HIV är ett virus som leder till försvagat immunförsvar hos smittade personer. De smittade behöver gå på kontinuerliga kontroller och medicinjusteringar vilket innebär att en tät kontakt med hälso- och sjukvården skapas. Sjukdomen är förknippad med stigmatisering och frågeställningen som denna studie utgick ifrån var om sjuksköterskors bemötande mot personer med HIV/AIDS påverkas av stigmatiseringen. Syftet blev således att beskriva om stigmatiseringen av HIV/AIDS-smittade personer påverkar bemötandet från sjuksköterskor gentemot personer med HIV/AIDS i kontakten med vården, ur ett patientperspektiv. Metoden som användes var systematisk litteraturstudie.

BAKGRUND: Ungef?r 40 miljoner m?nniskor lever med HIV idag. Personer som drabbats av HIV kr?ver livsl?ng behandling f?r att viruset inte ska utvecklas till AIDS. Stigmatisering och diskriminering mot HIV-positiva personer ?r frekvent ute i samh?llet, men ?ven inom sjukv?rden.

Uganda and Tanzania are two countries severely affected by HIV/AIDS. Hence, there are a numbers of associations for PLHA there. In "Global transformations. Politics, economics and culture", Held, Mc Greew, Goldblatt and Perrton focuses None Governmental Organizations as important actors in the globalized world of today, with increased opportunities to influence and affect the politics. The aim of this paper is to investigate the opportunities for associations for PLHA in Tanzania and Uganda to affect in the national level of politics.

This paper deals with the question: "Why does the U.S. aid project to cambat HIV/AIDS in Africa, called PEPFAR, use a strategy that has been shown to be couterproductive?" The author uses an anthropological approach, based on theory of "aid as a gift" inspired by work of Mauss and Stirrat& Henkel. The study demonstrates that the interests that lie behind PEPFAR have had a greater influence on the choice of strategy than the declared goals. It is concluded that evaluations of development assistance should focus as much on the background interests of the givers as the declared objectives..

Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksköterskors kunskap och attityder gentemot patienter som lever med HIV eller AIDS samt beskriva eventuella skillnader i kunskap och attityder mellan yngre och äldre sjuksköterskor. Metod: Föreliggande empiriska studie hade en kvantitativ ansats med en beskrivande jämförande design. Urvalsmetoden var ett bekvämlighetsurval där totalt 63 sjuksköterskor deltog och enkäter skickades ut till nio avdelningar på tre olika sjukhus. Resultat: Majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna hade god kunskap om HIV och AIDS, positiva attityder samt en vilja att vårda denna patientgrupp. En del av sjuksköterskorna uttryckte dock en rädsla för att smittas av HIV, ett behov av mer utbildning och negativa attityder gentemot vissa specifika grupper med sjukdomen.

The aim of this study was to examine nurses knowledge and attitude towards HIV/AIDS patients over the world. A descriptive literature study has been made based on scientific articles from the databases PubMed and Cinahl. The authors have examined the sampling and the falling off of the articles. The result shows that the attitude towards HIV patients is different from one country to another. The attitude was affected by several of factors such as experience, fear, knowledge / education and the nurses attitude and willingness to care for these patients.

Bakgrund: I Sverige lever omkring 6200 personer med HIV/AIDS. HIV är ett virus som ger nedsatt immunförsvar. Obehandlad HIV leder slutligen till AIDS. HIV är en inokulationssmitta och är anmälningspliktig. Det finns bromsmediciner som återställer immunförsvarets funktion och patienter lever symptomfritt.

This paper set out to investigate how teachers of Swedish in Sweden implement the grammar objectives of the curriculum in their teaching, through interviewing six teachers. It has been important to compare their methods to modern research of grammar teaching and teaching in general. They have been asked a series of questions to answer whether or not they use grammar terminology as mediating tools, if they intergrate dialogue among students in grammar teaching and to what extent the teachers? knowledge of and attitude towards grammar influence their teaching methods. The results show that grammar is used as mediating tools primarily when it comes to feedback on pupils? texts, though not to a great extent; dialogue between pupils is rare when it comes to grammar teaching; and the teachers? grammar knowledge and attitude affect the teaching methods, primarily in the sense that seeing value in grammar knowledge increases the teacher?s desire to develop new methods for grammar teaching..

