Several studies show that the clinical reality in psychiatric care does not correspond to the demand of consumer participation from a variety of policy documents that has been produced recently. Studies also show that there is a lot to do in improving, patients with sever mental illness, becoming more involved in their own care. The nurse has a central role in this work. The Norwegian nursing theorist Jan-Ka?re Hummelvolls holistic, existentialistic model for psychiatric nursing were used as theoretical ground.The aim of this study was to examine how nurses in psychiatric outpatient units, caring for patients with psychotic disorders, experiences consumer participation.Qualitative phenomenological method was used.

This paper has bearing on the subject of foreign policy analysis and decision-making,but is nonetheless important to peace and conflict studies due to its emphasis onnuclear weapons and deterrence.I have constructed a theoretical framework for the analysis of foreign policydecision-making that I set out to test on a crucial case. The framework iscrosscutting, and takes into consideration four levels of analysis: the system-,regional-, state-, and individual level. It is centred on a key decision maker, andapplies a cognitive approach for determining his or hers belief system through whichthe inputs from the other levels are filtered in order for the decision maker toconstruct a perception of reality, from which the decision is then formulated within.The framework is applied to North Korean and its leader Kim Jong Il. It sets outto explain his behaviour in the matter of their claimed nuclear weapons program, andhis decision to conduct a nuclear weapons-test, getting inside his head trying to figureout why he chose to do it and for what reasons.The conclusion indicates that the basic structure of the framework and its generalapplicability is sound, but that it needs further testing in order to make it perfectly solid..

Background: The patient meets nurses in the emergency department that provide both nursing and has medical skills. The care that the patients are receiving should be individually adjusted. The care is shaped by the individual meeting with the patient according to the nursing theorist Orlando. There are large variations between the number of patients in an emergency department and it sets high demands on the staff, both physically and mentally. When the emergency department is highly loaded there is a priority for medical care and psycho-social and aesthetic aspects will have to wait.

A foundation of our welfare state is that we have a social safety net. This safety net is designed to pick up individuals who are in need of help and support to manage their way of life. This essay regards people who need help with care or people who need help with an addiction. This essay is a qualitative text analysis, which aims to see whether, and if so how, help-seekers are constructed in 40 social service documents within a municipality in central Sweden. We have endeavored to illustrate the power that the written word possesses and which categories of people are constructed depending on the language and content of the social documents.

Background: Long-term stress can lead to reduced health among nurses which can result in impaired quality of care. Stress in nurses' work needs to be studied in order to prevent stress and impaired quality of care. Aim: The aim of this study was to describe nurses' experience of occupational stress and factors that contribute to occupational stress. Method: The method used was a literature review. Results: The analysis resulted in five themes which describe nurses' experiences of occupational stress and factors that contribute to occupational stress.

In many developing countries, among them Vietnam, contamination of agricultural land is a major issue that has public health implications. A fast growing population, rapid urbanization and industrialization have led to air and water emissions of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), such as cadmium (Cd). Earlier studies have shown that individuals with low iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) status absorb larger quantities of Cd than those of adequate nutritional status. The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the Fe and Zn intake from the foods consumed by women (15-45 years) in selected households in two agricultural villag-es in the Red River delta in Vietnam. In one of the villages the residents were involved in metal (mainly Fe) recycling activity, whereas in the other village the residents had agricul-tural production as main source of income. Interviews, followed by food intake calcula-tions, were performed.

Bakgrund:Multipel skleros (MS) är en av de vanligaste orsakerna till att unga människor drabbas av funktionsnedsättning. Hur närstående upplever situationen är en viktig del i patientens livsvärld. För att öka patientens välbefinnande bör hänsyn tas till de närståendes upplevelser och önskemål så de får möjlighet att vara delaktiga i vårdandet av patienten. Syfte:Syftet med uppsatsen var att beskriva de anhörigas upplevelser av att leva med en person med MS. Metod:Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ intervjustudie med vårdvetenskapligt perspektiv som grund. Fyra intervjuer genomfördes där tre av informanterna var partner, och en informant var barn, till en person med MS. Som analysmetod användes kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat:Resultatet visade att anhöriga till en person med MS upplevde det som att de lever ett vanligt liv och de har en naturlig relation till den anhöriga.

