This thesis gives the reader an understanding for newsletters within e-commerce, and how to work with them as a channel for marketing. Furthermore it explains the technical and graphical demands, and how to ensure that the newsletter reaches the intended receivers.A successful newsletter can entice people to shop, but can also help to strengthen a brand and the relationship between the customer and the company. During the writing of the thesis, it has emerged that the most important part of a newsletter (which also determine whether or not the receiver reads the letter) are the subject heading, sender, layout, headlines,images and the deregistration link.A part from working with the different parts of the letter, the sender should also be aware of the technical and graphical demands. Since the E-mail clients are looking out forimages, fonts that are not embedded in the computer, and for questionable words there?s a big risk for ending up in a spam filter when not considering the demands.

The aim of this study was to compare unemployed and workers' life situation and the way they cope with different situations and to determine their degree of Type A. We used two different instruments: Friedman and Rosenman?s Type A-test and Carver?s cope test. The total number of respondents amounted to 169 participants. The participants were selected from a convenience sample at the employment service and from three different companies.

This thesis studies the stock price reaction around 68 announcements of special dividends and share redemptions on the Swedish stock market between the years of 2003 and 2007. We show that for the Swedish private investor, the tax effect of a share redemption is lower than that of a special dividend. Moreover, a share redemption could be interpreted as a signal of undervaluation. These two factors lead us to assume that the stock market would react more positively in connection to the announcement of a share redemption. We test this hypothesis through an analysis of the risk-adjusted abnormal return for the observations in the sample.

Studiens syfte är att undersöka lek och samspel hos elever med diagnosen Asperger syndrom eller högfungerande autism genom att ta del av deras egna upplevelser av detta. Hur beskriver dessa elever sin lek under förskole- och skoltid? Hur beskriver de sitt samspel med andra? Vilka ställningstaganden gör eleverna för att delta eller icke delta i lekar?I litteraturgenomgången belyses olika begrepp och aspekter som är relevanta för studien såsom lekens betydelse för ett barns utveckling och lärande. Här presenteras också autismspektrumstörningar och vad dessa funktionshinder kan medföra för konsekvenser för barnet när det gäller lek och samspel. Svårigheter som gäller ömsesidig social interaktion, ömsesidig verbal och icke-verbal kommunikation samt fantasi och alla dessa områden är viktiga förutsättningar för lek och samspel.Den metodansats jag är inspirerad av är hermeneutiken.

The purpose of this article is to investigate how and from which sources librarians collect information on their profession with respect to factors that are important for their work. In order to achieve this goal, a questionnaire-based survey will be conducted at three medium-sized central-public-libraries in southern Sweden. Using this survey, I wish to answer the following four questions: To what extent do librarians acquaint themselves with changes and developments within regional and cultural policy arenas important to their work? To what extent do librarians acquaint themselves with information using conferences and library debates that are focussed on changes and developments relevant to their work? Do librarians consider that they have enough time within the limits of their work hours to follow developments within the librarian profession, for example with respect to developments within information technology, and how would they appraise the future demand for information technology-based services at the library? From which source(s) do librarians collect information relevant to their work? The theoretical basis of this paper can be compared to a radar as it scans subjects-of-interest to the organization in the field of business intelligence. This investigation uses a quantitative method, with data collected via a survey consisting of 13 questions.

Bakgrund:De internationella diskussionerna kring goodwill är och har alltid varit många. Man har bland annat diskuterat huruvida goodwill överhuvudtaget är en tillgång samt hur denna tillgång skall värderas, redovisas och skrivas av. Goodwill har fått allt större betydelse i företagen på senare år, bland annat genom de många IT-företag som uppkom i slutet av 1990-talet och därefter. Goodwill, som utgör den största delen av immateriella tillgångar i den ?nya ekonomins? företag, har varit ett av de största redovisningsproblemen.

A new phonological test, LINUS, for Swedish-speaking children between the ages of three and seven, has been developed at the speech and language pathology department at Linköping University. The aim of the present study was to create a reference manual for the long version of the new test. The participants in the present study were children between the ages of five to seven in a medium-sized municipality in the Northern part of Kalmar County, Sweden. In total, 124 native Swedish-speaking children (58 girls and 66 boys) with typical language development participated. The children were divided into two age groups, 5;0-5;11;31 and 6;0-6;11;31 years.

Internal working models of attachment are claimed to be unconscious structures operating outside the conscious awareness. Existing measures of attachment are almost exclusively explicit, either self-reports or interviews and it is questionable whether these instruments are able to tap into unconscious attachment attitudes. The main purpose of the present study is to develop Implicit Association Test (IAT) tools for assessing adult attachment and to examine their construct validity. Two sets of implicit attachment measures, based on the two-dimensional attachment model (Bartholomew & Horowitz, 1991), were developed. Convergent validity was assessed by examining (1) the relationship between implicit model of self and implicit self-esteem and (2) the relationship between the implicit model of other and implicit sociability.