Introduktion: Patienter med HIV/AIDS upplever diskriminering och stigmatisering i sjukvården. Att mötas av diskriminering och stigmatisering påverkar livet för de smittade i form av att de upplever social isolering, depression och post traumatisk stress. Stigmatisering och attityder har ett samband. Sjuksköterskans attityder kan påverka patienten negativt i form av diskriminering och stigmatisering. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors attityder till patienter med HIV/AIDS och även att beskriva vad som orsakar dessa attityder.

The aim with this study was to investigate how a few teachers in Swedish, at upper secondary school, are using computers in their teaching, and what approach they have towards using computers in teaching. A qualitative study has been made to accive a result, on this matter, were five currently teaching teachers in Swedish, at different upper secondary schools, have been intervjued. The teachers answered questions concerning how and in what speciefic fields of study they use computers, the computer program and -tools they are using and what benefits and disadvantiges they see with computers in teaching. They also answered questions concerning the availability of computers at the schools which they are working. The study showed that the way teachers are using computers in their teaching, and the amount they are using them varied between the teachers; but all are using computers mainly with the purpose to write texts and to search for information. All teachers also had in common that they are using computers not as frequently and in a different way when grammar is concerned. It appered that the teachers were mainly positive to use computers in their teaching, even if some teachers acknowleadged more disadvantiges than the others.

Bakgrund: Kunskap om smittvägar och skyddsåtgärder kring HIV/AIDS är av stor vikt i arbetet för både sjuksköterskor och sjuksköterskestudenter. Förekomst av okunskap, stigma, diskriminering och missförstånd kring HIV/AIDS påverkar vården negativt. För att kunna ge adekvat vård och behandling med respekt till patienten krävs kunskap, varsamhet och omtanke. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka allmänsjuksköterskors och sjuksköterskestudenters kunskap och attityder omkring HIV/AIDS i högt utvecklade länder, samt att undersöka vilka faktorer som kan påverka kunskap och attityder. Metod: En allmän litteraturöversikt genomfördes genom litteratursökning i databaserna PubMed, Cinahl samt PsycInfo Elva vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades vilket resulterade i två huvudteman och tio underteman.

The aim of this thesis is to examine how the history of mathematics can be used in teaching and whether pupils? attitudes to mathematics can be affected by this. In order to do this a school project about the history of mathematics is planned, implemented and analysed.The following questions are addressed:? Why use the history of mathematics in teaching?? How can the history of mathematics be used in teaching?? Can a historical perspective in teaching affect pupils? views on mathematics?The school curriculum emphasizes the importance of history in teaching. Literature, scientific articles and government inquiries call attention to the positive effects of including a historical perspective in teaching.The school project, which underlies this thesis, is put to practice by 25 pupils in a mathematics science profile class.

The purpose of this thesis is to carry out a qualitative study of the perceptions of language teachers as to their role in the teaching of values and morals to pupils. Five language teachers have been interviewed about their perceptions of how values are taught and their role therein. The interviews serve to investigate the reality of teaching values to pupils in a Swedish secondary school and the work involved in this on-going process, this being with a view to having a better understanding of just how important a role the teaching of values plays in the daily working life of a teacher. Terms such as fundamental values and morals can be difficult to define as they are highly personal and can differ from person to person depending on one?s background, experiences and family circumstances, for example.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur personer med HIV/AIDS upplever diskriminering och stigmatisering. Stigmatisering innebär att nedvärdera en persons mänsklighet och värdighet. Diskriminering är handlingar till följd av stigmatisering och syftar till orättvis behandling där en människas underlägsenhet betonas. En kvalitativ innehållsanalys med manifest ansats användes för att analysera 18 kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar från olika länder. I resultatet framkom fyra kategorier som svarade mot valt syfte.

AbstractThe purpose with this examination is to contribute with knowledge about teaching in Swedish as second language from teachers? point of view and which materials the teachers? choose to use while teaching. To reach the purpose, I have formulated questions that I have tried to answer through a qualitative study. The questions are: How do teachers? describe their teaching in Swedish as second language? Which material do teachers? feel that they use while teaching and is there any difference in teaching at schools that has many pupils needing second language teaching compared to schools with fewer pupils who needs second language teaching?I have interviewed three teachers? in three different districts, who all work with second language teaching.