This essay examines the policy process of specialist medical training in three Swedish counties. The essay will first describe the policy process. Secondly the politicians parti-cipating in the process is examined. Thirdly, it is tested whether it is possible to analyze the policy process based on Ostrom's theories of cooperation around a common pool resource. In this case, the common pool resource is specialized medical practitioners skills that the Swedish county councils must collaborate on to competence should be sufficient for the county council needs, something that is not the case today.One conclusion of the study is that the health care law is not clear enough when it comes to who is responsible for providing a sufficient number of specialists.

Prostatacancer är den vanligaste tumörsjukdomen bland män som innebär en process där tankar och känslor har sin påverkan. Uppsatsens huvudsyfte har varit att ta reda på hur män som får sin prostatacancer diagnos upplever sin livssituation. Av intresse var att få hur deras identitet påverkats och veta vilka strategier de använder för att göra livet hanterbart. Hela arbetet genomsyrades av den fenomenologiska och den hermeneutiska vetenskapsfilosofiska positionen. Uppsatsen var en kvalitativ studie där halvstrukturerade intervjuer användes.

Background: Myocardial infarction is the most frequent cause of death in Sweden. Previous research has indicated large gender differences as regards the type of care received by the patient. Aim: The aim of the literature review was to describe women?s experiences after myocardial infarction. Methods: A literature review based on eleven qualitative articles was performed.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att beskriva hur föräldrar till barn med diabetes mellitus typ 1 upplever och hanterar sin vardag samt hur de upplever stöd och information från sjukvården. Den design som användes var beskrivande litteraturstudie. De databaser som användes var Cinahl och PubMed och resultatet formades från 15 vetenskapliga artiklar. Det resultat som framkom var att i samband med barnets insjuknande upplevde föräldrar bland annat kaos, ångest, sorg och chock. Föräldrarna fick ta ett stort ansvar över sjukdomen och de använde olika copingstrategier för att kunna hantera detta.

The bank market for farmers in Sweden is dominated by Swedbank and Landshypotek. One of the most aggressive challengers is Länsförsäkringar Bank, which in 2009 had seven per cent of the Swedish bank market for farmers, but 57 per cent of all new lending. This paper deals with the problem of new banks to break into the bank market where farmers are slow in terms of change in their attitudes and loyal to their banks. The study has been carried out in cooperation with Länsförsäkringar Gävleborg which is a new actor in the banking market and thus eager to take part in the outcome of the study. This essay thus seeks to examine the attitudes farmers have against bank switching and the factors that influence their choice of bank.

A majority of Swedish consumers have a positive attitude towards organic production and the number of organic products on the market is increasing. Despite these positive trends, there are still relatively few consumers who choose to buy organic produced products. According to statistics, only 3% of the total sales of food consist of organic products. The aim with this essay is to understand what is needed, both from the grocery store and the consumer's point of view, to increase the consumption of organic food. Information has been collected partly through questionnaire with consumers and partly through analysis of sales statistics for a selected numbers of products. Then the empirical material have been analysed in the light of a combination of the Behavioural Perspective Model (Foxell, 1997) and Kotler's Four P:s (Kotler, 2002). Consumer's willingness to buy organic products is influenced by a number of different factors. One important thing is if the grocery store offers a behaviour setting that stimulates the consumers positive attitude and facilitates their possibilities to collect new information. Furthermore, the store needs to offer a broad and well-visualised selection of organic products.

Att äga kunskap om hantering av hot och våld är alltid en värdefull egenskap, speciellt för personal på HVB-hem för utagerande ungdomar. Studien undersöker hur hot och våld definieras, gestaltas, uppstår och hanteras på HVB-hemmen samt hur personal uppfattar hanteringen. Resultatet av sju intervjuer med personal på HVB-hemmen redovisas. Hot och våld är något som är oacceptabelt men vanligt förekommande. Studien visat att hot är vanligare, mer svårdefinierat och oftare förekommande än våld.

