Att bli svårt sjuk eller skadad innebär, förutom det fysiska traumat, också att vi blir utelämnade till dem som skall vårda oss. För att patient och närstående skall uppleva trygghet i vårdsituationen är det viktigt att sjuksköterskan har förmåga att se och bekräfta patienten och de närstående i deras lidande. Syftet var att beskriva hur den vårdande relationen uppstår och kommer till uttryck mellan intensivvårdssjuksköterskan och patient/närstående. Syftet var också att belysa betydelsen av en vårdande relation. Studien genomfördes i form av en litteraturstudie, där 14 vetenskapliga artiklar granskades.

Individualiserad omvårdnad är något både patienter och sjukvårdspersonal strävar efter. För att legitimera individualiserad omvårdnad som eftersträvansvärd krävs dock en förankring av begreppet i omvårdnadsvetenskaplig litteratur. Studiens syfte är att utifrån omvårdnadsvetenskaplig litteratur undersöka:? Vad individualiserad omvårdnad är? Hur denna individualiserade omvårdnad beskrivs i omvårdnadsteoretisk litteratur? Hur individualiserad omvårdnad kan uppnås? Hur omvårdnad kan se ut när den inte är individualiseradDatamaterialet består av omvårdnadsteoretisk litteratur från sent 1800-tal fram till idag och resultatet visar att individualiserad omvårdnad är grunden för god omvårdnad. Denna goda och individualiserade omvårdnad skapas i en jämbördig relation mellan sjuksköterska och patient, en relation där sjuksköterskan lyssnar och kommunicerar.

With this master thesis we wanted to find out in which way the concept of public service is connected to different perspectives, ideals, visions of the future and forms of organizations. The purpose with our thesis was to do an analysis of different concepts regarding to public service. To the analysis of concepts we used Swedish newspapers and analysed the issue of public service that had been discussed in articles written during the last five years. From this material and other papers about public service we developed a model of public service ideals. We wanted to find out what the different perspectives thought about the Swedish television and their commission.

Diagnosis of adhd, the cause and consequence. A study about the teachers thought about it.The purpose of this study was to examine teachers experience and views about children diagnosed with adhd, and what implication and effects it gives to the pedagogy strategies in the classroom.This is a qualitative study based on the experience of six teachers from primary school. My results have been compiled and compared to special educational research about adhd, from three different perspectives.The results showed that the teachers who have been working as teachers for a longer period, think that the problems of adhd occur primarily due to environmental causes, but then also say that they think the individual causes matters. It is also these teachers that talks very well about medication as a treatment to cure adhd symptoms. The teachers who have worked the shortest time, most of them have some special education from the teacher education.

Feminist initiative ? an idea analysis.On the fourth of April in the year 2005 Feministic initiative (Fi) was created, it was an main response to the slow changes in the Swedish society, which claimed to establish an equal society. Equality has become one of the major indicators of a contemporary democratic society. The Swedish government has long proclaimed to reach this goal, but even though Sweden currently lies in the front among the democratic societies, while you consider equality issues, especially between the sexes, there is still a lot that need to be done in the Swedish society. Feministic initiative began as an organization and established a political party and participated in the election during the year 2006, but failed to reach a place in the parliament.

Background: Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease that vigorously increases worldwide. The disease can affect the entire everyday life which usually results in major lifestyle change. The treatment consists largely of self care which the patient itself has great responsibility for. The nurses have an important role in supporting, guiding and teaching the patients. Since every patient is unique the nurse would benefit from an increased knowledge about the patients experiences of what promotes and prevents self care in type 2 diabetes. Aim: The aim was, from a patient perspective, describe the experience of what promotes and prevents a self care in type 2 diabetes. Methods: A literature review based on nine scientific articles gathered from the databases CINAHL plus with full text, PubMed and Medline.

An absolute majority of all Swedish children begins to attend preschool at some point between the age of one and five. The acclimatisation to preschool means a great change in every small child's life. They leave all that is well known, the parent and their home, to face a whole new environment with new kids and adults to get to know and learn to trust.The purpose of this study has been to find out how the professionals in preschool reflect upon the child's acclimatisation at preschool. More specifically we wanted answers to how the preschool teachers, in their work with the child's acclimatisation, relates to the today, in preschool, much debated relationship between the two perspectives care and pedagogy.This qualitative study is based on ten interviews with preschool teachers at different preschools in a small town in Sweden. The analysis is based on a presentation of the interview material compared with earlier research and the theoretical aspects we have chosen, which are Bronfenbrenners Ecological Systems Theory and the Object Relations Theory.While working with this paper it has come clear to us that there is no explicit or common definition of the concept of care within preschool, while there is a clear definition of the concept of pedagogy.

