Under 1990-talet förändrades villkoren för de ideella organisationerna i Sverige. De tidigare generella bidragen ersattes med resultatinriktade bidrag och kontrakt, så kallat entreprenörskap. Den nya bidragspolitiken har medfört stora förändringar för de ideella organisationerna eftersom kommunen som ledande aktör har fått ett allt större inflytande på deras verksamheter. Vi har genom samtalsintervjuer med två ideella organisationer på entreprenad och en ansvarig kommuntjänsteman undersökt den förändrade relationen mellan kommunen och organisationerna. I vår analys har vi även använt oss av de kontrakt som reglerar samarbetet i den offentliga upphandlingen.

I denna studie undersöker vi hur två utrikespolitiska aktörer, USA och EU, i tre empiriska fall tolkat element ur folkrätten. Vi låter två diskurser som bottnar i FN-stadgans rättighet till självförsvar samt en nyare norm som berör statens ansvar att skydda sina medborgare belysa hur aktörerna förhållit sig till folkrätten.Genom en kvalitativ textanalys av aktörernas folkrättsliga beteende i dessa fall visar vi att båda aktörerna söker att förankra sitt utrikespolitiska agerande i folkrättsliga termer. Vidare visar vi att folkrätten är ett tänjbart begrepp för aktörerna, framför allt för USA.Med hjälp av en teori om att det internationella systemet i första hand är strukturerat av folkrätt förklarar vi det båda aktörerna säger folkrättsligt, medan det de faktiskt gör måste förklaras med hjälp av andra teorier inom internationell politik..

Sexuella rättigheter är ett nytt område som yrkar på ett erkännande som mänskliga rättigheter. Genom uppsatsen utforskar jag hur dess rättighetsanspråk har förts fram i den akademiska debatten.Premissen för uppsatsen är klyftan mellan rättigheter i teori och praktik som enligt vissa författare beror på att mänskliga rättigheters politiska diskurs osynliggörs. Jag har analyserat vad den politiska diskursen inrymmer och innebäri förhållande till sexuella rättigheter. Därmed vill jag bidra med en kritisk inblick i utmaningarna, motsättningarna och möjligheterna i konstruktionen av sexuella rättigheter. Jag ämnar även argumentera för att rättigheters politiska diskurs belyser sociala och ekonomiska kontexter som i sin tur påverkar hur sexuella rättigheter framställs inom den internationella arenan..

The purpose of this paper is to examine how LKAB are portrayed in the newspaper Dagens Nyheter (DN). The methods that were used were: Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) combined with Critical Linguistic Analysis. These were used since they help to reveal the structures and unconscious meaning and power of word. It gives the tools to see how authority, power and meaning of words are constructed during social practice of the way they are used. To complement the method the theories that?s used are discourse analysis since CDA is both a method and a theory.

The ambition to use evidence based treatments has spread within the field of Swedish social work. The number of treatments with claim to being evidence based has grown but the research concerning implementation; the procedures being used to introduce new methods in organizations and assure that the method is being used appropriately and continuously, is scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the implementation of Functional Family Therapy (FFT), being an evidence based treatment, in an organization providing social services in the public sector, in Sweden. We used a qualitative research design and conducted interviews with persons involved in the implementation of FFT in the social services in a town in the south of Sweden. We used the practice guidelines provided in Evidence Based Practice (EBP) together with recently published meta- analyses of implementation research, in the field of social work, to examine the implementation of FFT, as being an evidence based treatment.

The main aim of this thesis is to introduce a normative perspective to surveillance studies. I examine how the use of videocameras or CCTV-systems can create a social sorting and, then, try to answer why it ought to be reconstructed based on a normative study.For the empirical analysis I use Foucaults theory about the panopticon, maintained by the psychological subjection of the common citizen in the modern world, together with Lianos theory of a more socio-cultural surveillance in the post-modern world. The empirical examination is, furthermore, guided by a theory that describes the construction of the stranger, which today, is not explicitly excluded, because everyone is a stranger in some way, but rather depicted as the other due to institutionalization.The post-modern society today can no longer be built upon a common or divine moral or norm. Thus, I have chosen a normative method, using a deliberative democracy derived from Habermas, focusing on the communicative practice, that can engage and include every citizen in a democratic process. This is necessary for both deciding whether videocameras should be installed and whom and why some should be under surveillance ? to avoid a social sorting that both can constitute and undermine social trust and increase the gap between the governing and the governed..

The aim of this study was to look at introduction for staff in a social service office and the social workers experience off the first period at a new workplace. Qualitative interviews have been used as a method of investigating how social workers look at introduction in the workplace and how social workers have experience the first period at the workplace. The empirical material have been analysed by using the theory of Human Service Organizations, street-lever bureaucracy theory and theory concerning work environment. This papers first chapter presents the methodological preferences, the second chapter the theoretical perspective and the results of the study are presented in the third chapter followed by a discussion and ending comments in chapter four. My study showed that introduction is necessary in a complex organisation and could be a way to improve the social workers situation in social service organisations..