Introduction: Child maltreatment, perpetrated by a caregiver, is a major health problem. The child suffers not only at the instance the abuse or maltreatment occurs, the consequences may persist into adulthood. The specialist nurse in child health (CHN), who works at a child health care unit, comes across almost every child growing up in Sweden. The CHN has an opportunity to implement primary prevention with the family during the child's first years. Aim: The aim of this study is to describe the CHN experiences regarding primary prevention to avoid domestic child maltreatment.

Sjölin, C. Träning för bättre samarbete. En litteraturstudie om simulering som verktyg för att förbättra teamarbetet i akuta situationer. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö högskola: Hälsa och samhälle.

Introduction:A good work environment and good resources among district nurses? and general nurses? are important in the provision of good nursing care. For patient security it is also very important that resources and time are used in an appropriate way. A lot of time is spent on non-core activity, for example administration takes more and more time, which can result in feelings of stress.Aim:The aim was to describe how district nurses? and nurses? in primary care perceived their work environment, how their worktime content was distributed and if there was some connection between perceived work environment and the distribution of work time.Methods:A mapping of the content of the work was made in two parts.

Slutsats: Det finns ingen perfekt mall som ska användas vid förändringar. Detta gäller i synnerhet förändringar som handlar om införande av en ny IT baserad arbetsrutin i en traditionsbunden organisation. Reaktioner på en förändring och på införande av ny teknik är olika från person till person, från organisation till organisation. Vi har genom denna uppsats kommit fram till att det finns ett antal nyckelord som borde tas i beaktande samt tillämpas om en förändring ska accepteras av personalen. · Information · Kommunikation · Väcka intresse och motivation · Uppföljning av arbetets gång.

Forskningsresultat når inte alltid ut i vården till patienter och kliniskt verksam personal. Detta kan leda till att den vetenskapliga grund, som vården enligt svensk lagstiftning ska vila på, inte erbjuds. Anledningen till att vetenskapligt belagd kunskap inte når ut kan vara til lexempel avsaknad av kunskap om hur forskningsresultat sprids och om hur resultat kan omsättas till den egna verksamheten. Ett omfattande forskningsfält inom omvårdnad rör samtal, kommunikation och reflektion kopplat till relationen mellan vårdpersonal och patient. Reflektion bör ses som en central företeelse inom vården dels för att förstå patienten dels för att förändring skall komma till stånd.

Bakgrund : Idag uppskattas var tredje person få en cancerdiagnos under sin livstid. Cancer drabbar inte enbart den enskilda individen utan även de närstående. De närstående anses vara patienternas viktigaste stöd under sjukdomsprocessen och de har ett behov av att vara delaktiga i vården. Syfte : Att belysa forskning om upplevelsen av att vara närstående till en person med diagnosen cancer. Metod : En litteraturstudie baserad på tio kvalitativa studier. Resultat : Tre teman framkom vid dataanalysen. De närstående upplevde en förändrad vardag med nya roller och prioriteringar.

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the Swedish Institute of public health care uses paternalistic information in their alcohol publications. My intention has also been to examine to what extent the paternalistic information is being used. This is determined simply by how frequently paternalistic information is found in the publications. I chose to analyse five publications that contain alcohol related information and had a clear motive. My results show that all five publications use paternalistic methods with the intention to change readers, or people in their surroundings, alcoholic behaviour. Though this is quite a small essay, I have suggested extended research of the subject ? preferably of all 176 alcoholic publications presented by the Institute of public health care..

Bakgrund: V?ld i n?ra relationer ?r ett stort folkh?lsoproblem d?r v?rden, s?rskilt sjuksk?terskor har en central roll i att st?dja patientgruppen. Konsekvenserna drabbar inte bara samh?llet utan ?ven den enskilda individen. Syfte: Att beskriva sjuksk?terskors erfarenheter av att bem?ta patienter som utsatts f?r v?ld i n?ra relationer.