Bedömning av smärta hos icke kommunicerbara patienter är en utmaning för intensivvårdssjuksköterskan. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor uppger att de bedömer smärta hos denna patientgrupp. En deskriptiv och jämförande tvärsnittsstudie gjordes med hjälp av en webbaserad enkät. Enkäten distribuerades till alla kliniskt verksamma intensivvårdssjuksköterskor (n=96, svarsfrekvens 75%) på två intensivvårdsavdelningar på Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala.De smärtparametrar som sjuksköterskorna ansåg viktigast var pulsstegring, blodtrycksstegring och mimik/ansiktsuttryck. Påbyggnadsutbildning eller uppdrag inom smärtområdet hade ingen signifikant betydelse för vilka smärtparametrar sjuksköterskorna uppgav som viktigast.

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to investigate the views Swedish elementary school teachers produce on the subject of ethics. The teachers? thoughts on selection among ethical notions is described and also how these notions are assessed. The essay proceeds from the central content and the knowledge requirement in the syllabus of religious knowledge.The empirical survey is based on qualitative scientific interviews with four teachers employed in grades 4-6 at different schools.The teachers find ethics in its current state of the syllabus hard to define and they find encounters with parents and pupils difficult in their tasks. The selection of ethics is decided by previously planned basic values education or from conflicts erupting during schools hours.

This essay examines if formative assessment causes any impact on upper secondary school students results in social science. Other questions asked are which group of students benefits most from formative assessment and if any connections can be found between the students result and their cognitive approach to learning, problem solving capability and attitude to school.Two classes from a school in Stockholm were chosen to participate in the study. The theoretical framework is mostly based on former research performed by Black and William (1998, 2003). Multiple methods were used, including an experiment with a parallel-group design with two groups, a survey and a problem solving test. Statistics is used to describe and analyze collected data.Both groups were taught during five lessons in the same field of knowledge with the same kind of teaching, apart from formative assessment.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vad sjuksköterskor som arbetar med demenssjuka personer uppfattar som viktigt för att den demenssjuke ska få ett gott välbefinnande i det dagliga livet. För att undersöka detta genomfördes en kvalitativ studie med en deskriptiv  design, tio legitimerade sjuksköterskor på demensboenden i en medelstor svensk stad intervjuades. Studien genomfördes med semistrukturerade intervjuer.Av huvudresultatet framkom att sjuksköterskorna ansåg att vården alltid ska utgå från den demenssjukes dagsform, sjukdomsbild, dess tidigare liv och se till den demenssjukes friska sidor. Att miljön är lugn och tydligt utformad beskrevs som viktigt för att öka den boendes välbefinnande och självständighet. Olika faktorer som påverkar välbefinnandet beskrevs och kunde delas in som kognitiv stimulering, sinnesstimulering, fysisk aktivitet och sysselsättning.

The level of increased central government that we have experienced during the last decades in school, for the purpose of increasing equality and to adapt the Swedish school to a certain international standard, clearly shows that increased control scarcely leads to improvement.The aim of this paper is to examine whether teachers believe that national tests contribute to equivalent assessment and increased goal attainment. Furthermore the teachers? attitude towards and work with national tests is described. The paper is written from a school improvement perspective, where good examples from current research on what creates increased quality in school meaning increased goal attainment and equivalent assessment are related to research on school effectiveness and increased testing in schools. The study builds upon a quantitative survey among teachers in upper primary - and secondary school in a medium-sized municipality in Sweden.The result shows that the teachers have a somewhat more positive than negative attitude towards national tests, as a whole.

Abstrakt Bakgrund: Demens är ett kroniskt tillstånd i hjärnan som kan försämras med tiden och sjukdomen påverkar främst de kognitiva förmågorna hos personer med demens. I Sverige insjuknar drygt 25 000 personer varje år i en demenssjukdom och antalet personer med demenssjukdom kommer att successivt öka i takt med befolkningen blir allt äldre. I dagsläget saknas det läkemedel för de sjukdomsmekanismer som orsakar demenssjukdom.Syftet: Att beskriva hur musikterapi påverkar personer med demens.Metod: Metoden som författarna använde i studien var en systematisk litteraturstudie. 12 artiklar varav tio med kvantitativ ansats och två med kvalitativ ansats inkluderades i studien. Manifest innehållsanalys gjordes med stöd av Forsberg och Wengström (2013).Resultat: Resultatet består av tre kategorier och nio subkategorier. Kategorierna var emotionella förändringar, förändrad intellektuell och social förmåga och förändrade livssituationer.

