The first of the dual purposes of this work has been to describe the research that has been done regarding the root causes of terrorism and second, using a general causal theory and examining the political dimensions of it, to discuss whether or not general causal theories (grand-theories) are helpful for researchers and policy-makers when reacting to social developments in the form of terrorism. The essay is a qualitative literature analysis and I have based my studies on mostly new books treating root causes of terrorism. I have concentrated on discussing international terrorism and how political dimensions may impact the occurence of this form of political violence. The conclusions I have made is that there is no widespread consensus among researchers and scholars as to what really causes terrorism. Neither can the general model examined in chapter 5 be used to predict when and where terrorism will occur next.

This examination project is an investigation about the opinion and comprehension for political engagement of four young municipal politicians. The purpose with this project is to describe and understand the pronounced comprehension for political engagement. There is also an intention to investigate the educational in discussing political engagement with students in social studies at upper secondary school. The method that has been used is ?map of conceptions? because of its appropriate way to elucidate the comprehension and understanding of a certain subject. Those four young municipal politicians see political engagement as the will to improve the community. There is also an importance to have a large engagement in more areas than just one.

This thesis discusses the 2007 elections in Kenya, and its aftermath. The aim is to examine whether or not ethnicity played a major role in the outbreak of violence that followed the referendum. As well as different theories and discussions on ethnicity, I will also try to explain the course of events by using theories of increased civil violence during a democratic transition, and the fact that weak political institutions can cause violence. My conclusion is that ethnicity has played a part in the violence, but is too simple to blame the events following the election on just that. A number of different factors all contributed to the outbreak, but all to a different extent.

Hur påverkas skapandet och omskapandet av identiteter i en ny kulturell miljö? Vilka faktorer är det som spelar in? I denna antologi har vi grävt djupare i dessa frågor genom att genomföra varsitt fältarbete. Med hjälp av observationer och intervjuer fick vi ta del av människors erfarenheter av att befinna sig i en kulturell minoritet. I uppsatsens första individuella del undersöker Louise Olofsson hur svenskar som väljer att flytta utomlands i vuxen ålder integreras i det nya samhället och hur detta påverkar den identitetsskapande processen. Therése Andersson riktar in sig på hur skönhetsidealen i ett samhälle kan vara en bidragande faktor i integration och identitetsskapande. Vi avslutar med en gemensam diskussion kring sambandet mellan etnicitet, identitet och integration..

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utifrån ett ledningsperspektiv analysera ett företagsförvärv som betecknats som framgångsrikt för att utröna dels hur det förvärvande företagets motiv och mål bidrog till att förvärvet blev framgångsrikt och dels vilken betydelse de i tidigare forskning identifierade framgångsfaktorerna hade för att förvärvet lyckades. En fallstudie genomfördes för att besvara syftet. I fallstudien genomfördes en granskning av företagsintern information samt två intervjuer. Intervjumallarna konstruerades utifrån den teoretiska referensramen som presenteras i uppsatsen. De empiriska resultaten visade att det förvärvande företagets långsiktiga motiv och mål förenklade integrationen, samt att de identifierade framgångsfaktorerna i olika grad hade betydelse för en lyckad integration.

The main purpose of this essay was to study whether niche parties that were represented in municipal councils in Sweden during the 2007-2010 term of office were politically relevant. Furthermore, factors that might facilitate political relevance for niche parties were studied. Political relevance was studied using two theoretical perspectives. The objective model of political relevance presents four categories of relevance based on the relations between political parties in a political assembly; governing parties, coalition parties, blackmail parties and isolated parties. The subjective model of political relevance relies on the party representatives? own judgments of the relevance of their parties.

This thesis deals with non-wanted political parties e.g. right wing populism. How should a democracy handle these opinions? So far these parties have been neglected and not even considered as real parties. By excluding them from the debate and the political arena, media and more established parties have seen them merely as a threat than as democratic parties.

Det organiserade våldet i Colombia har på senare år förändrat karaktär och med utgångspunkt i den krigs- och konfliktteoretiska debatten skulle många fråga sig om denna förändring är så fundamental att det går att tala om en förändring av det organiserade våldets grundläggande logik. Det är just denna undran som har legat till grund för genomförandet av vår studie. Med utgångspunkt i de mest inflytelserika teoriernas grundläggande ståndpunkter har vi gjort en uppdelning vilket gör det möjligt att pröva om denna förändring har skett. I Colombias fall har det visat sig att landets integration i globaliseringsprocessen har förändrat de politiska och ekonomiska strukturer som omsluter den väpnade konflikten. Samtidigt förblir kampen om den statliga makten central för konfliktens utveckling.