Syftet med detta arbete var att ta reda på hur medvetna lärare på lågstadiet är av lärstilar och hur de praktiserar detta i sin undervisning. Jag har intervjuat sju lärare på lågstadiet för att ta reda på detta. Lärarna i min undersökning är relativt medvetna om lärstilar. Denna medvetenhet gör att det undervisar både genom att berätta (auditivt), visa (visuellt) och att de låter eleverna göra saker (kinestetiskt/taktilt) för att förstå. Detta gör att de allra flesta elever kan tillgodogöra sig undervisningen.

A substation must be properly protected against lightning and other external effects to the equipment in the station or staff, for that we use relay protection. They should also protect against internal errors which may occur as ground faults. There are different types of protection relays, but most common are overcurrent-, distance-, residual current- and differential protection.The purpose of this thesis was to deepen our knowledge of relay protection and to use the theoretical knowledge we got from the university studies in the work process. In the process we discovered which parameters were the most essential and calculated these for all relay protections on the substation. We also carry out a comparison between two brands of relay protection, ABB and Alstom.During our work we will test and simulate the over-current relays in a program called NEPLAN, the program will also calculate the fault currents.

BACKGROUND & During the last century, the Swedish chemical industry has developedPROBLEM: considerably in regard to respecting the environment. Following various discharges and pollutions during the first half of the 20th century, environmental concepts such as CSR, Responsible Care and REACH have developed in order to improve the situation. Today, environmental issues play a central role in the society, but what are the reasons behind this increased environmental commitment? PURPOSE & The purpose of this thesis paper is to study the driving forces behindDELIMITATIONS: the increased environmental awareness in companies. Is this mainly due to stricter legislations, or do factors like pressure from the general public, the industry or customers play a more vital role? Furthermore, do economic incentives exist, that make it interesting for companies to invest in environmental awareness? Since the chemical industry spans over a wide spectrum in regard to environmental issues, this paper will focus on a specific area of the industry.

Fysisk aktivitet är en viktig friskfaktor och fysisk inaktivitet är en stor riskfaktor för ohälsa. Fysisk aktivitet innebär allt ifrån friluftsliv till styrketräning. God muskelstyrka är viktigt att ha under hela livet. Syfte: Syftet med denna studie var att jämföra fysiskt aktiva och fysiskt inaktiva kvinnliga ungdomars muskelstyrka och fysiskt aktiva och fysiskt inaktiva manliga ungdomars muskelstyrka. Metod: Fysiska styrketester genomfördes på övre och nedre extremitet samt bålen.

Detta examensarbete baserar sig på fyra frågeställningar och en hypotes kring hur den deduktiva grammatikundervisningen påverkar tyskelevers interlanguage. Undersökningen försöker visa om den deduktiva metoden t.ex. gynnar en viss elevgrupp beroende på etnicitet och genus. Undersökningen består av ett Grammaticality Judgement Test och en intervjuundersökning bland elever i grundskolans senare år skolår 8 och 9 som läser tyska som språkval. De grammatiska strukturerna som undersöks har eleverna redan blivit testade på vt 2008 i samband med den ordinarie tyskundervisningen.

The characteristics of free movement is the elimination of obstacles to trade between Member States and thus by such, create free movement within the entire union. Therefore art 34 in the Treaty of Lisabon (FEUF) states that all quantative restrictions on imports and measures of equivalent effect are prohibited. The legal approach to measures having equivalent effect is still unclear and the purpose of this paper is therefore to propose a solution to that particular problem. What can be said when it comes to this rule is that the EU-Court has gone from applying a discrimination test to a market access doctrine.According to the Court´s case law, measures having equivalent effects to quantative restrictions are ?All trading rules enacted by Member States which are capable of hindering, directly or indirectly, actually or potentially, intra-community trade?.  The question of how to apply the test when it comes to a potential hinder to intra-community trade is still unclear.

In this work, a method was developed and evaluated for calculating the life of welds under the influence of fatigue loads from a vibration environment. Typically, a shaker table is used for testing a component against vibration loads. The shaker table creates a vibration environment that is defined in the frequency domain by a power spectrum.Similarly, a virtual vibration table can be used to calculate the same type of load environment, which can then be used to calculate the expected lifetime. The benefit of this method is that it can be used in design, as well as in simulation of tests before physical verification tests are carried out.Today there are methods for calculating fatigue life of non-welded base material, but since many components contain welded joints, there is a need to apply this method to those types as well. To achieve this, the thesis combines two different areas, which together provide a method for fatigue assessment of welds using a virtual shaker table.The methodology is carried out by modeling the component, and its welded joints, in a finite element program.