15th of December 2005 was a historical day for the Iraqi people when they could vote for the first time in a free referendum for the draft of the new constitution. The result showed that 79% accepted it. The Iraqi constitution has been criticized by many for its Islamic ascendancy. By giving Islam the role as the source for legislation, will make the situation worse for the Iraqi women, so it has been said.My aim with this Master thesis is not to evaluate weather or not Islam as a religion will undermine women's roll in the society. My ambition is rather to examine the constitution in order to see which kind of theory of citizenship it is inspired from and how will it affect the situation of the Iraqi women.

The purpose of the study is that based on focus groups with personal assistants understand how self-determination and participation, expresses itself in work with the users. The study has a focus on the concepts of power and help and social citizenship in the context of self-determination and participation. We are interested to explore how personal assistants reason and argue about different design cases and situations related to self-determination and participation in the relationship with the users. For this study we have used a qualitative method and to collect our data we have used focus groups and different design cases (vignettes). To analyze our data we used the theory about power and help and the theory about social citizenship.

Det organiserade våldet i Colombia har på senare år förändrat karaktär och med utgångspunkt i den krigs- och konfliktteoretiska debatten skulle många fråga sig om denna förändring är så fundamental att det går att tala om en förändring av det organiserade våldets grundläggande logik. Det är just denna undran som har legat till grund för genomförandet av vår studie. Med utgångspunkt i de mest inflytelserika teoriernas grundläggande ståndpunkter har vi gjort en uppdelning vilket gör det möjligt att pröva om denna förändring har skett. I Colombias fall har det visat sig att landets integration i globaliseringsprocessen har förändrat de politiska och ekonomiska strukturer som omsluter den väpnade konflikten. Samtidigt förblir kampen om den statliga makten central för konfliktens utveckling.

Starting at the end of the Cold War, this publication assesses the impact of the upheavals in Eastern Europe and the atrophic Soviet Union on the Swedish doctrine of neutrality with its 200 year old tradition. Since the end of world war two the proximity of the Soviet Union had constituted the major impetus for upholding a position of neutrality and as this vanished a pressure for change was created. This essay works with a theoretical framework delineated by Kjell Goldmann and under this disposition, the Swedish tradition of neutrality, governmental positions, opposition and four major influential newspapers are studied. The standings of each variable are canvassed in an attempt to explain the development of Swedish security policy during the crucial years of 1988-1992..

The supply of uninterruptible power can be applied to many areas wherecontinuous operation is highly prioritized.The application of uninterruptible power for motor operation is facilitatedusing a frequency converter. Direct current operated frequency converters canbe applied directly to the power reserve which removes the need for additionalpower-converting.Batteries have long constituted the power reserve but advancements inthe development of ultracapacitors have created a viable substitution. Ultra-capacitors have high energy storing capabilities and can be applied to highpower applications.Maxwell is a leading manufacturing company of ultracapacitors and pro-vide different modules with built-in solutions for voltage balancing. Unevenvoltages between series-connected capacitors is a phenomenon caused by vary-ing capacitance. A configuration containing Maxwell?s 56V module is createdand constitutes the power reserve in the simulations.The discharge simulation shows a significant current that could damagethe system.

On-call work has increased substantially in the past 20 years in Sweden, not least in the public sector and most notably in health and social care. This thesis argues that the increase has considerable influence on the prospects of on-call workers in the public services to act as guardians of democracy. Based on theories of Lennart Lundquist, the results of this study show that on-call workers suffers from inferior opportunities to act as democratic guardians in particularly two matters. First; they have fewer prospects than standard employees of professionalism due to lack of education and capacitation. Second; on-call workers have inferior opportunities to protest against wrongs, due to no real formalized possibilities to inform and due to transactional psychological contracts.

Uppsatsens frågeställning är: På vilket sätt kan demokratisering fungera som konfliktlösningsmekanism efter folkmordet i Rwanda?Folkmordet i Rwanda kan ses i ljuset av att det var ett inbördeskrig med etniska grunder. För att lösa konflikter av denna typ driver vi tesen att demokratisering är den konfliktlösningsmekanism som är mest lämpad på sikt. Vi applicerar teorier från konfliktlösning och demokratisering, och kombinerar dessa för att nå svar på vår frågeställning. Consociationalteorin är vår huvudsakliga teori, då den är utvecklad för etniskt splittrade samhällen.

Varför vann Hamas valet? Valresultatet som blivit så uppmärksammat och ifrågasatt av omvärlden vill vi undersöka. Vårt syfte är att hitta en förklaring till varför det palestinska folket röstade på ett av omvärlden terrorstämplat parti. I vår undersökning utgår vi från fyra olika väljarteorier som kan härledas till den politiska kontexten. Teorierna förklarar valresultat utifrån 1) ideologisk närhet 2) politisk agenda 3) tydlighet i kommunikation av ståndpunkter 4) partiernas kompetens.