Uppsatsen undersöker den samtida konstens gränser genom att studera hur graffiti beskrivs och behandlas inom dagens konstdiskurs. Den innehåller även en kritisk granskning och genomgång av graffitins historieskrivning.Utgångspunkten är påståenden om att den samtida konsten präglas av en öppenhet och en mångfald där vad som helst kan vara konst. Frågan som ställs är om dessa påståenden verkligen stämmer. Undersökningens resultat pekar entydigt på att så inte är fallet. Den samtida konsten framstår tvärtom som ett både socialt och diskursivt snävt avgränsat sammanhang där uteslutning är en central aspekt.

AbstractA Problem to Every SolutionThe Corrymeela Community, René Girard and the ambiguous PluralismThe main purpose of this study is to examine how Girard´s ideas of society, culture andreligion have become part of the reflexion in the praxis of Corrymeela Community through the work of Roel Kaptein and how this praxis can shed light over the work with dissonances of faith and values in education in RE, Social Studies and other subjects.In earlier publications I have studied how dissonances of faith and values can beunderstood in educational settings and in connection with issues of interreligious dialogue.The extensive discussion of how differences in culture, religion and value in a pluralisticsociety are to be analysed and treated in pedagogical reflexion seems to increasingly occupyactors in different parts of the educational system. It is obvious that these issues also arebrought into focus as an important field of research. My main interest in this paper is to study how a reconciliation group in the middle of the conflict in Northern Ireland has developed a view of conflict reason and conflict resolution under the influence of the French researcher René Girard and what aspects of this study that can improve the reflection over Pluralism and dissonances of faith and values in everyday praxis in education.For a period of more than a decade I have been in contact with actors in the peace process inNorthern Ireland in connection to different educational projects. The attempts to analyse the different aspects of ?The Troubles? and the efforts to find ways out of conflicts and civil war are many and the literature on subjects related to these tragic history of social, cultural and religious conflicts is difficult to survey.

Bortom historien slut ? Beyond the end of historyAccording to Robert Dahl there are seven criteria that have to be fulfilled in order for a state to be democratic. Dahl also states that there are several factors that effect the development of democracy. In today?s world it is mostly developing countries that have failed to bring about democratic changes.

The purpose of this thesis is to shed light on a present trend of professionalization in Swedish local environmental politics, which have recently seen a decline in active participation of the citizens in favor of an increased governmental regulation. With the aim to closer investigate this relatively new phenomenon, the paper is a qualitative single case-study of environmental policies in the Swedish municipality of Karlskrona. In this case, the municipality is obviously balancing between regarding the interests of the national level and the interests of its own citizens at the same time. This motivates the use of system-theory, and relates to the classical political paradox between participation and efficiency which is also a present theme in the paper.This text-analysis based on interviews with personnel and documents from the municipality shows a visible trend of professionalization in the local politics of the municipality of Karlskrona, from a large grade of participation and a strong bottom-up approach in the days of Agenda 21 to now being more strongly top-down defined by national environmental objectives and principally operated on a professional level..

The relationship between the government and organised interest in Sweden has changed. Formally considered as a good example of a corporatist state the country during the last 15 years or so experienced a more pluralistic system. This thesis is a qualitative study which discusses how interest groups seek to influence decision makers and policy thru lobbying and public opinion. It also examines how interest groups work with advertising and public relations in a changed climate of mass media. The main method of gathering material has been done thru interviews of representatives of different interest groups.The results of the study paint a picture where the interviewed organizations experience a vast competition in communication and information.

The religious school of thought that is involved in the control of Saudi Arabia is called Wahhabism and is a form of Islam that is usually accused by outsiders of being misogynist. This paper will deal with the founder of this alignment of Islam, Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, and his view of women in marriage. Another movement which in turn goes to work to lift the women's rights is Islamic feminists. Two branches of Islam who belief that Islam is the only right path to take for issues surrounding gender and life. In this essay, I will compare their respective interpretations of three points which concern the role of women in marriage; men's right to polygamy, men's higher status than the woman and the men's right to beat his wife.

This paper is a study of a European citizenship in relation to two different perspectives on citizenship ? universalism and Pluralism - from a gender perspective. We discuss a universal citizenship with equal rights and a pluralistic citizenship with different rights (groupdifferentiated rights), in relation to women within the European Union.First, we try to decide whether the European citizenship draws towards a universal or pluralistic direction. Secondly, we discuss problems with the universal and the pluralistic citizenship in relation to women in EU. It's not evident which of them best favours women's needs and interests; both are problematic in its own way.