The purpose of this study was to explore the experiences of being a homosexual immigrant in the Swedish society. Our questions were how the interviewed homosexual immigrants experience being treated by the people in their surroundings and how they are influenced by their attitudes. We also wanted to know what kind of thoughts they have about affiliation considering origin and sexuality, and what positive and negative aspects they experience from the combination of being both homosexual and immigrants.To get the answers to these questions we used a qualitative method and interviewed seven homosexual immigrants between the ages of 25 and 40 years. We then compared our material with earlier studies of the living situation of homosexual immigrants in Sweden, Denmark and Norway. We also linked our findings to Goffman's stigma theory and to heteronormativity.The main result was that the combination of homosexuality and immigrantness can result in various difficulties.

The purpuse of this study was to develop knowledge about learning condition that are to be in a context of interaction with persons that have Autism Spectrum Disorder diagnosis are included. The pre-understanding has evidence in that the public very often has a lack of knowledge in understanding persons with this kind of disabilities that can put the social interplay in disharmony. The phenomenological approach was used to reach the essence of the learning influence processes. Seen from the respondents experiences of interaction as a help for the informal learning in a working context. The purpose was to see the result of interplay and the effect of learning condition and to see what help those respondents acctually have experienced.

The purpose of the present study was to get further knowledge about the relationship between transformative and transactional leadership in the context of employee ?s well-being, as well as the relationship between the components of respectively leadership and employee?s well-being. The study also aims to gain knowledge about previous research on the transformational and transactional leadership and employee well-being and if it?s applicable in the Swedish culture. The few studies that studied the relationship between transactional leadership and the well-being of employees have found a negative relationship or found no relationship at all.

SammanfattningSyftet med studien var att beskriva vilka stressorer vårdpersonalen upplever i arbetet med äldre på ett äldreboende, personalens upplevelse av stressorerna samt vilka copingstrategier de använder sig av i dessa situationer. Studien hade en deskriptiv design. Data samlades in med instrument Daily Assesment of Coping (DCA). Resultatet visade att vårdpersonalen (n 33) upplevde stress vid 86 av totalt 155 möjliga arbetstillfällen. Stressorerna utmynnade i två huvudkategorier; patientrelaterade och personalrelaterade stressorer.

Lidenmark, I & Mäenranta, A. Patienters upplevelser av lungcancer - En littera¬turstudie. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 10 poäng. Malmö Högskola: Hälsa och samhälle, utbildningsområde omvårdnad, 2007. Lungcancer är ett hälsoproblem över hela världen. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att utifrån ett patientperspektiv belysa patienters erfarenheter och upplevelser av att leva med lungcancer.

Abstrakt: Stress i arbetslivet för sjuksköterskorna har blivit allt vanligare. Sjuksköterskors arbetsmiljö med sjukare patienter, mindre bemanning, minskad kontroll, stöd och återhämtning kan orsaka stress hos sjuksköterskan. Stress definieras som en obalans mellan de krav som ställs på individen och dess förmåga att hantera dem. En hanteringsstrategi är coping vilket innebär hur en individ bemästrar påfrestande situationer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att studera hur sjuksköterskor vid en akutvårdsavdelning upplever och hanterar stressiga situationer. Metod: En kvalitativ ansats valdes i form av intervjuer som analyserades med kvalitativ innehållsanalys.Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre domäner; orsaker till stress, hantering av stress och konsekvenser av stress. Studiens resultat visade att den främsta orsaken till upplevd stress för sjuksköterskorna var när de inte hade kontroll på situationen.

AbstractThe aim of this study was to describe the anesthesia nurses experiences of pediatric anesthesia in two surgical wards, a general surgery department and a day surgery surgical department at two hospitals in central Sweden. The study had a descriptive design with a qualitative approach, in which ten anesthetic nurses with more or less experience in children's anesthesia participated. Data were collected using semi-structured interview questions and were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results were reported based on a theme, three sub themes and nine categories. The theme When skills, tactfulness and interpersonal skills come to a head, with three sub themes Being prepared and ready, Interacts and open for participation   and Emotional tension.

In 1994 the EU directive of packaging waste was adopted. The result was that all EU member states developed different systems to manage packaging waste and recycling. This paper examines the various systems and the factors that affect the level of recycling. This is done by a cross-sectional study between countries. The results of my study suggest that take-back system generates less recycling than other systems, the mandatory deposit system can affect the recycling in a positive way.