Several factors can affect the childbirth experience among parents. Previous research showed that parental education was insufficient. Parents who participated in both regular parental classes and psychoprophylaxis education were more satisfied with the psychoprophylaxis education compared to those who participated in only traditional parental classes. Psychoprophylaxis should be more considered as it could help the woman to handle her pain and contribute to increased self-esteem. The aim was to describe and illustrate the parents' childbirth experiences when psychoprophylaxis was used as childbirth preparation.

The purpose of this study was to examine the experience of organizational culture among salespeople at a specific workplace. The purpose was also to investigate what motivates these salespeople in their work and the impact culture has on their motivation. We have used a qualitative research method to collect the empirical material. With the help of seven interviews, including six salespeople from one of Sweden?s biggest electronic retailer and also one information interview with a sales consultant, we attempted to find the answer to how they perceive the organizational culture and how it affects their work motivation. The following questions are used to fulfill this purpose: ? How do the salespeople experience the organizational culture? ? What motivates the salespeople in their daily work? ? What effects does the organizational culture have on the salespersons motivation? As analytical tools we have used are the concept of organizational culture, Schein's description of the three components of culture and Herzberg Motivation-Hygiene theory. The results of the study indicate that the salespeople experience a positive organizational culture and that this culture promotes fellowship and unity between colleagues, which in turn contributes to an enhanced motivation.

Livsuppehållande vård möjliggör för många patienter ett förlängt liv. Att förlänga livet medför många etiska dilemman som kräver en öppen dialog vårdteamet sinsemellan. Sjuksköterskan är aldrig den som fattar beslut angående den livsuppehållande vården men är den som verkställer beslutet och utgör en länk mellan patient och vårdteam. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor upplever livsuppehållande vård. En frågeställning med nära anknytning till syftet utformades för att nå en djupare förståelse för ämnet.

Risken att drabbas av sjukdom och bli beroende av vård är stor, och att vara utbildad sjuksköterska och bli beroende av vård kan skapa svåra situationer. För att belysa detta komplexa och relativt orörda område valdes syftet att undersöka sjuksköterskans upplevelse av att vara patient. Analysen genomfördes med en kvalitativ manifest innehållsanalys av en biografi och en autobiografi, vilket resulterade i fem kategorier som låg till grund för resultatet. Resultatet i studien visar på värdet av att behandla alla patienter som unika individer oavsett vilken kunskap eller erfarenhet de kan tänkas ha. Att alla patienter, även patienter med sjuksköterskeutbildning, har behov av enkel och tydlig information, bekräftelse och stöd.

This is an investigation into the ways in which a group of librarians experience and make use of the intranet in their vocational role. The theoretical frame of reference consists of a model of how professionals seek information, which is based on a role-theory. As a method, I have applied a qualitative case-study. Using semi-structured qualitative interviews I have interviewed five librarians and the webmaster responsible for the intranet in their library. I have investigated how elements such as the age and vocational role of the librarians affect their use of the intranet.

Background:Incoming medical alarm is a common routine for emergency nurses. Working in these situations may represent a major burden on the individual nurse. Purpose: To investigate emergency room nurses' experiences in receiving medical alerts focused on education, safety, security, skills and experience, and andherence to guidelines. The purpose was also to investigate whether there were any differences in action between the emergency room nurses who had worked longer or shorter period than two years with this.Method:The design was quantitative, comparative and descriptive. Surveys were distributed to 30 nurses who worked in the emergency room at a Swedish hospital.

The objective of this paper is to describe and analyze female irregular immigrants and their experience of how relationships with other people affect their lives and identity.A qualitative method is used in the study, because my main purpose is to analyse the respondents? lives and life experiences. The analysis is based on a symbolic interactionism perspective. The results are also analyzed based on previous research and the concepts underlying the paper; irregular immigrants, discrimination, power and identity.In summary, the respondents have a clear picture of how they live and experience their relationship to others and themselves and how this affects their lives and identity.Their experiences affect their lives and influence their behaviour and identity when they interact with others. Their own view of their situation means that they are afraid to seek care or report sexual abuse, threats or other similar conditions.