The aim: was to describe and compare a group of experts and critical care nurses' agreement in detecting delirium in intubated, ventilator treated patients with sedation / analgesia, before and after an in house training intervention with the instrument Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU).Method: A quasi-experimental study, one group pretest - posttest design. A convenience sample of 17 critical care nurses in a general intensive care unit included. To detect delirium the instrument CAM-ICU was used, 21 paired tests before and 22 after an educational intervention.Main Results: The results showed that after an in house training intervention sensitivity and kappa coefficient improved of the characteristic 1 "acute onset and fluctuating course," an improvement that was significant. In other features, and overall values were signs of numerical improvement and deterioration in sensitivity, specificity and kappa coefficient but no significant change.Conclusion: Implementing a new instrument for detecting delirium in clinical practice requires education and follow-up. A small sample of critical care nurses with varying ability to use the new instrument and the fact that patients' status may change rapidly making it difficult to draw any conclusions from this study.

AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate students' perception of their grades in relation to the grading criteria in physical education. To investigate this used issues: how values and experience rating criteria? How do students their teachers' planning of lessons? How do students grading assessment in physical education and what they believe is important? The method used was a questionnaire with closed questions. The answers were given on a six-point scale, ranging from 1 = "not true" to 6 = "totally agree". In a qualitative analysis of the quantitative material.

I denna rapport beskriver jag hur jag tagit mig an ett rumslig informationsproblem som grundar sig i personer med demenssjukdoms mentala fo?rma?ga att orientera sig. Min bakgrund som undersko?terska i kombination med min kunskap i hur rum pa?verkar ma?nniskans beteende go?r att jag reagerat pa? de miljo?er da?r dessa personer vistas. Studien a?r genomfo?rd pa? Marielunds a?ldreboende och seniorboende i Eskilstuna kommun och syftar till att fra?mja de boendes sja?lvsta?ndighet.Resultatet visar arkitekturens komplexitet och observationen av boendet avslo?jar en ma?ngd rumsliga hinder som pa?verkar orienterbarheten negativt fo?r personer med demenssjukdom.

Hjärtsvikt är ett tillstånd som ökar i dagens samhälle. Tillståndet påverkar många funktioner i det dagliga livet som främst beror på symtom och olika behov som gör vardagen svår för individen. Syftet var att beskriva individens upplevelse av att leva med hjärtsvikt. Metoden som användes var en litteraturöversikt med en kvalitativ ansats, med sammanlagt 12 artiklar. Analysen resulterade i huvudtematEn oförutsägbar och sviktande kropp med de tillhörande temana En ny livssituaion, Att uppleva trygghet, Att behöva anpassa sig till det nya tillståndet samt Att finna mening med livet.

Bakgrund: Teorier i omvårdnad har beskrivits av många omvårdnadsforskare. Sjuksköterskeprofessionen är tvärvetenskaplig. Huvudämnet i sjuksköterskeutbildningen är omvårdnad och stödämnen i professionen kan vara biomedicin och folkhälsa. Det akademiska ämnet omvårdnad är professionsneutralt. En vanlig uppfattning bland sjuksköterskor är att jämställa professionen med ämnet.

The aim of this study was to describe the meaning of individual care according to Newborn Individualized Developmental Care and Assessment programs (NIDCAP) to the early born child. The care around the early born child has shown a big importance. NIDCAP incorporates many care aspects that give structure for an individual tailored care. A fast care planning within three days and night after the birth according to NIDCAP has a positive effect for the cognitive development. The early child has showed that the surroundings environment has an important role for their development.

Abstract This Concept Analysis according to Walker & Avant (1995) studies the concept of uncertainty in the nursing context. It consists of four parts where uncertainty in general have been encircled in a semantic analysis (part one) and a qualitative content analysis consisting of an questionnaire, distributed to the staff members at one nursing and medicine institution, with an open question about the meaning of uncertainty (part two). The third part is a literature study of the nursing context to find out how uncertainty is described (part three). Part four is the actual concept analysis based on the three first parts. Uncertainty in the nursing context is an individual conscious experience witch is changeable and impressionable. It is chained together with its antecendents and consequences.

Abstrakt All around the world there are a lots of people that suffers from chronic pain. One great factor for the devolopment of chronic pain is the phenomen fear-avoidance/kinesophobia that appear to have negative effects on rehabilitation of chronic painproblems. The aim of the present study was to describe and identify how patient that took part in a rehabilitationprogram in year 2004 and 2005 with focus on behaviourchanges estimate their fear-avoidance/kinesophobia and examine if there was any changes estimate fear-avoidance/kinesophobia respectivly before and after and respecivly before and 12 month after the rehabilitationcourse. The study had a describing prospecitive design. Data was collected by the Swedish version of Tampascale for kinesophobia.

The topic for this essay is tutoring for nurses. The study is about nurses who work in a nursing home for the elderly and who want to get tutoring and more education. Qualitative method was used and twelve nurses who worked in a nursing home were interviewed. The interviews were taped and written down. Then relevant quotes were picked out of the text and placed into eight different themes.