The formulation of visions into practical projects is an important part of the professional expertise of landscape architects. This expertise includes the gathering, structuring, improvement and utilization of knowledge. Project models have been developed to provide tools for the implementation and governance of projects, as well as means of learning, reflection and survey of individual projects. The aim of this thesis is to describe some general project models and their theory, and to describe practical, real-life examples of project models used within landscape architecture. Questions asked are: ? How do the processes of idea to construction in landscape architectural projects lool like? Do project models have a relevance for the mission of landscape architects? ? Is a common project model used within such projects, or is the project model varying depending on e.g.

Horses are by nature herbivores, specialized on grass, and graze during the main part of the day. The horse has neither changed this basic behaviour nor the function of gastro-intestinal tract, when the horse was domesticated by man. A horse on pasture has an even production of saliva and gastric acids. The buffering effect of the saliva makes the pH in the stomach above four throughout most of the day. With abnormal long breaks of eating, the pH may decrease, causing an increased risk of gastric ulcer.

High quality within a Lean production system begins with standardised work, which creates stable processes able to generate predictable output. If nonconformity from the standard procedures occurs, routines are needed to analyse, correct and prevent the nonconformity from occurring again. In that way, the nonconformity can be a trigger for continuous improvements toward more stable processes. In takted production lines, where the operator follows a standard sequence with tasks set to be completed within the takt time, a nonconformity leads to downtime in the operator?s sequence, and no value is added.

In present time, more and more people move into cities. Densification of cities as planning policy together with an intensive urbanization, makes urban planners face with the contradictory task of creating a city that is both dense and green. Façade vegetation has been used for centuries, mainly in the form of various climbing plants that with or without supportive structures have spread over facades to give a green impression to the environment. The development of new technology today allows urban planners to use greenery integrated with façades. Vertical gardens offer a larger variety of plants, and at the same time takes advantage of the technological benefits of vegetation in city planning.

In todays competitive business climate the concept of ?quality management? is a significant part of daily work for many companies, as they want to achieve high performance quality and delivery success. Within the services sector third-party logistics companies play an increasingly central role when it comes to the goods that are being transported. These companies are presented with continuous challenges to ensure that goods are loaded on trucks efficiently and delivered on time, at the right place and in the right condition. The present case study was conducted in collaboration with Schenker AB and Schenker Åkeri in Jönköping, to help these two company branches serving under the same major corporation to solve a common problem they both encounter, namely the fact that it regularly occurs handling abnormalities in the terminal process that affects overall quality for customers.The study aims to find out how the daily quality control concerning the handling of goods in the terminal process can be improved hopefully resulting in a higher quality in cargo shipments.

High quality within a Lean production system begins with standardised work, which creates stable processes able to generate predictable output. If nonconformity from the standard procedures occurs, routines are needed to analyse, correct and prevent the nonconformity from occurring again. In that way, the nonconformity can be a trigger for continuous improvements toward more stable processes. In takted production lines, where the operator follows a standard sequence with tasks set to be completed within the takt time, a nonconformity leads to downtime in the operator?s sequence, and no value is added.

GE Healthcare operates in Uppsala (Sweden) and develops systems, equipments and medium to purify medical substances. Discussions with the local authority concerning planed far-reaching changes and upgrades of the biological process techniques for sewage management, aroused the question about revising the terms of permit for the activity. Therefore it seemed necessary to evaluate a newly installed biological process technique, which is the background of this thesis. The evaluated biological treatment process was built in 2003 and consists of a biological reactor filled with moving bed carriers with a high surface area for biological growth. At the time of the project the biological wastewater treatment plant consisted of a flow equalization facility and two following parallel biological processes; a biological reactor with moving bed carriers and a tower trickling filter.The aim of this thesis was to survey the function of the biological reactor with respect to the reduction of organic matter.

High quality within a Lean production system begins with standardised work, which creates stable processes able to generate predictable output. If nonconformity from the standard procedures occurs, routines are needed to analyse, correct and prevent the nonconformity from occurring again. In that way, the nonconformity can be a trigger for continuous improvements toward more stable processes. In takted production lines, where the operator follows a standard sequence with tasks set to be completed within the takt time, a nonconformity leads to downtime in the operator?s sequence, and no value is added.