The focus of this master thesis is the library politics of the French Right wing party the National Front and the debate that followed the application of this politics. This qualitative study is divided into two parts where the critics to this politics represents one side and the adherents the other. The critics are composed by representatives from the French, Swedish and ? to some extent ? international library sector, while the adherent side is made up of politicians from the National Front and their adherents. The empiric material mostly consists of articles published in library, Right wing and daily press.

Sedan en europeisk identitet först nämndes i 1973 års ?Declaration on European identity? har många symboler och begrepp myntats för att försöka definiera och tillkännage något unikt europeiskt, EU-medborgarskapet som det mest konkreta exemplet på europeisk enhetlighet. Den här uppsatsen analyserar särskilt hur denna utveckling har sett ut i tre dokument publicerade inom EU och med liknande syften: att driva på integration och sammanhållning. Genom att analysera dem utifrån en pluralistisk mångfalds- respektive partikularistisk enhetsdiskurs tydliggörs EU:s identitetsdiskurs. Vilka värden har kopplats till det europeiska över tid? Samtliga dokument hänvisar, med olika mycket betoning, på pluralistiska såväl som partikularistiska värden som grund för en europeisk identitet.

Det finns en kedja till en bra välfärd. Alla individer har behov och önskningar. Dessa ska tillgodoses med de resurser som landet får genom sin årliga produktion av varor och tjänster, BNP. Hur resurserna ska fördelas är en politisk fråga. Det är svårt att mäta välfärd.

Den klassiska musikens inspelningshistoria sträcker sig från det sena 1800-talets fonograf fram till dagens Pluralism av digitala standarder. Parallellt med inspelningsteknikens utveckling har producentens yrkesroll emanerat och förändrats med tidernas skiftande ideal.Syftet med denna uppsats är att utforska vilken betydelse producenten har för det klingande resultatet före, under och efter inspelning av klassisk musik. Metodarbetet är uppdelat på tre avsnitt. Först görs en litteraturöversikt med en historisk genomgång av producentrollens utveckling. Därpå följer kvalitativa intervjuer med två etablerade svenska producenter av klassisk musik.

The aim of this paper is to describe and explain how the separation between state and church effects the power relations between state and religious groups and organizations. Former state church, The Swedish church, is in this paper, not included in the definition of religious groups. The reform (?stat-kyrka reformen?) took place between 1995 and year 2000.I?m examining if religious groups had any influence on the reform. My expectation is to give a clearer picture of religious groups and its power position in Swedish politics and society.

Denna studie behandlar utbildning för hållbar utveckling och syftar till att, för det första analysera och kategorisera lärares undervisningssätt inom undervisning för hållbar utveckling, och för det andra diskutera huruvida detta undervisningssätt skapar en pluralistisk undervisningspraktik. Angreppssättet som används i studien grundas på ett metodologiskt ramverk som utgår bland annat på pragmatismen och transaktionsbegreppet. Utifrån denna metodologi analyseras lärares undervisningssätt i termer av epistemologiska drag, alltså det sätt som läraren ger eleverna anvisningar på. Studiens empiri utgörs av transkriberade videoinspelningar från undervisningspraktik. Analysen resulterar i sex olika kategorier av epistemologiska drag, vilka sedan diskuteras utifrån vissa utbildningskaraktärer vilka kan ses som eftersträvansvärda för pluralistisk undervisning.

The activity of interest groups in the political process of the European Union has given rise to a broad debate concerning the effect on European democracy these groups have. As relatively powerful political actors, the question of these groups? views on the EU and how the union should be is an important one. The status of these groups owns democratic representation also affects the democratic status of the EU. Being based on a number of theories, this study adopts an ideology analysis for the purpose of testing these theories on two cases ? the Swedish environmental organizations World Wide Fund for Nature and The Swedish Society for Nature Conservation.

Today older people?s health and life quality are current topics of conversation in society. The number of old people is increasing and their health is deteriorating, that is why there is a need of new ways of meeting their necessities. In this study we have tried to illustrate heads of districts reasoning concerning pets? significance for old people in special housing.