface area. To test these parameters the test bench has to have a pressure meter, accelerometer and a microcator.

This report analyzes and examines a hypothesis for finding a method to optimize thelength of the delubrication process time based on a total charge weight. The work hasfocused on the holding time for delubrication and the total charge weight.An important step in the manufacturing chain of cutting tools is when the greenbodies undergo the sintering process. Today, the delubrication step has the sameprocess time independent of the total charge weight. An implementation of a methodto adjust the delubrication process time would give more consistent quality of thecutting tool´s internal characteristics but also reduce the time course of the sinteringprocess. In the present project two methods for this goal were tested, thedevelopment of an algorithm and a weight interval subdivision with associateddelubrication process times.During delubrication a pressure increase is observed due to the decomposition of thePEG in the powder mixture.