När en patient drabbas av en total hjärninfarkt och blir aktuell för organdonation ställs det höga krav på intensivvårdssjuksköterskan. Tidigare studier visar att intensivvårdssjuksköterskor oroas av att vårda blivande organdonatorer och samtidigt stödja dennes närstående. Syftet var att belysa intensivvårdssjuksköterskors upplevelse av att stödja närstående till patienter med total hjärninfarkt i samband med organdonation. En kvalitativ metod med innehållsanalys av en fokusgruppsintervju genomfördes.Det framkom två huvudkategorier, Närståendes behov och Intensivvårdssjuksköterskans förmåga att ge stöd. Intensivvårdssjuksköterskans upplevelse påverkades i hög grad av hur närstående reagerade på situationen gällande organdonationsprocessen.

SammanfattningSyfte: Syftet är att beskriva hur individer som överlevt ett hjärtstopp samt individer som överlevt ett hjärtstopp och erhållit en ICD upplever sin livskvalitet utifrån ett fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt perspektiv. Vidare var syftet också att beskriva kvaliteten på de ingående artiklarna avseende undersökningsgrupp. Metod: Beskrivande litteraturstudie med 12 ingående resultatartiklar. Sökningar gjordes i databaserna Cinahl, PubMed och PsychINFO. Huvudresultat: Upplevelsen av livskvalitet påverkas ur flera aspekter hos individer som drabbats av hjärtstopp.

Abstract      Background: Stroke, caused by a blood clot or a bleeding in the brain, is one of the large endemic diseases in Sweden. The symptoms are very individual and depend on where the stroke is located. The nurse is a key person due to the importance to individualize the rehabilitation of the patient. The consequences after a stroke are not only visible functions reductions but also cognitive and practical problems. Stroke often leads to extensive changes in life, and individuals who get a stroke have to adjust their daily life. Aim: The aim of the study was to describe individuals? experiences of changes in daily life, one year or more after a stroke. Method: An inductive, qualitative approach was used.

BakgrundEndometrios är en kronisk gynekologisk sjukdom med en prevalens på upp till 15 procent. Den uppstår när vävnad som liknar livmoderslemhinnan fäster utanför livmodern och orsakar inflammation. Det främsta symtomet är smärta i bäcken och buk. Symtomen kan vara diffusa. Den säkraste metoden för att ställa diagnos är laparoskopi.

The global market is becoming increasingly integrated and to keep up with growing competition and to achieve even greater success, companies expand to foreign markets. Previous studies have shown that the concept of psychic distance has an important impact on international performance regarding small and medium-sized enterprises (SME). The aim of our study is to provide the reader with a deeper understanding of how psychic distance influences export performance regarding Swedish SMEs. Through a single case study of a Swedish SME, we chose to research three different markets in three different continents. Our findings show that psychic distance influences export performance through export marketing strategy and active learning.

The aim of this study was to examine how individuals who have left a criminal lifestyle may experience their present life. A symbolic interaction approach was the theoretical framework for this research. Qualitative interviews were conducted with seven individuals who have stated having had and left a criminal lifestyle. The results showed that how individuals experience their present life is highly dependent on individuals? own view of themselves as well as on how others view them.

As the occurrence of obesity increases amongst young people, so increases the risk of more people suffering from heart failure as early as during middle age. The aim is to describe the life experiences of middle aged persons living with chronic heart failure. The literature study is based on twelve published, qualitative, and scientifically proved articles derived from MedLine and Cinahl using queries representing the subject, as well as from manual searching in ScienceDirect and LIBRIS. These articles have been analyzed from a life world perspective. Four main themes and four sub themes were identified from the articles' results.

The purpose of this study is to describe how dandelion children has experienced their childhood and how their childhood has formed them in their adulthood. The purpose is also to examine how the attachment between the child and the parents has come to expression. To search for the answers of the purpose the following issues has been created: How do dandelion children experience that their upbringing has formed them as a human being in adulthood? and How do dandelion children experience the attachment to their parents have been expressed during childhood? The empirical material of this study is based on a qualitative approach where the material has been assembled by semi-structured interviews with five respondents. The result shows that all the respondents has experienced their childhood as a problematic existence due to their parents lacking in their basic care of the child.