In December 2004 an earthquake coursed waves that hit Thailand. Over 5000 people died, and Sweden was the tourist country that has been effected the worst. The catastrophe precipitated Sweden in crises and the demand became high for Swedish government to act. Swedes followed the development via media, why media became the crucial element for how the public perceived politicians? acting.

With an estimated 250 ethnic groups, Nigeria, no doubt, has been grappling with the problem of pluralism of ethnic nationalities. It is not news in Nigeria that extreme ethnic consciousness of its citizens has led to the victimization of one ethnic group by another. This victimization has come in the form of exclusions in the distribution of both wealth and power in the country.Amidst all the exclusions, the unity of the country has been ironically regarded as sacrosanct, and should not be negotiated. It is often said that fate brought all the ethnic nationalities in order to form one great country. I subscribe to this belief that fate brought us together for the above purpose, especially now that several countries around the world are merging in one way or the other to form a formidable force to reckon with both politically and economically.

This study aims to investigate the origin and the development of a certain type of decision phenomena, namely political decision chains. A political decision chain is defined as a seemingly rational decision being made, that is reverted through a new decision and this for other reasons than the original decision being regarded as having fulfilled its intended purpose. The essay attempts to explain the occurrence of these decision chains through a case study in order to thoroughly examine the complexities that surround political decisions overall. The essay concludes that uncontrollable factors and chance to a large extent affect the origin of these chains, allowing actors to change the political agenda according to their preferences. The relative weighting of these factors that is made by the actors, which exist within the decision chain, makes them underestimate the relative power of other actors that may have different preferences.

Uppsatsens syfte är att besvara vad som föranleder våldsamma yttringar, likt upploppen i Paris 2005 och Rosengård 2005. Jämförelsen mellan Paris och Rosengård medför en följdfråga om det finns liknande tendenser i Rosengård att fullskaliga upplopp likt de i Paris kan äga rum.Vi använder oss av en teori som bygger på att det saknas tillit mellan etniska grupper och majoritetsbefolkningen som kombinerat med en social utsatthet bildar en problematisk bild. Dessa två faktorer, brist av tillit och utsatthet, skapar ett spelrum för missnöje vilket kan yttra sig i våldsamheter. Det förefaller för oss vara faktorer vilka livnär sig av varandra, likt en ond cirkel. Variation finns emellertid mellan olika områden, där skillnader i graden av misstro och utsatthet visar på två olika situationer.

?Ecosystem services are the ecosystems direct and indirect contributions of ecosystems to human well-being.? In order to reach the generation target and the environmental objectives it is important to increase the awareness of biodiversity and ecosystem services and it?s importance to human welfare and simultaneously highlighting the value of ecosystem services. The value of ecosystem services should be integrated into economic standpoints, political considerations and other decisions in the society. In today?s society there is a problem concerning that the value of ecosystem services are not considered in economic terms, which can result in solutions that are unfavorable for our welfare (Ministry of Environment, 2012).

To create fair conditions between the majority and minorities in a cultural diverse society poses a challenge for both the makers of government policy and the political theorist. The aim of this thesis is to examine the Swedish government official reports concerning integration and minority rights, with a special interest in values and cultural rights. As a methodological tool a theoretical model that classifies cultural rights is developed and the three normative doctrines lockean libertarianism, comprehensive liberalism and multiculturalism are distinguished from the discussion about how politics ought to be in a multicultural society. Through this perspective rights and values in the official reports are identified and analyzed. The result shows three different standpoints in the reports concerning which cultural minority group they are discussing.

I denna studie behandlas olika teorier kring barn och ungdomars sociala utveckling och lärande i integration med djur. Vidare exemplifierar studien hur detta arbete med djur kan bedrivas. Undersökningen innefattar också vad högskoleutbildade pedagoger i förskolan och skolan har för attityder kring att integrera djur i den pedagogiska verksamheten. För att ta reda på detta har vi använt oss av fältstudier baserade på observationer, protokoll, intervjuer, och samtal.. I denna studie har även en enkätundersökning genomförts i syfte att ta reda på attityder kring integration mellan barn/ungdomar och djur.