Humor har i omvårdnaden ingen erkänd roll som förhållningssättoch har sedan länge blivit förbisett. Humorns flerapositiva effekter för relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patientgör att detta är ett ämne som bör uppmärksammas ytterligare.Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa sjuksköterskansanvändande av humor i mötet med patienten för attstärka omvårdnadsrelationen. Studien genomfördes som enlitteraturstudie och är baserad på tio vetenskapliga artiklar.Resultatet visar att humor är betydelsefullt för att skapa ochunderhålla relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patient samtatt humorn alltid bör utgå från patientens upplevda situation.När humor används i omvårdnaden är det viktigt att sjuksköterskanhar i åtanke i vilket syfte humorn används så att hälsaoch livskvalitet främjas. Fortsatt forskning inom ämnetbör fokusera på att ta fram mer vetenskaplig evidens förhumorns effekt för relationen mellan sjuksköterska och patientoch även forskning på om humor kan användas merkonkret som omvårdnadsåtgärd behövs..

AbstractIn this theory-testing case study I will analyze and discuss the Gulf War which took place in the Middle East in 1990-1991 and has become an important topic for discussion among IR scholars in the post-Cold War era. The events that led up to the Gulf War, as well as the war itself, will be analyzed from two different perspectives; Realism and Liberalism. Within these differing theoretical frameworks I have chosen to use elements from, on the one hand, Classical and Structural Realism, and on the other hand, Idealism and Liberal Institutionalism. Focusing on these specific schools of thought I aim to derive essential, ?key?, concepts that will then be tested against empirical fact.The overall purpose of this study is to try to logically explain, through detailed analysis, the actions of the actors involved in the Gulf War and, in addition, why this war ever occurred.

Bakgrund. Många patienter oroar sig inför kirurgiska ingrepp. Ett av orosmomenten är smärtan efter operationen. Smärtpåverkade patienter utsätts för ett lidande. Detta lidande bryter patientens naturliga förhållningssätt till den levda världen.

The Intensive Care Unit (ICU) is a special unit for patients who is in the need for emergency life-sustaining measures and every patient has complex medical- technical equipment. The experiences of a critical illness and the needs of critical care are experienced in different ways. The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences from patients in the ICU and how this experience has an influence on the patients. The method was a study of literature with a qualitative inception based on eight scientific articles and the analysis of content has been inspired by Graneheim and Lundman (2003). The result of the study is presented by four categories: to loose the ability to make themselves understood, to be forced to adjust to the environment of caring, to have the lack of connection with reality and to be in an intensive care environment, The results showed that patients in the ICU are affected by the attitude from the staff, the equipment around them as well as the sounds and lights in the environment there.

The purpose of this study was to understand school counselors´ and teachers´ perspectives on the prevention of bullying in relation to social capital. The study was based on a qualitative process with semi-structured interviews from three teachers and three school counselors from three different schools. The main question was to find out teachers and school counselors perspectives of bullying in relation to social capital. The analysis was based on a theory that focuses on social capital, where trust and confidence as well as universal and selective interventions are important. Today, bullying is considered a serious and significant problem in school.

ABSTRACT Introduction: During the past 40 years the ambulance service in Sweden has evolved from mainly being a source of transport to today?s high-tech caring facilities that enable qualified care to start already in the patient?s home. This first level of care is now provided by registered nurses and registered nurses with specialist training in pre hospital care.At the same time as the care provided is becoming more advanced, results from studies demonstrate that the amount of dispatches to patients that lack the need for ambulance care and transport is increasing. Nurses in pre-hospital care possess the knowledge, training and authority to perform an initial assessment of patients and also treat patients according to local and national guidelines. After the treatment it would sometimes be possible for the patients to remain at home without having to use ambulance transport to an emergency department or in other cases find other means of transport to hospital.

As in society in general, exclusion of individuals takes place in the school system. Even though schools ? according to the curriculum ? are supposed to cherish diversity, many children are left outside of the community formed during school activities. In order to gainknowledge of how schools can prevent and inhibit exclusion, this work aims to study how the problem is interpreted and managed. The study included six pedagogues: three pre-school teachers and three 1?7th grade teachers.

The purpose of this study has been to describe and analyze how seven Swedish preschool teachers and two special education teachers think and work with children who show a lack of social skills. The study method has been semi-structured interviews with the educators which have been analyzed and sorted under different themes/categories. The theoretical framework used in this study is sociocultural, relational and categorical perspectives. These perspectives have been chosen in order to better understand how teachers see their role in supporting children in need of special support. The environment in the preschool is found to be of great help and the teachers? approach is of great importance.The research emphasizes the importance of integrating thinking, feeling and behavior.