Under lagring och transport av textila varor från Asien kan risken för mögelangrepp vara stor, något som sedan vid uppackning kan vara skadligt för hälsan. Situationen så som det ser ut idag kan medföra stora problem och kostnader hos textilföretag och att hitta möjliga åtgärder för att förebygga skador är därför av stort intresse. För att kartlägga problemen med mögelangrepp på textila material har både informationssökning och praktiskt arbete genomförts. Mögeltillväxt sker då det är gynnsamma betingelser med hänsyn till klimat, näring och syretillgång. För att mögeltillväxt inte ska angripa textila varor finns en rad förebyggande åtgärder som kan vidtas, åtgärder som alla handlar om att göra förutsättningarna på ett eller annat sätt ogynnsamma.

Denna studie har utförts på uppdrag av Skellefteå Kraft. Skellefteå Kraft är Sveriges femte största kraftproducent med kraftvärmeverk i Malå och Lycksele och bioenergikombinat i Skellefteå och Storuman. Undersökningen avser Mälardalsområdet som här definieras som Stockholms län, Södermanlands län, Uppsala län, Västmanlands län, Örebro län samt Östergötlands län. Inom detta område bor 38 procent av Sveriges befolkning och här förbrukas 31 procent av landets totala energiförbrukning. Syftet med studien är att kartlägga utbudet och efterfrågan på biobränsle, med tyngdpunkt på skogsbränsle, inom Mälardalsområdet 2010 och om fem år.

This report is made as a literature review, focusing on the work done to increase understanding of efficiency in the categories of substations and secondary heating systems, with respect to the deviation from the theoretically possible cooling off in the distribution network as well as the economic benefit that appear. The main purpose of a considerable part of the literature used in this report addresses the issue of identifying individual causes of reduced cooling in district heating systems. These literature resources have been compiled and summarized as part of the report.The technology of district heating is associated with benefits such as better use of the energy in a fuel. This is the case of cogeneration plants where serial generation of electricity and thermal energy increases efficiency compared with the parallel generation where heat is generated locally and electricity is generated centrally. Serial generation thus allows for lower primary energy demand.

Träd har alltid varit en del av världens historia. För människans välbefinnande och för miljöns bästa är det viktigt att träden förblir en del av denna. I takt med att urbaniseringen ökar och naturområdena krymper ombesörjs trädens fortlevnad bland annat av att många träd planteras. Långt ifrån alla träd lyckas dock etablera sig, varför det är så är en komplex fråga. Träden genomgår en lång resa från att de är unga plantor tills att de står som etablerade träd på sin slutgiltiga växtplats. Denna långa resa, kallad distributionskedja, delas i föreliggande examensarbete in i nedanstående led: - Plantskola - Transport - Leverans - Mellanlagring - Plantering - Etableringsskötsel Trädens resa börjar i plantskolan som ung planta.

Träd har alltid varit en del av världens historia. För människans välbefinnande och för miljöns bästa är det viktigt att träden förblir en del av denna. I takt med att urbaniseringen ökar och naturområdena krymper ombesörjs trädens fortlevnad bland annat av att många träd planteras. Långt ifrån alla träd lyckas dock etablera sig, varför det är så är en komplex fråga. Träden genomgår en lång resa från att de är unga plantor tills att de står som etablerade träd på sin slutgiltiga växtplats. Denna långa resa, kallad distributionskedja, delas i föreliggande examensarbete in i nedanstående led: - Plantskola - Transport - Leverans - Mellanlagring - Plantering - Etableringsskötsel Trädens resa börjar i plantskolan som ung planta.

Träd har alltid varit en del av världens historia. För människans välbefinnande och för miljöns bästa är det viktigt att träden förblir en del av denna. I takt med att urbaniseringen ökar och naturområdena krymper ombesörjs trädens fortlevnad bland annat av att många träd planteras. Långt ifrån alla träd lyckas dock etablera sig, varför det är så är en komplex fråga. Träden genomgår en lång resa från att de är unga plantor tills att de står som etablerade träd på sin slutgiltiga växtplats. Denna långa resa, kallad distributionskedja, delas i föreliggande examensarbete in i nedanstående led: - Plantskola - Transport - Leverans - Mellanlagring - Plantering - Etableringsskötsel Trädens resa börjar i plantskolan som ung planta.

Purpose There are almost infinite numbers of ways to build dairy farms in Sweden. When building a new free stall barn you have the possibility to affect both working environment and animal welfare for many years to come. The construction costs are influenced by which type of barn that is built and what functions it contains, for example one can predict that automatic milking systems are more expensive to integrate than milking parlours. But what is the real cost of today for the construction of free stall barns with milking centres and how is it affected by construction methods and functions? Is the labour time influenced by the building costs? These are some of the questions this report will try to answer.